Unit 1 Great scientists. There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world....
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Transcript of Unit 1 Great scientists. There are some great scientific achievements that have changed the world....
There are some great scientific ac
hievements that have changed the w
orld. Can you name some of them?
Match the achievements with the
scientists below.
Galileo Galilei
Benjamin Franklin
Newton
Alexander Bell
Albert Einstein
the theory of falling objects
lightning
the law of gravity
telephone
Scientists Achievements
the theory of relativity
1. Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float?
B. Archimedes C. Thomas Edison
A. Charles Darwin
Archimedes (287-212 BC), an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist
2. Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed?
A. Marie Curie
C. Charles Darwin
B. Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin (1808-1882), British author of The Origin of Species
3. Who invented the first steam engine?
A. Thomas Newcomen
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729), British,improved the first steam pump and turnedit into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712
4. Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children?
A. Thomas Edison
C. ArchimedesB. Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Czech, developed ideas on heredity (遗传学 ) and inherited (继承 , 承传 ) characteristics
5. Who discovered radium?
C. Marie CurieB. NewtonA. Zhang Heng
Marie Curie (1867-1934), Polish and French, won two Nobel prizes
6. Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities?
A. Stephen Hawking
C. Thomas Edison
B. Archimedes
Thomas Edison (1847-1931), American inventor
7. Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people?
A. Gregor Mendel
C. Marie Curie
B. Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Italian
artist
8. Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground?
A. Sir Humphry Davy
C. FaradayB. Thomas Newcomen
Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829), British
9. Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened?
A. Charles Darwin
C. Watt B. Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng (78-139), Chinese, invented the first seismograph (地震仪)
10. Who put forward a theory about black holes?
A. Stephen Hawking
C. CopernicusB. Archimedes
Stephen Hawking (1942- ), British scientist, worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space
made a great contribution.made great achievements.succeeded in their scientific career.overcome many difficulties.
What makes a
scientist successful?
strong willimagination
creativitypatience
persistence
carefulness
curiosity…
Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific research?
Discuss in small groups the stages in setting out a new scientific idea.
What order would you put them in? Draw a conclusion Think of a method Collect results Make a question Find a problem Analyse the results Find supporting evidence
12
34
56
7
Infectious diseases can be spread to other people. They have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. People may be exposed to infectious diseases, so may animals. Bird flu, AIDS and SARS are infectious diseases. Infectious diseases are difficult to cure.
What do you know about infectious diseases?
What do you know about cholera?
Cholera is the illness caused by a bacterium
(细菌 ) called Vibrio cholerae(霍乱弧菌 ). It infe
cts people’s intestines (肠 ), causing diarrhea (腹泻 ), vomiting(呕吐 ) and leg cramps(痉挛 ).
The most common cause of cholera is by som
eone eating food or drinking water that has been
infected with the bacteria.
John Snow 约翰 .斯诺 (1813
~ 1858), 英国麻醉学家、流行病专家。他首次提出了预防霍乱的措施。 1854年 ,
伦敦霍乱流行 , 斯诺通过研究霍乱病死者的日常生活情况 ,
寻找到他们的共同行为模式 ,
发现了霍乱与饮用不洁水的关系 , 由于及时切断了二者的联系 , 有效制止了霍乱的流行。
What’s the main idea of the passage?A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B. The cause of cholera was polluted water.C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.
F. John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.G. He got interested in two theories.
D. He needed to prove the second theory was correct.
A. He found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.
Para. 1
Para. 2Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 6Para. 7
B. Polluted water carried the virus.
E. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.Para. 5
C. Cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.
Match the main idea with each paragraph.
Read the passage and number these events in the order that they happened.
John Snow began to test two theories.
An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
He announced that the water carried the disease.
John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
2
1
4
7John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.King Cholera was defeated.
He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
He had the handle removed from the water pump.
3
6
8
5
Para-
graph
Stages in an experiment
Example in this investigation
1Find a problem
2Make a question
3Think of a method
What caused cholera?
Which theory is correct?
Collect data on those who
were ill or died .
Fill in the blanks.
4Collect results
5Analyse results
6find supporting evidence
7Draw a conclusion
Plot information on a map to
find out where people died or
did not die.
Analyse the water to see if that
is the cause of the illness.
Find other evidence to support the analysis.
The water is to blame. The
source of all drinking water
should be examined so
that it is safe.
What should we pay attention to in our daily life in order not to get infected with cholera?
Heat the food left overnight
Cook raw food thoroughly
Wash hands often
Keep away from flies
choose fresh sea food
Keep the kitchen clean
Dispose rubbish properly.
Drink boiled water
Discussion
John Snow was a well-known ______ in
London in the _____ century. He wanted
to find the ______ of cholera in order
to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera
______ out, he began to gather
information.
doctor
19th
cause
defeat
broke
He _________ on a map where all the dead
people had lived and he found that many
people who had drunk the dirty water from
the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted
water carried cholera. He suggested that the
_______ of all water supply be __________ .
The water companies were _________ not to
people to polluted water any more.
Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated.
marked
pump
source examined
instructed
expose