Plant Anatomy

Unit 1Chapter 6

Noteguide 1

The Importance of Plants

• Without plants, life on earth ______________ exist

• Plants are the ______________ source of ______________ for humans and animals

The Importance of Plants cont.

• Plants also:– Provide ______________ – Provide ______________ – Supply us with ______________ – Renew the air– ______________ down the wind– ______________ in place– Are a ______________ for wildlife– Furnish building materials and fuel

Parts of the Plant

• Most plants are made up of four basic parts:– ______________– ______________– ______________– ______________(these

later become fruit or seeds)

Roots

• Usually ______________ – not visible• Functions:– ______________ the plant and hold it ______________

*– ______________ water and minerals from the soil &

______________ them to the stem*– Store large quantities of ______________ *– Propagate or ______________ in some plants

* = essential to all plants

Roots on the Inside

• Very ______________ to a stem

• Older roots of shrubs & trees have:– Phloem on the outside

(old phloem is bark)– Cambium layer– Xylem (wood) on the

inside

• ______________– Carries manufactured food down to the root for food storage

• ______________– Carries water and minerals up to the stem

Roots on the Outside• ______________ from a

stem• On a stem, the ______________ initiates growth• On a root, the ______________ initiates growth• Root cap continuously

makes ______________ that protect the root as it pushes into the soil

Root External Structure• Behind the root cap are

______________ • Root hairs become

______________ that branch out as the root grows older

• Absorb ______________ and ______________ which are conducted up to the larger roots and the stem

Roots as Crops

• Cash crops– Carrots– Beets– Radishes– Sweet Potatoes

Root Propagation

• Plants with ______________

roots:– Dahlia– Peony– Sweet Potato

• Are propagated by ______________ the root clump or by rooting spouts from the root

Types of Root Systems

Fibrous Root System vs. Tap Root System

• Which root system is easier to transplant? Fibrous roots or tap roots?

• ___________________

• Why? • ___________________

___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

• If a root loses to many __________________while being transplanted, the plant will ________________.

• Larger roots only __________________ water, nutrients, and food

• Root hairs _________________ from the ground

Important “Root”words

• _____________________– All of the root parts of a single plant collectively

• _____________________ – First root sent from a germinating seed– Absorbs water and nutrients for growing seedling– Anchors seedling in the ground

• _____________________ – Small branches that form off of the primary root

Important “Root”words

• _____________________ – Group of cells at the end of a root that protect it

from the coarse soil as it pushes through to grow• _____________________ – Roots that begin growth from a stem or leaf– Commonly found on corn plants

• _____________________ – Plants that will produce roots at the base of the

stem when a cutting is taken

Important “Root”words

• _____________________ – Enlarged food-storage root with adventitious

shoots that develop– These shoots produce adventitious roots to

produce a new plant