Applying the Metric System METRIC CONVERSIONS, DENSITY, AND DISPLACEMENT.
Unit 1: Introduction and Science Skills OVERVIEW: Safety Scientific Method vs Engineering Design...
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Transcript of Unit 1: Introduction and Science Skills OVERVIEW: Safety Scientific Method vs Engineering Design...
Unit 1: Introduction and Science Skills
OVERVIEW:•Safety•Scientific Method vs Engineering Design•Measuring and Data Collection•Graphing•Metric Conversions
Safety Scenarios! What would you Do?
For the lab situation you received, create a poster which includes the following. Use the safety rules to help you.
1.Explain how situation could have been prevented.
2.What should be done to fix the situation (problem).
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Wed 8/19
What is the difference? Scientific Method
– Organized process of asking and answering scientific questions. Usually involves making observations and doing experiments.
Engineering Design– Organized process of solving a problem.
Usually involves designing and testing a product which meets certain standards.
Scientific Method vs Engineering Design
1. Question
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Collect/analyze data
6. Conclusion
7. Share results
1. Problem
2. Research/brainstorm
3. Design
4. Build
5. Test devise
6. Evaluate
7. Share results
What is the same?
Scientific Method FOLDABLE
1. Question
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Experiment
5. Collect/analyze data
6. Conclusion
QUESTION
Ask a question about something you OBSERVED. Why? OR How? – Science requires being curious
Question must be testable – Can outcome be measured or observed?– Not based on opinion – Not just defining something
PRACTICE:Which question below can be answered SCIENTIFICALLY?
1. Which flowers are prettier, daisies or roses?
2. Can you get warts from handling toads?
3. Do cats make better pets than dogs?
4. How do plants grow?
5. How does changing the type of soil effect the growth of tomatoes?
RESEARCH
Use credible sources to learn more about the subject.
Then use what you learn to write your hypothesis and plan the experiment.
HYPOTHESIS Educated and Testable prediction
about what will happen.– Use what you learned from your research to write a
logic hypothesis.– Make sure you have access to the supplies to test
your hypothesis.– Make sure you can measure or observe the
outcome.
Cause and effect relationship between two factors– INDEPENDNT and DEPENDENT VARIABLE (DV)– If __IV__ [I do this], then ___DV__ [this will happen]
HYPOTHESIS-VARIABLES Prior to writing your hypothesis, make sure you identify the variables first! Independent Variable (IV) is the factor tested – what you CHOOSE to changeDependent Variable (DV) is the factor that responds to change – what you MEASUREConstants (controlled variables) is keeping all other factors the same – DO NOT CHANGE
They hypothesis clearly states what you are changing (IV) and the outcome you predict will result (DV).
PRACTICE: HypothesisWhich prediction below is written correctly and testable?1. If I give my plants fertilizer, then they
will grow as big as my neighbor’s plants.
2. If I get lucky, then my plants will grow bigger.
3. My plants aren’t growing bigger because I don’t water them enough.
PRACTICE: Identify independent, dependent, and controlled variablesHypothesis: If green light is used, then plants will grow faster.
-kind of plants
-amount of water
-amount of light
-type of light
-growth of plant
-type of soil
Puzzle Example
Students of different ages were given the same jigsaw puzzle to put together. They were timed to see how long it took to finish the puzzle
Electromagnetic Example
An investigation was done with an electromagnetic system made from a battery and wire wrapped around a nail. Different sizes of nails were used. The number of paper clips the electromagnet could pick up was measured.
Egg Example
The higher the temperature of water, the faster an egg will boil.
Depth Example
The temperature of water was measured at different depths of a pond.
CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
EXPERIMENTAL GROUP– This is the group that is being tested.– Only 1 factor is tested at a time– Independent variable is tested/changed
CONTROL GROUP– This is the group that is NOT tested.– Independent variable is NOT changed– This group is compared to experimental
group
What is the effect of light on plant growth?
EXPERIMENTAL GROUPPlants that receive light.
CONTROL GROUPPlants that receive NO light.
Compare groups to answer question
Data AnalysisTitle: Describing the DataINDEPENDENT
VARIABLETrial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average
1.
2.
3.
4.
Conduct repeated trials increases the reliability of the data
Organize data in a data table. Calculate the Average and Graph the
averages to look for trends and relationships
CONCLUSION
Summarize your experiment AND explain if the data supports the hypothesis or not.
GRAPHING
Graphs Make Data Easier to Understand.
Cows 124
Chickens 450
Turkeys 388
Horses 56
Mules 110
Below is data without a graph.
Animals on the farmChickens
rule!
Data WITH A Graph.
Cows 124
Chickens
450
Turkeys 388
Horses 56
Mules 110
Animals on the farm
0
100
200
300
400
500
CowsChickensTurkeysHorsesMules
Graphing Data 1. Must have a titleRelated to data
2. Label the axis:X – independent
Y – dependent
Include units
3. Create a scaleCannot change
Spreads out data
Title: ___________
Y Axis = Dependent Variable
X Axis = Independent Variable
Graphs
Bar graphsBar graphs– Good for comparing
different sets of data.– Help us see
differences in data Line GraphsLine Graphs
– Good for showing change over time.
Examples:To show how many people like pepperoni pizza vs supreme pizza.To show how population grows over time.To compare how many people live in different cities.
Bar Graph Comparing a student’s
Grades
0102030405060708090
100
Math Reading Sci SS L. Arts
X axis
Y axis
Let’s Test Your Skills.
Class 3rd grade
4th grade 5th grade 6th grade
Number of minutes 25 30 35 45
At Elm Street School students have computer class once a week. The chart shows the number of minutes each class spends in the computer lab.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
3rd 4th 5th 6th
Elm
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
3rd 4th 5th 6th
Elm
Which is the most appropriate graph of the information shown in the chart?
Graph A Graph B
Metric Measurements
Mass vs Weight
Amount of matter in an object
Does NOT change with location (moon – Earth)
The SI unit for mas is Kg– SI (International
System of Units)
Measure of the force of gravity acting on an object
Changes with location (moon – Earth)
If gravity is greater, weight increases!
Volume, Mass, & Density MASS is the amount of matter… VOLUME is how much space matter takes
up. SI unit is L, mL, or cm3. Density can be describe as the amount of
matter in a given space – More dense = sink– Less dense = float
FORMULA FOR DENSITY:
Density = Mass / Volume