1. 重点单词拼写1) She is 70 years old, and the skin has become l 　　　　 .

【答案】 loose

2) It is a 　　　　 idea to play football all day without a break.

【答案】 crazy

3) We usually use g 　　　　 , such as waving, nodding our heads, to talk

to people who is far away.

【答案】 gestures

4) To avoid this pollution disaster in the future, we should not i 　　　　it anymore and please try to pay more attention to our atmosphere.

【答案】 ignore

5) Thank you for your c 　　　　 about the matter of the hawkers in Tak

Tai Street.

【答案】 concern

6) The Smiths are tired of moving now and then and when they got to this

little town of California, they finally s 　　　　 down.

【答案】 settled

7) Most of the farmers in my hometown go out to work at dawn and get

back at d 　　　　 .

【答案】 dusk

8) Unlike the grown-ups, most of the t 　　　　 in middle schools are

more sensitive than rational.

【答案】 teenagers

9) Sorry, I’m not so sure. If you could give me some t 　　　　 , perhaps

I could know the answer.

【答案】 tips

10) “Oh, Sam, I’m only having you on. No need to be u 　　　　 .” said

Frodo.

【答案】 upset

2. 重点词词形变换1) It would be 　　　　 to demand of a person who is lack of power of

　　　　 to become a detective. That’s one of the 　　　　 why I

think he is more suitable to be a worker. (reason)

【答案】 unreasonable; reasoning; reasons

2) Joanna is quite angry that she was 　　　　 by the boss in this task.

But in fact I think if she thinks so, she is merely 　　　　 for she is

completely in 　　　　 of this task. (ignore)

【答案】 ignored; ignorant; ignorance

3) No man can imagine the 　　　　 he got when he lost the game. In fact

he was a 　　　　 . He had the ability to win, but he was forced to lose

the game. It was 　　　　 for him. (suffer)

【答案】 sufferings; sufferer; insufferable

4) All the members came to an 　　　　 that Kitty had an 　　　　voice and that only when she 　　　　 to, should we ask someone else

to represent our school to take part in the speech contest. (agree)

【答案】 agreement; agreeable; disagreed

5) The doctor asked the patient to be confident in his 　　　　 from the

disease, for this kind of disease is 　　　　 , and he was strong enough

to 　　　　 from it soon. (recover)

【答案】 recovery; recoverable; recover

6) The new-born baby was an 　　　　 to the family. “And it brings some

　　　　　 cost to the family.” 　　　　 the mother. (add)

【答案】 addition; additional; added

7) Though Tom and John are not very 　　　　 , they can 　　　　 in

sign language, which is a common method of 　　　　 between the

blind. (communicate)

【答案】 communicative; communicate; communication

8) Though Shella tried her best to win the praise of the master on 　　　 ,

she still failed it. She was so upset that she wandered in the street 　　 .

(purpose)

【答案】 purpose; purposelessly

9) As far as I’m 　　　 , the accident is no 　　　 of mine, but it

my friend. (concern)

【答案】 concerned; concern; concerns

10) The two 　　　　 claimed to be born in 　　　　 , and that they

knew no other language but 　　　　 . (German)

【答案】 Germans; Germany; German

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add up 　　　　　 把某物加起来

get sth done 让某事被做

calm down 安静下来；让某人安静下来

be concerned about 关心；担心

go through 经历；遭受；检查；讨论；被通过

set down 放下；记下；让某人下车

a series of 一系列

to do with 处理

on purpose 故意地；有目的地

at dusk 黄昏时

face to face 面对面

no longer 不再

take no notice of 不注意

1. 短语积累

suffer from 受某事之折磨

get tired of 对某事感到厌烦

have trouble with 做某事有麻烦

at the moment 目前；现在

get along with 与某人相处

fall in love with 爱上某人

make friends with 与某人交朋友

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中 1) When you 　　　　 these numbers, you will see how many points you

have got.

【答案】 add up

2) Although he is 20 years old now, he still 　　　　 living alone. He

even doesn’t know how to wash clothes.

【答案】 has trouble

3) Because he 　　　　 of what the teacher said, he didn’t know what he

should do.

【答案】 took no notice of

4) When John and his wife had some arguments, they would sit down

together and discuss the problem 　　　　 .

【答案】 face to face

5) Sorry. I didn’t mean to hurt you 　　　　 . I had wanted to throw at the

dog.

【答案】 on purpose

6) Our parents 　　　　 us all the time while we children seldom take

care of them.

【答案】 are concerned about

7) He was too scared and didn’t know what 　　　　 the accident.

【答案】 to do with

8) At the first sight the boy 　　　　 the pretty girl although he didn’t

know whether she loved him.

【答案】 fell in love with

9) You are 　　　　 a little baby. You must learn to look after yourself

now.

【答案】 no longer

10) I 　　　　 too much bad luck. I don’t care to have one more.

【答案】 have gone through返回单元菜单

1. But your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.

（ P1）

not...until…… “ …… ”句型： 直到 才 ，主句动词一般需要用短暂性动词，如： finish, hand in, die, go, begin等等。

【词汇网络】 not...until 可以变化为更加地道的英语句型：Not until...did/will sb do sth

It was/is not until...that sb did/will do sth

即时强化练习：用 not until 翻译下列句子，每句至少用三种句式。

1 ）直到我去到百货商店我才发现没带钱包。

【答案】 1) I didn’t find out that I forgot to bring my wallet until I got to

the department store.

Not until I got to the department store did I find out that I forgot to bring

my wallet.

It was not until I got to the department store that I found out I forgot to

bring my wallet.

2 ）直到她的先生消失在她的视线范围之外，她才痛哭失声。

【答案】 2) She didn’t burst out into tears until her husband went out of

sight.Not until her husband went out of sight did she burst out into tears. It was not until her husband went out of sight that she burst out into tears.

2. It /This/That is (was) the first/second/third/last time that... 某人第一（二，三，最后等）次做某事

在此句型中，若主句时态是一般现在时，即用 is ，以 that 引导的定语从句常用现在完成时态。若主句时态是一般过去时，即用 was ，以 that 引导的定语从句常用过去完成时态。

This is the first time that I have ever enjoyed this kind of food.

这是我第一次吃这种食品。It was the third time that he had been informed of the change of the

meeting.

这是他第三次被告知会议作了改变。即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 那已经是我第五次离开家到广州去学习。

【答案】 1) That was the fifth time that I had left for Guangzhou for

study. 2) 这是我第一次有机会跟你们面对面地交流。

【答案】 2) This is the first time that I have had the chance to talk with

you face to face.

1. Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.(P1)

calm v. & adj.

1) vt.使平静，使镇静

The nurse calmed the little boy by giving him some candy.

