unit 1 for issuu march 10 2012
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Transcript of unit 1 for issuu march 10 2012
Pe
rio
dic
Tab
le o
f th
e E
lem
en
ts2
01
1w
ww
.ch
em
istr
yad
ven
ture
.co
m
+1
Alk
ali
meta
ls
Alk
alin
eear
thm
eta
ls
+2
Tra
nsit
ion
meta
ls: 2
val
enc
e e
lect
rons
+3
+4,
-4-3
-2
-1
Noble
gas
es
hal
ogens
1H
hyd
rogen
1.0
1
11N
aso
diu
m
22
.99
12M
gm
agne
sium
24
.31
3Li
lith
ium
6.9
4
4B
eb
ery
lliu
m
9.0
1
19
K pot
assi
um
39
.10
20
Ca
calc
ium
40
.08
37
Rb
rub
idiu
m
85
.47
21S
csc
andiu
m4
4.9
6
22T
iti
tani
um4
7.9
0
23V
vana
diu
m5
0.9
4
24
Cr
chro
miu
m5
2.0
0
25
Mn
man
gan
ese
54
.94
26
Fe
iron
55
.85
38
Sr
stro
ntiu
m
87
.62
39
Yyt
triu
m
88
.91
40
Zr
zir
coni
um
91.
22
41 ni
obiu
m
92
.91
42
Mo
mol
ybdenu
m
95
.94
43T
cte
chne
tium
96
.91
44R
uru
theni
um
101.
07
55
Cs
cesi
um
132
.91
56
Ba
bar
ium
137
.33
71
Lu
Lut
eti
um
174
.97
72
Hf
haf
nium
178
.49
73
Ta
tant
alum
180
.95
74
Wtu
ngst
en
183
.85
75R
erh
eni
um
186
.21
76
Os
osm
ium
190
.20
87
Fr
fran
cium
22
3.0
2
88
Ra
radiu
m
22
6.0
2
103
Lr
law
renc
ium
26
2.1
1
104R
fru
therf
ordiu
m
26
1.11
105D
bdub
nium
26
2.1
1
106
Sg
seab
orgiu
m
26
3.1
2
107
Bh
boh
rium
26
4.1
2
108H
shas
sium
26
5.1
3
27
Co
cob
alt
58
.93
28
Ni
nick
el
58
.71
29C
uco
pper
63
.55
30
Zn
zin
c6
5.3
7
31G
agal
lium
69
.72
32G
egerm
aniu
m
72
.59
13A
lal
umin
um
26
.98
45
Rh
rhod
ium
102
.91
46
Pdpal
ladiu
m
106
.40
47
Ag
silv
er
107
.87
48
Cd
cadm
ium
112
.40
49
In
indiu
m
114
.82
50
Sn
tin
118
.69
33
As
arse
nic
74
.92
14S
isi
lico
n
28
.09
15P
phos
phor
us
30
.97
51
Sb
Ant
imon
y)
121.
75
77
Ir
irid
ium
192
.22
78
Ptpla
tinu
m
195
.09
79A
ugol
d19
6.9
7
80H
gm
erc
ury
20
0.5
9
81
Tl
thal
lium
20
4.3
7
82
Pb lead
20
7.1
9
83
Bi
bis
mut
h
20
8.9
8
109
Mt
Meit
neri
um
(26
8)
110D
sDarm
stadtium
(28
1)
111R
gro
ent
geni
um
(27
2)
112U
ubU
nunb
ium
(28
5)
113U
utun
untr
ium
(28
4)
114U
uqun
unqu
adiu
m
(28
9)
115U
upun
unpent
ium
(28
8)
5B
bor
on
10.8
1
6C
carb
on
12.0
1
7N
nitr
ogen
14.0
1
8O
oxyg
en
16.0
0
9F
fluo
rine
19.0
0
2
He
helium
4.0
0
10N
ene
on
20
.18
16S
sulf
ur
32
.07
17C
lch
lori
ne
35
.45
18A
rar
gon
39
.95
34
Se
sele
nium
78
.96
35
Br
79
.91
36
Kr
kry
pto
n
83
.80
52
Te
tellur
ium
127
.60
53
I iodin
e12
6.9
0
54
Xe
xeno
n
131.
