Unit 1 Chapters 1-4 Beginnings of Civilization 4 Million B.C. 200 B.C.
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Transcript of Unit 1 Chapters 1-4 Beginnings of Civilization 4 Million B.C. 200 B.C.
Unit 1
Chapters 1-4
Beginnings of Civilization
4 Million B.C. 200 B.C.
Objectives• Ancient vocabulary
• Agriculture
• Development of Civilization
–Elements of Civilization
• Egypt—Middle East—Persia
• Ancient India
• Ancient China
Pre-history
• Before written records• Fossil records
– Animal remains
• Artifacts– Man-made objects
• Carbon-14 dating– Extremely accurate
method of determining age of something once living
1
Neanderthals• Large brains
• Shorter
• Skulls shaped differently
• Died out 35,000 years ago
Cro-Magnon• Could pass for
modern human• If seen in Rolla,
wouldn’t look too different from anyone else
Prehistoric period—Stone Age
•Old Stone Age
•Paleolithic
•New Stone Age
•Neolithic
Paleolithic Era
• Nomads– Wanderers—no permanent settlements
• Fire• Tools
– Survival easier– Man had time to THINK!
• Language– Basic communication
• (Dad, can I have the car keys?)
• Religion– Belief in life after death
• Art– Cave paintings
Ice Ages
• 20,000 years ago• Polar ice caps grew, taking
water from oceans forming land bridges (Bering)
• Animals died • Humans adapted
– Fire, better shelters, heavy clothing, new foods
– Video: “Caveman”
Neolithic Era
Agriculture• Nomadic hunting unreliable
• Middle East
• Advantages–Steady source of food
–Easier to store (meat rotted, grain didn’t)
–Saferthe corn wouldn’t attack you
Development of Agriculture
Causes & Effects
Bronze Age• Copper
–first metal worked into tools–Too soft
• Bronze–Copper with tin–Weapons/tools with sharper
cutting edge–Demand greater trade
Achievements of the Neolithic Era
• Food supply more reliable• Population increased• Trade expanded• Settlements grew larger
cities
Beginnings of Civilization
• Mesopotamia– Tigris & Euphrates Rivers
• Egypt– Nile River
• India– Indus River
• China– Yellow River (Huang)
Elements of Civilization
Organized Government
• Makes & enforces laws to keep order, defense against enemies
• Exercises authority over an organized state, judges
• Plans, organizes, & directs large projects
• Standardizes money system
• Collects taxes
Organized Religion• Formalizes religious belief & offers
guidance in questions of life, death, spirit
• Selects clergy• Establish rituals & symbols, shrines &
sacred places• Keep gods happy to ensure survival• THEOCRACIES: the ruler is seen as a
god or a representative of the gods; laws are the god’s commandments (can’t be argued against)
Division of Labor
• Provides goods & services
• Enables people to develop specialized skills
• Trade & new technology
• Promotes system of social classes
Class Structure
• Defines a person’s place in society
• Reflects the distribution of wealth
System of Writing
• Provides a way to keep accurate records
• Serves as a way to pass on knowledge– including HISTORY