保育员给那小男孩一些糖果，使他安静了下来。

He took a deep breath to calm himself.

他深吸了一口气以使自己平静下来。

2) vi. 平静下来，镇静下来

The excited football fans calmed down at last.

激动的足球迷最终平静了下来。3) adj. （心境）平静的，镇静的，沉着的 ; ( 天气 ) 平静无风的；（时代）和平安宁的

The sea was calm after the storm.

经过这场风暴后，大海平静下来了。After the storm it became calm again.

暴风雨过后，天气又恢复了平静无风。He was calm when I told him the bad news.

当我告诉他这个坏消息时，他很平静。【词语辨析】 calm, quiet, still与 silent

calm 平静的，沉着的。指无风浪的或人心情不激动的。

quiet 平静的，安静的。指不吵闹的或心境不烦躁的。

still 静止的，不动的。指（人体等）不运动的。

silent 沉默的，缄口的，寂静的。指不讲话或没有声音的。

【拓展】 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来（既可作不及物动词短语也可作及物动词短语）The crying child soon calmed down.

哭闹的小孩不一会就安静下来了。

It was difficult to calm down the football fans.

要使足球迷们平静下来是有困难的。 ( 注意：前例句的 calm 是不及物动词，后例句的 calm 是及物动词。 )

2. Add up your score and see how many points you get.

add vt. & vi. 增加：添加；（数字等）加（起来）；补充说

Add more hot water, please. 请多加点热水。

If you add 4 to 3, you’ll get 7. 四加三得七。

Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。

I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result.

【派生词】 addition n. 增加，附加物； adder n. 「计」加法器

【词汇网络】与 add 有关的词组：add sth. to sth. 把……加到（进）……

add to(=increase) 增加

add up to 共计（无被动语态）；意味着，等于说

add sth. up/ together把……加起来，合计3. Tell your friend that you concern about him/her.

concern v. & n.

1) vt. to have sth. to do with or relate to 涉及，关系到（一般不用于被动时态）

This concerns the healthy growth of children deeply.

这事对孩子们的健康成长关系极大。

2) vt. 使担心（挂念），使忧虑（常用于被动语态）

We’re rather concerned about father’s health.

我们相当担心父亲的健康。3) n. 所关切的事，关心，担心，担忧

It’s no concern of mine. 这事与我无关。His mother’s only concern was how to make him study even harder.

他妈妈心里想的全是如何使他学习更刻苦。【词汇网络】有关 concern 的短语还有：

with concern 关切地show concern for sb. 对某人表示关心have no concern for 毫不关心as/so far as...be concerned 就……而言

of much concern 很重要，很有关系

of no concern 无关紧要，没有意义

it is no concern of mine/yours. 这不关我（你）的事。

be concerned about (for) 关心，挂念

We are all concerned for (about) her safety. 我们大家都担心着她的安全。我们需要注意，在这里从中文角度考虑，应该是主动，但是英语中却必须用被动，类似这样常用被动来表示中文的主动意义的词组还有：

be associated with 与……联合、联系 be attached to 附加于、隶属于……

be based on 以……为基础 be composed of 由……组成

be connected with 与……连结、连接 be divorced from 和某人离婚

be educated from 从学校等毕业 be employed in 从事于……

be engaged to 和某人订婚 be exposed to 暴露于……，面临于……

be faced with 面对……

be fed up 吃得过饱，对……极其厌倦

be honored with／ to be （ phr ．） 被授予……；因做……而感到荣幸

be involved in 卷入、陷入……；专心于 be married to 和某人结婚

be prepared to do sth 准备好了去做某事 be rooted in 扎根于……be set in 以……为背景 be used to＋ v－ ing（ phr ．）习惯于……be hidden in 藏在某地 be dressed in 穿着

be seated 坐在

另外还有表示情感情绪的动词，当表示“感到……”时，用过去分词，这类动词有：

amazed， amused,

annoyed， astonished， concerned， confused， delighted， disappo

inted， discouraged,

disgusted， distressed， excited， frightened， interested,

irritated， moved， pleased, puzzled， relieved， shocked， touched 。

4. It was the first time in a year and a half that I had seen the night face to

face. (P2)

face to face 面对面地，类似的“名词 + 介词 + 名词”的结构还有：

hand in hand ，手牵手地 arm in arm 手挽手地，

side by side 肩并肩地 mouth to mouth 嘴对嘴地

back to back 背靠背地，背对背地，一个接一个，连续地；

see eye to eye 看法完全相同，完全同意，面对面看着 ( 与 see连用 ) ； face to face 面对面地，当面地，对立地；

front to front 面对面地；

hand to hand 短兵相接地，逼近地，肉搏地；

head to head 头对头地，面对面地，促膝地，交头接耳地；

heart to heart 开诚布公地，心连心地，贴心地，推心置腹地，坦率地，诚恳地；

knee to knee 膝靠着膝地，促膝地；

man to man 个人对个人地，一对一地，人盯人地，私下地，坦率地，真诚地；

nose to nose 面对面地，迎面 ( 相遇 ) ；

shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地，齐心协力地，互助，一致，团结；

5. I stayed awake on purpose. (P2)

stay vi. & link v.

1) vi. 停留；逗留

The doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two

weeks.

医生告诉他，他还得在医院住两个星期。2) link v.保持，持续不变 (=keep)

How can you stay so cool and calm after such a hot argument?

这样一场激烈的争论过后，你怎么还能保持如此冷静沉着呢？【词汇网络】系动词的分类记忆：

“ 变化”类： become， turn, go, get, grow, fall, run, come

“感官”类： feel, smell, taste, look, sound

“显现”类： look, appear, seem

“状态”类： keep, stay, remain, stand, sit, prove

on purpose 故意地；有意地；有目的地

I don’t think he did it on purpose, for he is really a kind person.

我认为他不是故意这样做的，因为他真的是一个好人。on 在这里表示处于某种状态或在某个方位，类似的短语还有：

on board 乘（车 , 飞机） on call 听候召唤

on duty 值班 on earth 到底

on fire 着火 on foot 步行

on guard 在岗 on hire 雇用

on holiday 度假 on leave 休假

on one s knees 跪下 on one’s way 在……的路上

on purpose 故意 on sale 待售

on shore 在岸上 on time 准时

on the move 行动 on the other hand 另一方面

on the spot 当场 on the tip of one’s tongue 快要说出口 on top of 在……的顶部 on watch 值班

6. Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you. (P2)

reason n. & v.

1) n. 「 C, U 」原因，理由，动机，理性，理智

The reason why (that) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.

【提示】 reason 后的定语从句的引导词是关系副词 why 或 that ，也可以省略。

I have a good reason for doing that =I have a good reason to do that.