30
84
Popol
oniu
m
(210
)
85
At
asta
tine
(210
)
86R
nra
don
(22
0)
116U
uhun
unhex
ium
(28
9)
117U
usun
unse
pti
um
(29
5)
118U
uoun
unoc
tium
(29
3)
57
La
lant
han
um
138
.91
58
Ce
ceri
um
140
.12
59
Prpr
aseod
ymiu
m
140
.91
60
Nd
neod
ymiu
m
144
.24
61
Pmpro
meth
ium
144
.91
62S
msa
mar
ium
150
.41
63
Eu
eur
opiu
m
151.
96
65
Tb
terb
ium
158
.92
89A
cac
tini
um
22
7.0
3
90
Th
thor
ium
23
2.0
4
91
Papr
otac
tini
um
23
1.0
4
92
Uur
aniu
m
23
8.0
3
93
Np
neptu
nium
23
7.0
5
94
Puplu
toni
um
24
4.0
6
95
Am
ameri
cium
24
3.0
6
96C
mcu
rium
(24
7)
66
Dy
dys
pro
sium
162
.50
67
Ho
Hol
miu
m
164
.93
68
Er
erb
ium
167
.26
69
Tm
thul
ium
168
.93
70
Yb
ytte
rbiu
m
173
.04
97
Bk
berk
elium
(24
9)
98
Cf
califo
rniu
m
(25
1)
99E
sein
stein
ium
(25
4)
100F
mfe
rmiu
m
25
7.1
0
101M
dm
end
ele
vium
(25
6)
102N
o
(25
4)
Nb
Ace
tate
CH
3C
O2
-B
isul
fite
HS
O3
-C
hlo
rite
ClO
2-
Hyd
roxid
e O
H-
Nit
rite
NO
2-
Phos
phid
e P
3-
Am
mon
ium
NH
4+
Bro
mid
e B
r-C
hro
mat
e C
rO4
2-
Hyp
ochlo
rite
ClO
-O
xid
e O
2-
Sul
fide S
2-
Bro
mid
e B
r-C
arbon
ate C
O3
2-
Cya
nide C
N-
Iod
ide I
-Pe
rchlo
rate
ClO
4-
Sul
fate
SO
42
-
Bic
arbon
ate H
CO
3-
Chlo
rate
ClO
3-
Dic
hro
mat
e C
r 2O
72
-N
itra
te N
O3
-Pe
rman
gana
te M
nO4
-T
hio
sulf
ate S
2O
32
-
Bis
ulfa
te H
SO
4-
Chlo
ride C
l-F
luor
ide F
-N
itri
de N
3-
Phos
phat
e P
O4
3-
com
mon
ani
ons
Mon
oval
ent
ca
tion
s:G
roup
1, A
g: +1
Gro
up 2
, Z
n: +
2G
roup
3, A
l: +
3
Gd
gad
olin
ium
157
.25
64
nob
elium
0
1s 2s
3s
4s
5s
6s
7s
3d
4d
5d
6d
4p
5p
6p
7p
3p
2p
4f
5f
Sym
bol
:S
olid
Liq
uid
Gas
Man
mad
e
nam
e
Ato
mic
mas
s
Ato
mic
nu
mber Sc
scan
diu
m
44
.96
21
Act
iniu
mA
c 2
27
.08
Alu
min
um
Al 2
6.9
8A
me
rici
um
Am
24
3.0
6A
nti
mo
ny
Sb 1
21
.75
A
rgo
nA
r 3
9.9
6A
rse
nic
As
74
.92
Ast
ati
ne
At
(21
0)
Ba
riu
mB
a 1
37
.33
Be
rke
lium
Bk
(24
9)
Be
rylli
um
Be
9.0
1B
ism
uth
Bi 2
08
.98
Bo
hri
um
Bh
26
4.1
2B
oro
nB
Bro
min
eB
r 7
9.9
1C
ad
miu
mC
d 1
12
.40
Ca
lciu
mC
a 4
0.0
8C
alif
orn
ium
Cf
(26
1)
Ca
rbo
nC
12
.01
Ce
riu
mC
e 1
40
.12
Ce
siu
mC
s 1
32
.91
Ch
lori
ne
Cl 3
5.4
5C
hro
miu
mC
r 5
2.0
0C
ob
alt
Co
58
.93
Co
pp
er
Cu
63
.55
C
uri
um
Cm
Da
rmst
ad
tiu
mD
s (2
81
)D
ub
niu
mD
b 2
62
.11
Dys
pro
siu
mD
y 1
62
.50
Ein
ste
iniu
mEs
25
2.0
8Er
biu
mEr
16
7.2
6Eu
rop
ium
Eu 1
51
.96
Ferm
ium
Fm 2
57
.10
Flu
ori
ne
F Fr
an
ciu
mFr
Ga
do
liniu
mG
dG
alli
um
Ga
Ge
rma
niu
mG
e1
9.0
0G
old
Au
19
6.9
7
Ha
fniu
mH
f 1
78
.49
Ha
ssiu
mH
s 2
65
.13
H
eliu
mH
e 4
.00
Ho
lmiu
mH
o 1
64
.93
Hyd
roge
nH
1.0
1In
diu
mIn
11
4.8
2Io
din
eI
12
6.9
0Ir
idiu
mIr
19
2.2
2Ir
on
Fe 5
5.8
5K
ryp
ton
Kr
83
.80
Lan
tha
nu
mLa
13
8.9