我那样做是有充分的理由的。

【提示】 reason 后的定语常是介词短语 for (doing) sth., 或不定式 to

do sth.

【词汇网络】① for this (that) reason 因为这个 / 那个原因

②by reason of由于，因为 2) vt. & vi.推理，推究，劝说

We reasoned that he was lying. 我们推断他在说谎。

Finally I reasoned him into /out of accepting the invitation.

最终我说服他接受（拒绝）邀请。

【词语辨析】 reason 与 cause

reason 侧重指做某事的理由； cause 指导致不良后果的起因。

——What’s the reason for your absence?

你为什么缺席？

——The reason for it is that the traffic was heavy.

我缺席的原因是交通拥挤。

The cause of the big fire was his carelessness.

大火的起因是他的粗心大意。【派生词】 reasonable adj. 合情合理的； reasonably adv. 合情合理地；reasoned adj. 合乎逻辑的

1. 重点单词拼写1) I have got three days’holidays I 　　　　 New Year’s Day.

【答案】 including

2) She’s busy at p 　　　　 and can’t speak to you.

【答案】 present

3) The captain c 　　　　 his army to attack the enemy at night.

【答案】 commanded

4) Don’t respond to any e-mails r 　　　　 personal information, no

matter how official they look.

【答案】 requesting

5) I r 　　　　 him as soon as he came in the room ， though I hadn’t

seen him for years.

【答案】 recognized

6) The new g 　　　　 is made up of ten officials.

【答案】 government

7) H 　　　　 difficult the task may be, we’ll fulfill it in time.

【答案】 However

8) It is I 　　　　 to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you.

【答案】 impolite

9) He was last seen heading in the d 　　　　 of Miami.

【答案】 direction

10) The original supermarkets were small by m 　　　　 standards.

【答案】 modern

2. 重点词词形变换 1) Everybody laughed, the teacher 　　　　 . (include)

【答案】 included

2) His 　　　　 in the team has caused a lot of argument. (include)

【答案】 inclusion

3) Do you like the films 　　　　 by Zhang Yimou?

He is a well-known Chinese 　　　　 . (direction)

【答案】 directed, director

4) The police only interview a child in the 　　　　 of an adult. (present)

【答案】 presence

5) We should study hard for the 　　　　 of China. (modern)

【答案】 modernization

6) These are the world’s leading industrial 　　　　 . (native)

【答案】 nations

7) Dean’s a really 　　　　 person to have around when things go wrong.

Only Jack is of great 　　　　 at that time.(use)

【答案】 useless, use

8) The bag is 　　　　— it has a hole in it. (use)

【答案】 useless

9) I’ve known Barbara for years ， since we were babies, 　　　 .

(actual)【答案】 actually

10) It was a period of 　　　　 population growth. (rapidly)

【答案】 rapid

play a role / part in 　　　 ……在 中起作用

be based on ……以 为依据

because of 因为

such as ……例如，像 这样的

come up 走近

the number of …… 的数量

a large number of 许多

make good full use of 充分利用

1. 短语积累

2. 用所给短语将下列句子译成英语

1) 运气在他的成功中起了重要作用。 (play an important part in)

【答案】 Luck played an important part / role in his success.

2) 这出戏以真实故事为基础，很有教育意义。 (be based on)

【答案】 The play, (which is) based on a true story, is very instructive.

3) 约翰没有出席会议，因为他病了。 (because of)

【答案】 John didn’t attend the meeting because of his illness.

4) 充分利用你所拥有的每一个机会练习讲英语。 (make good use

of)

【答案】Make good use of every chance (that) you have to practise

speaking English.

5) 今天缺席的学生有五人。 (the number of)

【答案】 The number of the students (who are) absent today is five.

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1.... than ever before 比以往任何时候

即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 受到老师激励，我比以往任何暑假都要更加努力工作。

2) 今年的冬天比以往任何时候都冷。

【答案】 1) Inspired by the teacher, I work harder than ever before.

2) This winter it is colder than ever before.

即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 他今天没有来上学，这是因为他病了。

2. This is because …… 这是因为……

2. This is because ……这是因为……

即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 他今天没有来上学，这是因为他病了。

2) 我不要求你按时完成 , 这是因为我不想给你太大压力。

【答案】 1) He is absent from school today. This is because he is ill.

2) I didn’t oblige you to finish it on time. This is because I didn’t want to

put too much pressure on you.

3. even if / even though... 即使，尽管

即时强化练习：翻译下面句子：

1) 即使你不喜欢他，也可客气一点。

2) 即使你不想去，你也应该告诉他一声。

【答案】 1) Even if you don’t like him, you can still be polite.

2) Even if you don’t want to go, you should tell him that.

1. They are called world Englishes and they include Canadian, British,

American and Indian English. （ P9 ）

include vt. 包括，包含The bill includes tax and service. 账单中包含了税金和服务费。

Your duties include checking the letters and sorting them out.

Ten students took part in the competition, including three girls.

Ten scientists, six women scientists included, were present at the meeting.

【重要提示】 including 一般位于名词或代词的前面， included则位于名词或代词的后面【词语辨析】 include / contain / hold

include 强调“包括，作为整体的一部分”，侧重范围或整体。

contain 着重“其中包含有”，指在一定范围或容器内容纳某物，侧重包含的内容或成分。

hold 指“能容纳”

The bok contains ten chapters, including American Literature.

This kind of fruit contains lots of vitamin C and B.

这种水果富含维生素 C 和 B 。The hall holds 200 people. 这个大厅能容纳 200人。2. World Englishes come from those countries where English plays an

important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule

or because of its special role as an international language.（ P9 ）

because of 是复合介词，表原因，意为“因为”，后接名词、代词、或宾语从句。

because 作连词，后跟句子。以原因状语从句形式表明主句的根本原因。

He was late not only because of his illness but also because he missed the

train.

【词汇网络】表示“由于”的短语还有：

thanks to “多亏，由于”，只能作状语

Thanks to your advice, much trouble was saved.

due to 可以作表语，状语，不可位于句首

The accident was due to the storm.

owing to 可以作状语或表语，作状语时常用逗号隔开，作表语相当于 due to.

Tom’s failing in the exam was owing to his carelessness

Owing to his careless driving, the accident occurred.

as a result of “由于”，作状语

on account of “因为”，作状语

3. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit?(P9)

come up 上来，过来；

A child came up to me and showed me the way to the station. ( 走近，上来 )

The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up. ( 升起 )

Your question came up at the meeting. ( 被提出讨论 )

【词汇网络】 come up with 想出（计划，答案）come out 出来，（花）开，出版；结果是

come about 发生

come across 偶然遇见

come along 一起来，一道走；进展；进步

come to 共计，达到

4. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and Asia, such

as South Africa, Singapore and Malaysia.(P10)

【词语辨析】 such as, for example

such as 意为“例如，诸如……之类的”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个。如果要把同类人或事物全部列举出来，用 that is或 namely 。

A lot of things can be recycled, such as waste paper, waste plastic bags,

and old batteries.

for example 举例说明，列举同类人或事物中的“一个”，作插入语，且用逗号隔开，可位于句首、句中或句末。Most boys in my class like physics. Tom, for example, shows a special

interest in it.

5. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.(P13)

such与 all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one 等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。There is no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费午餐之类的好事儿。 There are three such mistakes in your composition. 你的作文中有三个这样的错误。6. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.(P10)the number of... 表示“……的数量”a large number of 相当于 a good / great many或 many ，表示“许多的，大量的”其后跟可数名词的复数形式，不可跟不可数名词。如：The number of trees on the deserted mountain is over 200,000.在那片荒山上种植的树木数量已超过二十万棵。A great many (A number of) visitors come to the Palace Museum every year.每年有大量的游客故宫参观。

1. 重点单词拼写1) His paper will be published in the British Medical J 　　　　 next

month.

【答案】 Journal

2) We can’t 　　　　 goods in railways.

【答案】 transport

3) I knew you would be too s 　　　　 to listen to my advice.

【答案】 stubborn

4) I I 　　　　 that you go to the hospital immediately; you are very

ill.【答案】 insist

5) Are you doing the task in the p 　　　　 way?

【答案】 proper

6) The size of your feet d 　　　　 the size of your shoes.

【答案】 determines

7) What is you’re a 　　　　 to the idea, agree or disagree?

【答案】 attitude

8) He has a gift for language, and he is f 　　　　 with three languages.

【答案】 familiar

9) He broke the r 　　　　 in high jump in the Asian Games.

【答案】 record

10) I was very busy that day, but he p 　　　　 me to take part in the

party.【答案】 persuaded

2. 重点词词形变换1) The 　　　　 of live animals is forbidden. (transport)

【答案】 transportation/ transporting

2) They scored in the 　　　　 minute of the game. (finally)

【答案】 final

3) After a little gentle 　　 　 , Mr.Brown agreed to let us in.(persuade)

【答案】 persuasion

4) Her 　　　　　 to do well made her keep on studying. (determine)

【答案】 determination

5) The 　　　　 are all from China. (cycle)

【答案】 cyclists

6) The woman showed great 　　　　 in going into the burning building

to rescue the trapped child. (brave)

【答案】 bravery

7) The events have been the 　　　　 of conversation for weeks. (topic)

【答案】 topics

8) The young lady wanted to buy a pair of tennis 　　　　 . (short)

【答案】 shorts

9) Make sure the job is done 　　　　 .(proper)

【答案】 properly

10) The tourists were caught in the snowstorm in the 　　　　 area.

(Tibet)【答案】 Tibetant 返回单元菜单

keep a travel journal 　　　　　　 写旅游日记

see the world through one’s eyes 　　 透过眼睛看世界

agree to sth 　　　 同意

on the/one’s journey 　　　 在旅途中

as usual 　　　 照例；像往常一样

stay awake 　　　 保持清醒

keep asking sb. 　　　 不断问

one way fare 单程票

at an altitude of 5,000 meters 在海拔 5000米的地方

dream about/ of (doing) sth. 梦想做……graduate from college 大学毕业

persuade sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事 get sb.interested in doing sth. 使……对……感兴趣

1. 短语积累

care about 关心 ;考虑a determined look 坚决的表情change one’s mind / change one’s attitudechange our minds 改变想法make up one’s mindmake up our minds 决定give in 投降 ; 上交 give in to sb. / sth. ……屈服；同意 pass through 穿过 flow through ……流经 make camp 扎营put up the tent 支帐篷for one thing,... for another,... …… ……一方面 另一方面 familiar to sb. ……为 所熟悉in detail 详细地

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中1) She 　　　　 being famous one day.

【答案】 dreams about

2) The only thing he seems to 　　　　 is money.

【答案】 care about

3) O’Neil was 　　　　 to pressure from London to hurry the reform.

【答案】 giving in

4) How can we 　　　　 him 　　　　 politics?

【答案】 get, interested in

5) Kate didn’t want to buy that skirt. 　　　　　　 , it was very

expensive;

　　　　 its style was out of fashion.【答案】 For one thing, for another

1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River

from where it begins to where it ends.(P18)

此句包含英语中的强调句型： it + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who +

“ ”原句其余部分。要注意：被强调部分表示 人 的话，用 that/who,

其他情况下都用 that.

It was Jack who/that broke the window yesterday.

即时强化练习 :用强调句型翻译下面句子

1) 我是在那棵树下面捡到这只钱包的。

2) 是他把窗户的玻璃打破的吗？

3) 你是因为什么而没有参加会议的？

【答案】 1) It was under the tree that I picked up the wallet.

2) Was it he who/ that broke the glass of the window?

3) Why was it that you didn’t attend the meeting?

2. Are you working this evening?(P21)

此句用现在进行时 are working 来表示按计划进行的将来的动作。

I’m writng the composition at night.

即时强化练习：翻译下面句子

今天下午一位美国来宾将在礼堂举行一场英语讲座。

【答案】 An American guest is giving English lecture in the hall this

afternoon.

返回单元菜单

1. I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip.(P18)

dream about: 做梦；梦见

I dreamt about you last night.

dream of/about: 梦想，幻想

We dream of buying our own house.

【词汇网络】 dream away 虚度（光阴） dream up 虚构出

have a dream 做梦

2. When we graduated from college, we finally got the chance to do it.

(P18)

graduate from : ( 大学或中学 ) 毕业

Wang Ming graduated from Beijing University with a degree in law.

finally: adv. 最后，终于 final: adj. 最后的，决定性的 n.决赛

【词语辨析】 finally, at last, in the end， eventually

finally: 可以表示时间位置，相当于 at last / in the end; 还可以表示时间的先后顺序，如同 first(ly), second(ly), then, last 。

at last: 只指时间位置，强调经过周折、等待、耽误的“最后、终于”出现所期待的结果。

in the end / eventually: 只指时间位置，强调经过周折、等待、耽误的“最后、终于”出现所期待的结果（相当于 at last ）或者出现非期待的结果。3. Then she persuaded me to buy one.(P18)

persuade: vt. 说服 ; 信服 persuasion: n. 说服 persuasive: adj. 有说服力的

persuade sb. to do sth/ into doing sth. 说服某人干某事

persuade sb. not to do sth/ out of doing sth 说服某人别干某事

persuade sb. of sth. 使某人信服

I finally managed to persuade Mary to go out for a drink with me.

Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t really want.

He persuaded me not to go there. / He persuaded me out of going

there.

We finally persuaded Ben of the wisdom of this decision.

4....she insisted that we find the source of the river and begin our journey.

(P18)

insist: v. 坚持宣称 /认为（宾语从句的谓语用陈述语气）； 坚决要求，一定要（宾语从句的谓语用虚拟语气 should + v. ）

Mike insisted that he was right.

They insisted that everyone (should) come to the party.

【词汇网络】 insist on （ doing） sth. 坚持if you insist 如果你一定要这样

Her parents insisted on speaking to the headmistress.

He kept insisting on her innocence.

——Why don’t you call them up today?

——Oh, if you insist

【词语辨析】 insist on, stick to

前者表对“要求、意见、看法等”的“坚持”；后者表对“愿望、原则、决定、诺言或某种理论”的“坚持”5. She gave me a determined look-the kind that said she wouldn’t

change her mind. (P18 ）

1) determine: v. 确定；决定，支配；（官方）确定，规定

determination: n. 决心，（官方）决定

determined: adj.

determine to do sth. 决定做 .……

be determined to do sth. 有决心干……

We determined to leave at once.

I am determined to find out who is responsible for this.

Determined that his son would do well, Mr.Smith sent him to a private

school.

2) change one’s mind（ about ）改变主意 /决定

Try and get her to change her mind about coming with us.

【词汇网络】 make up one’s mind (to do sth.) 下定决心做……

be in two minds about 拿不定主意，犹豫不决

set one’s mind on (doing) sth. 下定决心要 做 ……

come to mind 突然想到

put one’s mind to 专心于……

keep one’s mind on 专心于……

keep / bear sth. in mind 记住……

bring / call sth. to mind 回想起……

1. 重点单词拼写1) Before the earthquake, you can notice that the wells have c in

them.

【答案】 cracks

2) Before the earthquake the chickens and even the pigs are too n to

eat.

【答案】 nervous

3) Two-thirds of the people died or were 　　　　（受伤） during the

earthquake.

【答案】 injured

4) Older students were having difficulty in studying and o themselves.

【答案】 organizing

5) A great part of the city was d 　　　　 in the earthquake.

【答案】 destroyed

6) I felt everything s 　　　　 during the earthquake so I couldn’t sit still.

【答案】 shaking

7) She c 　　　　 her face in her hands and cried loudly.

【答案】 covered

8) Seeing a baby crying in the burning house, the firemen r 　　　　 her

from the house.

【答案】 rescued

9) She is always healthy. Whenever I see her, she looks f 　　　　 .

【答案】 fresh

10) J 　　　　 from his appearance, the manager can’t be over 60.

【答案】 Judging

1) Whether the 　　　　 can be separated is not an international affair,

but a 　　　　 one. It is up to the 　　　　 people to decide. (nation)

【答案】 nation; national; national

2) Please wipe the 　　　　 off the table. The room looks 　　　　 with

the table. (dirt)

【答案】 dirt; dirty

3) Most people protect themselves from 　　　 　 to their self-esteem,

for they think if their self-esteem was 　　　 　 greatly, they will

feel.

(injure)

2. 重点词词形变换

【答案】 injury; injured; injured

4) 　　　　 from the result, the 　　　　 of the match must have

controlled the match quite well. Do you agree with my 　　　　 ?

(judge)

【答案】 Judging; judge; judgement

5) 　　　 can be found everywhere. Sometimes one’s hair

seems 　　 . Some 　　　　 equipment can be 　　　　 .

(electricity)【答案】 Electricity; electrified; electric; electrified

6) As 　　　　 , some 　　　　 were wounded when they were trying to

find out something of the government 　　　　 .(report)

【答案】 is reported; reporters; report

7) We visited the 　　　　 of Yuanmingyuan last summer. It 　　　　by the foreign invaders. Seeing the 　　　　 palace we feel very

pitiful. (ruin)

【答案】 ruins; was ruined; ruined

8) Taste and 　　　 are closely connected. If you can’t 　　 　the

food, you can’t taste it either. (smell)【答案】 smell; smell; smelly

9) The 　　　 felt happy that they were able to 　　　　 the accident

and joked that it was because of the 　　　　 of the fittest. (survive)

【答案】 survivors; survive; survival

10) We all felt 　　　　 to be invited to take the action and we promised

on our 　　　 that we would do it bravely, even if we died 　　　　 .

(honour)

【答案】 honoured; honour; honourably

shake hands with 　　　　 握手

as usual 像往常一样

break out 爆发

right away 马上；即刻

a number of 许多；大量

to the north of ……在 北面

put up 举起；张贴

be proud of 对……感到自豪 /骄傲

judging from ……根据 判断

be known as ……作为 而出名

come out of ……从 出来

too...to... ……太 而不

give out 用完；出故障；分发；宣布

1. 短语积累

be trapped under the ruins 陷在废墟下

instead of 代替

in honour of 纪念

tens of thousands of 几万 more than 超过；不仅仅

fall down 倒下

at an end 结束；终结

dig out 挖出；查明

wake up 醒来

in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中1) A terrible earthquake hit the city and in a few seconds the whole city

lay 　 　 .

2) It’s a custom 　　　　 others when they meet in China, while in Japan

they bow to each other.

【答案】 to shake hands with

【答案】 in ruins

3) 　　　　 following his father’s advice, Jack did just the opposite,

which made his father angry.

【答案】 Instead of

4) 　　　　 from his expression, he must have won a prize.

【答案】 Judging from

5) The whole class 　　　　 the boy student who won the first prize in

the English Contest, for he was the honor to their class.

6) The children were busy 　　　　 a tent and it would be completed

before dark.

【答案】 putting up

【答案】 are proud of

7) Meizhou 　　 the Capital of Hakaees, for there are most Hakaees

living there.

【答案】 is known as

8) The monument (纪念碑 ) was set up 　　　 those who died in the

terrible disaster.

【答案】 in honour of

9) The monitor helped the teacher 　　　 the graded test papers.

【答案】 give out

【答案】 woke up

10) The terrible shaking of the building 　　　　 all the people who were

sleeping.

1. What do you think may happen before an earthquake? (P25)

疑问词 + do you think/suppose + 陈述句语序的句子？

When do you think he will arrive here?

你认为他什么时候能到这里？即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 你认为是谁拿走了我的雨伞？

2) 你想我们什么时候来制定计划？

【答案】 1) Who do you think has taken my umbrella?

2) When do you think we should make our plan?

2. It seemed that the world was at an end! 似乎是世界末日！（ P26）It seems/appears/happens + that “从句 似乎 / ……”碰巧

=Sb/sth seem/appear/happen+to do sth 某人似乎 /碰巧要做某事。

Sb/sth seem/appear/happen+to be doing sth 某人似乎 /碰巧在做某事。

Sb/sth seem/appear/happen+to have done sth 某人似乎 /碰巧做过某事。

It seems that we will have a hard time. = We seem to have a hard time.