1La
wre
nci
um
Lr 2
62
.11
Lea
dP
b 2
07
.19
Lith
ium
Li 6
.94
Lute
tiu
mLu
17
5.0
0M
agn
esi
um
Mg
24
.31
Ma
nga
ne
seM
n 5
4.9
4
Me
itn
eri
um
Mt
26
8.1
4M
en
de
levi
um
Md
25
8.1
0
Me
rcu
ryH
g 2
00
.59
Mo
lyb
de
nu
mM
o 9
5.9
4N
eo
dym
ium
Nd
14
4.2
4N
eo
nN
e 2
0.1
8N
ep
tun
ium
Np
23
7.0
5N
icke
lNi 5
8.6
9N
iob
ium
Nb
92
.91
Nit
roge
nN
14
.01
No
be
lium
No
25
9.1
0O
smiu
mO
s 1
90
.23
Oxy
gen
O 1
6.0
0P
alla
diu
mP
d 1
06
.42
Ph
osp
ho
rus
P 3
0.9
7P
lati
nu
mP
t 1
95
.08
Plu
ton
ium
Pu
24
4.0
6P
olo
niu
mP
o 2
08
.98
Po
tass
ium
K 3
9.1
0P
rase
od
ymiu
mP
r 1
40
.91
Pro
me
thiu
mP
m 1
44
.91
Pro
tact
iniu
mP
a 2
31
.04
Ra
diu
mR
a 2
26
.03
Ra
do
nR
n 2
22
.02
Rh
en
ium
Re
18
6.2
1R
ho
diu
mR
h 1
02
.91
Ru
bid
ium
Rb
85
.47
Ru
the
niu
mR
u 1
01
.07
Ru
the
rfo
rdiu
mR
f 2
61
.11
Sam
ari
um
Sm 1
50
.36
Sca
nd
ium
Sc 4
4.9
6Se
ab
org
ium
Sg 2
66
.12
Sele
niu
mSe
78
.96
Silic
on
Si 2
8.0
9Si
lve
rA
g 1
07
.87
Sod
ium
Na
22
.99
Stro
nti
um
Sr 8
7.6
2Su
lfu
rS
32
.07
Ta
nta
lum
Ta
18
0.9
5T
ech
ne
tiu
mT
c 9
7.9
1T
ellu
riu
mT
6 1
27
.60
Te
rbiu
mT
b 1
58
.93
Th
alli
um
Tl 2
04
.38
Th
ori
um
Th
23
2.0
4T
hu
lium
Tm
16
8.9
3T
inSn
11
8.7
1T
ita
niu
mT
i 47
.87
Tu
ngs
ten
W 1
83
.84
Ura
niu
mU
23
8.0
3V
an
ad
ium
V 5
0.9
4X
en
on
Xe
13
1.2
9Y
tte
rbiu
mY
b 1
73
.04
Ytt
riu
mY
88
.91
Zin
cZn
65
.41
Zirc
on
ium
Zr 9
1.2
2
(and
NH
4+ )
meta
lno
nmeta
lm
eta
lloi
d
metal
nonmetal
1 va
lenc
eele
ctro
n2
val
enc
eele
ctro
ns
Val
enc
e e
lect
rons
:8
45
67
3
(H is
a no
nmeta
l)
bro
min
e
Gro
up 1
Gro
up 2
Gro
up 3
Gro
up 4
Gro
up 5
Gro
up 6
Gro
up 7
Gro
up 8
Gro
up 9
Gro
up 1
0G
roup
11
Gro
up 1
2
Gro
up 1
3G
roup
14
Gro
up 1
5G
roup
16
Gro
up 1
7
Gro
up 1
8
to 71 to 10
3
error x 100accepted value
B g A mol
B g x
A g
A molA x g
D
D D
D D D
D
D
D
D
D
D D
D D
° °
° °
1
4
Oh heck I know that
Controls:
StandardsFor comparison
O
HE
C
The 4-letter mnemonic for this simplified scientific method
all experiments need these: What is a positive control? Example:
What is a positive control? Example:
5
O OH
NH2
O O
O
O
NH
O
OH
O
alkenealkanealkyne ether alcohol
amine amide carboxylic acidaldehyde ketone ester
CC C
H
H
H
H
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
O
O OH
C
O
C
H
H
H
H
H
HH
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
NH
O
1. What is chemistry?
2. What is matter?
3. What is not matter? Give examples.
4. What do chemists do?
5. Where does chemistry fit in with the other branches of
science?
6. Name a branch of science more basic than chemistry.
7. List the branches of science from basic to applies.
8. What is our simple scientific method?