似乎我们将要过一段艰难的时光。

即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 似乎他从未思考过这样的问题。

【答案】 It seems that he has never thought about such a problem.

He seems not to have thought about such a problem.

2) 碰巧当时大家都在室外干活。

【答案】 It happened that all of us were working outdoors.

All of us happened to be working outdoors.

1. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. (P26)rise ：1) vi. 上升The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 起立；起床Knowing that she wouldn’t help, he rose and set off for home. 知道她不帮忙，他站起来回家了。增长The cost in supporting a family is rising quickly recently. 维持一个家庭的费用近来迅速地增加。2） n. 上升；上涨；升起 a rise in price 价格的上涨 give sb. a rise 给某人提工资 at the rise of the sun 日出之时

【词语辨析】 rise与 raise(1) 两者都可表示“升起”之意，这时 rise 是不及物动词，而 raise是及物动词。The price of meat has risen sharply lately. 最近肉价上涨很快。The butchers will raise the price of meat in a few weeks. 肉商几个星期内将提高肉价。 (2) 表示“起立、起床、增长”时只能用 rise 。Although very tired, when hearing the alarm, he rose from the bed quickly.虽然很累，当听到闹钟响起时，他迅速地从床上爬起来。 (3) 表示“饲养、提出”时要用 raise 。He is just the person who raised such a good plan. 正是他提出了这么好的计划。

2. Two thirds of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.

(P26)

injure 受伤；伤害

He was badly/seriously injured in the accident.

他在事故中严重受伤。

Drinking too much surely will injure one’s health.

喝太多酒当然会伤害到一个人的健康。injured adj. 受伤的

injury n.伤口；受伤处

【词语辨析】 injure: 受伤wound: 受伤（一般强调外伤）

harm: 意指无形的伤害，“对……有害”

hurt: （肉体或精神上的）伤害，强调疼痛

Don’t often listen to the loud music. It will harm your hearing.

In the modern war, not many soldiers were wounded or killed.

Your words really hurt him a lot.

He fell from the second floor and was badly injured /hurt.

3. In the farm yards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to

eat. (P26)

too...to... 太……以至不能……。例如： The boy is too weak to lift the heavy box ．

这男孩太虚弱，举不起那个重箱子。当 too...to...跟少数形容词（如 ready,glad,pleased,apt,willing,inclined，eager, easy, satisfied 等）搭配时，不定式无否定意义。例如：

He is too ready to promise ．他轻于许诺。 Beginners are too apt to make mistakes ．初学者极易出错。 He is too much inclined to give himself airs ．

他太喜欢装模作样了。需要注意的是， too... to... 的否定形式 not too... to... 的意思是“不是太……而不能”。 例如： He is not too young to dress himself ．他不是小得连衣服都不会穿。 It is never too late to learn ．活到老，学到老。too 还因此形成一类特殊而重要的用法，具体如下： cannot （或 can never） ... too... 表示“怎么……也不会过分”、“越……越好”的含义。如：

One can never be too careful in one’s work ．工作越细越好。One cannot be too careful in making the decision as it was such a critical

case ．

因为这是一个如此重要的问题，所以在做出决定时无论怎样谨慎都不过分。 You cannot praise the play too highly ．

这出戏你无论怎样称赞都不会过分。4. But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events,

went to bed as usual that night. (P26)

think little of 不重视；认为没价值

It is wrong to think little of everything. 对什么都不在乎是不对的。

She thought little of my work. 她不看重我的工作。

【词汇网络】类似词组：

think much of 认为某人很重要

think better of sb. 对某人印象好；看重某人

think better of sth. 改变……念头；打消主意

think highly of 看重；器重

think well of 重视

think little of 看轻；看不起

think poorly of 不放在眼里；轻视

think nothing of 轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起as usual 照例；和平常或习惯一样：

As usual, I slept late that Saturday morning.

和平时一样，那个星期六早晨我起得很迟

5.Sand now filled the wells instead of water. (P26)

instead adv

1) 替代；更换

If you cannot go, let him go instead.

如果你不能去，让他替你去。2) （与 of连用）代替

We’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.

我们将改在花园喝茶，而不在屋里喝。6. Describe your feelings about the city, which is known as the “Brave

City of China”. (P29)

1) be known as +身份 2) be known for... 因……出名

The area is known as a green tea producing places.

这个地方是以绿茶生产地而闻名的。The town is known for its fine park.

这个小镇以它精致漂亮的公园而闻名。3) be known by 根……而得知 A person is known by the company he keeps.

根据他经营的公司可知道他这个人。4) be known to 被某人所了解

It is known to all that theory comes from practice.

大家都知道理论来自实践。7. One other thing to remember. (P31)

one other : 应该注意限定词顺序 ,

数词

数词another

other

“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有 all、half、 both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如 :both my hands、 all half his income 等。8. An outline will prepare you to write a better story. (P31)

prepare

1) prepare “准备；预备；筹备；制作；配制”

①prepare + 名词或代词。例如：

He has prepared his lessons. 他已备好课了。

②prepare + 双宾语（间接宾语和直接宾语）。例如：

The secretary has prepared the president a long report.

= The secretary has prepared a long report for the president.

秘书已为董事长准备好了一份长篇报告稿。③prepare + 动词不定式短语。例如：

They are busy preparing to go on vacation.

他们正忙着准备去度假。④prepare + for （或 against ）引起的短语。例如：

The students are busy preparing for the mid-term examination.

学生们正忙于为期中考试作准备。The peasants are preparing against the drought.

农民们正在为抗干旱作准备。

2) prepare“ 使（人）作好准备；叫（人）作准备”：

①prepare + sb/oneself + for sth. 例如：

He was preparing himself for the marathon race then.

他当时正在为参加马拉松比赛而作准备。②prepare + sb/oneself + 动词不定式短语。例如：

He prepared himself to take out a license for a driver.

他为取得汽车驾驶执照作了准备。3) 过去分词 prepared 用于系表结构，意思为“为……做好准备；打算”：

①be prepared + for （或 against ）引起的短语。例如：

They were prepared for the worst.

他们已准备好应付最坏的情况。

② be prepared + 不定式短语。例如：

I am not prepared to listen to all your weak excuses.

我不愿听你那些不成借口的借口。

1. 重点单词拼写1) We should pay more attention to the q 　　　　 as well as the quantity.

【答案】 quality

2) He is always w 　　　　 to help anyone who is in t 　　　　 .

【答案】 willing, trouble

3) Whatever difficulty you meet, I hope you will never lose h .

【答案】 heart

4) Everything needs to be done according to a certain 　　　 (原则 ,原理 )【答案】 principle

5) People in Iraq are dreaming of living a p 　　　　 life, that is they

hope to live in p 　　　　 .

【答案】 peaceful, peace

6) The thief was caught and was s 　　　　 in p 　　　　 for 3 years.

【答案】 sentenced, prison

7) During the p 　　　 when I was in my university, I studied l 　 myself and became a l 　　　 after graduation.

【答案】 period, law, lawyer

8) The final examination is coming. Our teacher a 　　　　 us to go over

our lessons carefully.

【答案】 advises

9) If it c 　　　　 to rain for some days, the crops would be destroyed.

【答案】 continued

10) If he gets that 　　 　 (职位）， I think he can do it well.

【答案】 position

11) He received a sum of money, but he didn’t want to a 　　　　 it.

【答案】 accept

12) They don’t want to solve the problem with v 　　　　 . Instead, they

hope to solve it in a peaceful way.

【答案】 violence

13) In some countries, especially in some poor countries, women are not

really e 　　　　 to men.

【答案】 equal

14) If you feel cold while sleeping, you can add a b 　　　　 on your

quilt.【答案】 blanket

15) As a well-e 　　　　 person, it’s hard for us to imagine that she treat

the boy with such 　　　　 (残忍 ).

1) The pupils got to know that Liu Hulan was a 　　　 and died 　　and they were moved by her 　 　　 deeds. (hero)

【答案】 heroine; heroicly; heroic

2) They were so 　　　 that they cut the man into pieces 　　　　 . We

all felt sure that they would be punished by their 　　　　 . (cruel)

【答案】 cruel; cruelly; cruelty

3) He is really a man with many 　　 　 , but do you think you are

enough to do the work? (quality)

【答案】 qualities; qualified

【答案】 educated, cruelty

2. 重点词词形变换

5) 　　　　 pay for 　　　　 work. That’s our rule. If we can’t treat

every client 　　　　 , we will break the 　　　　 in our company.

(equal)【答案】 Equal; equal; equally; equality

6) We all enjoy the 　　　　 of the countryside, for we can live with the

nature 　　　　 and live a 　　　　 life there. (peace)

【答案】 peace; peacefully; peaceful

7) You are not allowed to commit any 　　　 　 , or you will become

a 　　　　 and be sentenced to prison for the 　　　　 act. (crime)

【答案】 crime; criminal; crime

4) Let him do what he 　　　　 . He is not 　　　　 to do that if it is

against his 　　　　 . (will)

【答案】 will; willing; will

9) If this proposal is 　　　　 to you, you must 　　　　 it. In this way

the proposal will meet with general 　　　　 . (accept)

【答案】 acceptable; accept; acceptance

10) She is always having the 　　　　 of snakes. She finds it 　　　　 to

come across a snake, which will 　　　　 her very much. (terror)

【答案】 terror; terrible; terrify

8) The big waves beat the coast 　 　 . The wind blew with

great , which caused a 　　　　 storm. (violence)

【答案】 violently; violence; violent

put...into prison 　　　　　　　　 ……把 投进监狱

in fact, as a matter of fact 　　　　 事实上

fight against 　　　　　　　　　 ……与 作斗争

come to power 　　　　　　　　 上台执政

break the law 　　　　　　　　　 违反法律

without pay 　　　　　　　　　 没有报酬

lose heart 　　　　　　　　 灰心；泄气

be active in 　　　　　　　　　 积极参加；活跃

be willing to do something 　　　 愿意做某事

be out of work 　　　　　　 失业

be stopped from doing something 　　 被阻止做某事

answer violence with violence 以暴制暴be in good health 健康良好

1. 短语积累

blow up 发脾气；爆炸

ask for 索取

be in trouble 处于麻烦中

die for ……为 而死

advise somebody to do something 建议某人干某事

in reward for ……作为 的回报

set up 建立

be sentenced to ……被判处

worry about ……为 担心

be free from ……免去 之苦

2. 从上面列举的短语中选择适当的，填入下面的空格中

1) Whatever great difficulty we meet, we’ll never 　　　　 .

【答案】 lose heart

2) If you can’t finish the work on time, you’ll be 　　　　 .

【答案】 in trouble

3) Your parents are 　　　　 you: do make a phone call to them.

【答案】 worrying about

4) She has been 　　　　 for a year and is looking forward to being in

work again.

【答案】 out of work

5) People expect to 　　　　 pollution and live in a pleasant environment.

【答案】 be free from

6) —— I thought you wouldn’t mind.

——Well, 　　　　 I don’t; but you should have asked me first.

【答案】 as a matter of fact

7) Several people were killed and many were hurt when a bomb 　　　 at

the busy street.

【答案】 blew up

8) As soon as he arrived in Paris, he 　　　　 for the wrongs his family

had done.

【答案】 was put in prison

9) As a Jew, Einstein was forced to leave his homeland after

Hitler 　　　 .【答案】 came to power

10) The government has 　　　　 a working party to look into the

problem of drug abuse.

【答案】 set up

11) He 　　　　 death because of killing someone on purpose.

12) The women workers should 　　　　 the men in pay since they do

the same work.

【答案】 be equal to

【答案】 was sentenced to

1. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our

rights and progress. (P34)

拟人用法：时间、地点 + see/eyewitness + 事件。1949 eyewitnessed the foundation of the People’s Republic of China.

即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 我们学校是 1993年成立的。

2) 在这个村庄曾经发生过一次灾难。

【答案】 1) 1993 saw the foundation of our school.

2) This village has ever seen a disaster.

2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. (P34)

Only+状语 +部分倒装句

Only in this way can we find the correct answer.

即时强化练习：翻译下列句子：

1) 只有当你遭遇过这样的事情后你才会相信。

2) 只有在这样的一个家庭你才有这样的好生活。

【答案】 1) Only after you’ve met with such a thing will you believe

it.

2) Only in such a family can you live such a happy life.

1. Will you help others with their work if they ask you? (P33)

help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

Would you please help me with my homework?

help 的其它用法：

1） help sb. (to) do sth. 　帮助某人做某事。 Can you help me to learn English? 　

2） help oneself （ to sth ）自用（食物等）；随便拿

Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼。 3） help sb. into/ out of 搀扶某人进入 / 走出。

He helped the patient out of the hospital.

他搀扶病人走出了医院。Can you help the patient into the hospital?

你能搀扶病人进医院吗？

4） help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 When I’m in trouble, he always helps me out with money. 　　 每当我处境困难时，他总是用金钱帮助我渡过难关。Please help me out with this problem. 请帮我解这道试题。5） help (to) do sth. 有助于做某事。

This program helps to improve our English.