9. Give an example of a positive and negative control
10. What is a synonym for a negative control
11. Why are negative controls important for most drug studies?
12. Provide a positive control for an experiment designed to
produce bubble gum that blows big bubbles
13. How many bonds to the atoms C, N , H, and O form?
14. What is a useful mnemonic device for the bonding pattern of
hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon?
15. Who wrote The Skeptical Chymist?
16. What constitutes a reliable reference when writing a scientific
paper, and why?
17. Why is chemistry awesome?
18. Compare and explain the flammability of liquids to gases.
19. True or false: most combustion reactions produce water
20. What is the difference between a physical and a chemical
change?
21. Provide an example of a physical and a chemical change.
22. How could you identify methanol?
23. Provide a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of
isopropanol, C3H8O.
24. Provide two isomers of C3H8O by drawing their structural and
skeletal formulas
25. Draw an ether with the formula C3H8O.
26. Draw an amine, an alcohol, a carboxylic acid, an ester, and an
amide.
27. Provide the molecular formula, skeletal formula, and
functional groups present in leucine shown at right.
28. What organic functional groups are present in sodium chloride,
NaCl?
29. Explain what is implied by the wedges and hatches used in the
drawing of leucine. Does contain straight chains, branched
chains, or rings?
30. What happens to molecular formulas when double bonds and
rings are used?
31. Describe what you know about aristolochic acid, palytoxin,
and the kahalalides.
32. In the rock candy lab, sugar crystallizes, meaning it change
from being dissolved in a liquid to becoming a solid. Is
crystallization a physical or a chemical process?
33. Define density, viscosity, and solubility. What role, if any, do
these play when solutions are mixed?
34. Draw a molecule that has an aldehyde, an ether, and a amide in
it. Provide the molecular formula as well.
35. Be prepared to answer the essential question for this unit: what
is chemistry all about?
I’m sure you would all like to ace your first chemistry test. Here’s how:
1. Test yourself on the topics below to see what you know and don’t know.
2. Review this packet in its entirety. Be familiar with each of the topics that were covered in the powerpoint presentation.
3. Write down what you don’t know yet. If you don’t know something, ask a friend or ask me.
4. If you are missing anything it may be available on the class website: http://www.chemistryadventure.com