这个计划有助于我们提高英语成绩。6） help 做不及物动词时常表示“有作用；有帮助”

Have you tried this way? Perhaps it will help.

你试过这个方法吗？或许回有用。【词汇网络】常用短语：

be of help to sb. 对某人有帮助

cannot help (doing) 不禁 , 忍不住 , 不得不

cannot help but 不能不 , 不得不 (I cannot help but be sorry. 我不能不感到遗憾。 )

cannot help oneself 情不自禁 ; 不能自制

come to sb.’s help 赶来帮助某人

with the help of 在……帮助下2. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble? (P33)

lose heart 表示“丧失信心”或“情绪低落”

lose one’s heart 是“爱上了”的意思。

Don’t lose heart； make another try ．不要灰心，再试一回。

After graduation he was sent to work in Tibet． Not long afterwards he

lost his heart to the people there ．

毕业之后他被派往西藏工作。不久他就爱上了那里的人。

【词汇网络】不用 one’s 的短语： “掉磅” lose weight

“增加体重” put on weight 或 gain weight

“丢面子” lose face ，

“ 失去优势” lose ground 。 要用 one’s 的短语：

“惊慌失措” lose one’s head ，

“ 发火” lose one’s temper ，

“迷路” lose one’s way 。3. He died for his ideas but his work was later used in the Bible. (P33)

die for 为某事而牺牲

He died heroically for national liberation 他为民族解放事业而英勇牺牲

He would rather die for his belief.

他宁愿为他的信仰而死。be dying for 很想

I am dying for a beer. 我真想喝杯啤酒。【词语辨析】 die of: “因（患）……而死”，后常接年老、疾病、情感、贫寒等内因的死。

die from: “由于……而死”，后常接灾祸、衰弱、负伤等外因。

die in: 死于战争、自然灾害

die by:死于暴力4. He fought for his country to be free from the UK. (P34)

1) free adj 意为“自由的”、“自发的”、“独立自主的”，有比较等级的变化 (freer, freest) ；表示“空闲的”、“空着的”、“免费的”等义，没有比较等级变化。如：

She believes that women should be freer.

她相信妇女应该更自由些。

He gets a free afternoon once a week.

他每周有一个下午空闲。

Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗 ? 2) be free to do sth 可以自由地做某事。如：

You are free to go or to stay. 要走要留悉听尊便。

Please feel free to ask questions. 有问题请随便问。3) be free 构成的短语：

be free with 对……随便。如：

be free of “免除……”或“无……的” 多用来指费用，如 charge/cost/expense

be free from “免除……”或“无……的”，多用来指一些不好的东西，如 pain/disease/fear/danger/error

4) 除用作形容词外，还可以用作动词 ( 意为：放走，解除 ) 或副词 ( 意为：免费地 ) 。如：

I freed the bird from the cage. 我把笼子里的鸟放了出去。

Children (are) admitted free. 儿童免费入场。【词语辨析】用作副词的 free 与 freely 不同。

前者指“免费”，后者指“无限制地”、“自由地”。试比较。如：

You can travel free with this special ticket.

你用这张特别的票可以免费旅行。

You can travel freely to all parts of the country.

你可以自由地到这个国家的各地旅行。5. It was in 1952 that he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black

people on their problems. (P34)

advise:

1) vt ，注意后接动名词 ( 不能直接跟不定式 ) 或不定式的复合结构：正： He advised leaving early. 他建议早点出发。正： He advised us to leave early. 他建议我们早点出发。误： He advised to leave early.

【注意】 advise 后接不定式复合结构时的被动语态形式 ( 不要与上面

第一个句型混为一谈 ) ：

He advised us to leave early. ( 主动式 )

→We were advised to leave early. ( 被动式 )

2) 后接 that 从句，通常要用虚拟语气 (should＋ v. ) ：

He advised that we (should) leave early.

他建议我们早点出发。 3) 相关短语

advise sb. of 把……报告［通知］某人

advise with sb. on/about sth. 同某人商量某事 , 就某事请教某人6. I was worried about whether I would be out of work. (P34)

out of work ：失业

【词汇网络】含有 out of 的短语：out of accord with 与……不一致；同……不协调out of action 失去作用，停止运动

out of all relation to 和……毫无关系 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of character 不相称，不适当

out of control 失去控制 out of date 过时

out of balance 失去平衡

out of doubt 确定无疑 out of fashion 不合于时尚out of gear 脱节，失调 out of harmony 不和谐

out of kindness 出于好意 out of necessity 出于必要

out of order 不整齐，次序颠倒 out of one’s power 力所不及

out of place 不适当，不相称 out of question 毫无疑问

out of the question 不可能，成问题 out of shape 变形

out of step 失调，不同步 out of sympathy with 出于对……的同情

out of touch with 与……脱离接触 out of true 不诚实，不准确

out of style 不合时宜out of 表示的意思很多，现将其用法归纳如下：

1) 表示地点 ( 从里向外 )

Fish can not live out of water ．鱼离开了水就不能活。2) 表示动作或运动的方向

As my car pulled out of the garage， I saw the gun pointing against the

car window ．

当我们把车开出车库时，我看见那支枪顶住了车窗玻璃。

3) 表示部分关系

This will happen in nine cases out of ten ． 这种情况十之八九会发生。4) 表示“在……范围以外”，“越出……界限之外”

The ship is out of sight ．船已看不见了。5) 表示“出于……动机”，“由于……原因”

The traffic accident was out of carelessness in driving ．

这起交通事故是由于粗心驾驶所致。6) 表示竭尽和缺乏

We are out of tea ．我们的茶叶用完了。This book is out of print ．这本书绝版了。That novel is out of stock ．那本小说脱销了。

7) 表示材料或来源

He made the box out of old planks ． 他用旧木板做了箱子。This paragraph is out of Marx’s works in the original ． 这一段引自马克思原著。8) 与某些动词连用，表示“放弃”；“丧失”

He talked his wife out of buying a new bicycle ． 他说服他的妻子不要买新自行车。I couldn’t persuade him out of the resolution ． 我没能说服他改变决心。7. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (P34)

reach a stage = come to a stage “ 到达某个阶段”

【词汇网络】 reach/come to a conclusion/an agreement/a decisioon/an end/8. As a matter of fact, I don’t like violence. (P34)as a matter of fact “ 事实上”，其他含有类似含义的词或短语：in (actual) factFor eight years she was in fact spying for the enemy. 八年来它实际上一直为敌人作间谍工作。as a matter of factI’m going there tomorrow, as a matter of fact.说实话 , 明天我要去那里。 actuallyActually, I am busy at the moment—can I phone you back?说是在的，我现在正忙着——我给你回电话行吗？in truthIt was in truth a miracle. 这确实是个奇迹。