Unit 1 Book four

Unit One

Leisure ActivitiesLeisure Activities

Unit OneUnit OneUnit OneUnit One

• Task 1: Leisure activities• Task 2: Laughter• Task 3: Humor

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Task 2

Task 3

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Leisure Activities— The variety of leisure activities

Leisure activities can help to relax. Work in groups to make a list of the things you do for fun in your leisure time. Choose 3 items as the most popular ones.

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doing some sports, going to Karaoke bars, playing cards, going to movies, watching TV, playing computer games, dancing, collecting stamps, collecting coins, going to the pub, traveling, listening to music, reading novels, going to a concert, going to theatres and museums, going shopping

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positive negative

Outdoor

activities

…… ……

Indoor

activities…… ……

Obviously people’s tastes vary depending on their personality and their age. Some may prefer outdoor activities, while others may choose indoor activities. Make a group of two and debate on them.

Leisure Activities— Outdoor Vs. Indoor Activities

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All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

只工作不玩耍，聪明杰克也变傻。

People who cannot find time for recreation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness.

找不出时间娱乐的人迟早会被迫找出时间生病。

Rest is sauce to labor.

休息是劳动的调味品。

Task 1Leisure Activities

— Sayings

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Laughter

－ Crosstalk

Cross-talk is very popular in China. You can listen to it everywhere. Its popularity lies in its humorous language, the performers’ quick wits, their funny gestures and their presentation skills. Another reason is that the subject of cross-talk is close to real life so that it resonates （共鸣） with the audience.

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Laughter

－ Crosstalk

Performance:

Find a partner and try to make up a piece of crosstalk in English. Perform it in the class. Choose 3 best groups to be the winners.

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Task 2 Laughter

－ The stand-up comic

Similar to our Chinese Crosstalk, Americans also have the stand-up comic or comedian, who stands alone in front of the audience and tells jokes to make audience burst into laughter. He does all kinds of accents, he can do jokes, he could be a stand-up comic. Watch the video clip and tell the difference between crosstalk and the stand-up comic talk show.

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Laughter

－ The stand-up comic

Task 2

Click to stop and click again to continue

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Humor

－ The Composition Class

Directions:

Listen to an English joke and tell where the humor lies in.

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Task 3 Humor

－ The Composition Class

The students in the composition class were assigned the task of writing an essay on " the most beautiful thing I ever saw." The student who, of all the members of the class seemed the least sensitive to beauty, handed in his paper first with astonishing speed. It was short and to the point. He had written: "The most beautiful thing I ever saw was too beautiful for words."

Script

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“A Bad Writing”

－ Father and Son

Directions:

Watch the flash carefully and try to tell the humorous story to your class.

幻灯放映后在画面上点右键选播放

Humor

• In-Class Reading

Entertaining Humor—What’s Funny?Entertaining Humor—What’s Funny?

Work in pairs to Work in pairs to answer the following questions.answer the following questions.

Several students enjoyed his joke so much that they fell out of their chairs laughing, but the rest of the students showed no interests and they looked as if he’d just read the weather report.

How did the students respond when the How did the students respond when the author told a joke in a class? author told a joke in a class?

SampleSampleSampleSample

Yes. Some animals have a sense of humor just as human beings do. For example, the author’s dog, Blitzen, used to tease the author’s mother-in-law by selectively carrying one of her bedroom slippers into the living room where Grandma sat in her favorite, comfortable chair. When Grandma got up from the chair to get the slipper from Blitzen, Blitzen would quickly jump into the chair, occupying grandma’s seat. Then he smiled at her, which seemed to mean that he had fooled Grandma again.

Do animals have a sense of humor? Can you Do animals have a sense of humor? Can you give an example?give an example?


What are the common types of humor What are the common types of humor mentioned in the text? Which types do you mentioned in the text? Which types do you like better?like better?


The most common types of humor mentioned in the text are: slap-stick, a play on words, puns and double-entendres. Of all these I personally prefer “slap-stick”, for the language is simple and direct. It often makes fun of another person and appeals to all ages and cultures.

Do you think humor is an important quality Do you think humor is an important quality for a person or a key to getting along with for a person or a key to getting along with others? Please explain your answer. others? Please explain your answer.


Yes. I think so. I like to be with humorous people because they can make me laugh when I am unhappy. They can change an awkward situation and help people get rid of embarrassment by making everybody laugh. With such people, life becomes more interesting and enjoyable. Therefore humorous people are like sunshine and are very popular with others.

Humor is universal, but Humor is universal, but people’s sense of people’s sense of humor varies. humor varies. (Para. 1-

3)

Even animals have a Even animals have a

sense of humor. The sense of humor. The

author’s dog is a author’s dog is a

good example. good example.

(Para. 4)

The typical three parts of a joke (Para. 5)

1)1) setupsetup2)2) bodybody3)3) punch linepunch line

Different forms of humor (Para. 6-12)

1)1) slap-stick slap-stick 2)2) Chinese cross-talkChinese cross-talk3)3) a play on wordsa play on words4)4) puns puns 5)5) double entendresdouble entendres

Humor will persist even though some Humor will persist even though some professional humorists think today’s humor is professional humorists think today’s humor is not very intelligent or sophisticated. not very intelligent or sophisticated. (Para. 13)(Para. 13)

语语法法训训练练


But, what is it that makes a story or a joke funny? (Line 2)(Line 2)

本句为强调句型的疑问句，用于强调句子中的主语。

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那么，到底是什么东西使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑呢？

Why is it thatWhy is it that several students in a class will fal several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke l out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report?read the weather report? (Line 10)(Line 10)



本句为强调句型的特殊疑问句，用于强调原因状语。句中 it 是形式主语， that 引导真实主语从句。句中的两个并列真实主语是 several students… 和 the rest of the students… 两个主语从句。 laughing after I tell a joke 是现在分词短语做伴随状语修饰 several students 。

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ExampleExampleExampleExample

为什么每次我有重要约会时，脸上都会冒出一个很大的青春痘呢？

Why is it that every time I have a hot date, I break out with a big zit on my face?

嗯……这个工作最让你感兴趣的方面是什么呢？

Hmm, what is it that interests you most about the job?

你上一次看见她是多久以前的事 ?

How long ago is it thatHow long ago is it that you last saw her you last saw her ？？

Why is it thatWhy is it that several students in a class will fal several students in a class will fall out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke l out of their chairs laughing after I tell a joke while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just while the rest of the students look as if I’ve just read the weather report?read the weather report? (Line 10)(Line 10)

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为什么听我讲完一个笑话后，班上有些学生会笑得前仰后合，而其他学生看上去就像刚听我读了天气预报一样呢？

句句型型应应用用


no less （ than ） :

quite as…as 和……一样，不少于，不亚于。


The joke is The joke is no lessno less funny funny because it is so often used.because it is so often used. (Line 49)(Line 49)


她和从前一样活跃。

She is She is no lessno less activeactive thanthan she used to be. she used to be.

一个动物 , 即使是一只小昆虫 ,对疼痛的敏感程度也不比人类少。

An animal, even a small insect, An animal, even a small insect, is is no less sensible to pain than no less sensible to pain than manman. .

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这个笑话并没有因为经常讲而变得不再那么好笑。

The joke is The joke is no lessno less funny because it is so often funny because it is so often

used.used. (Line 49)(Line 49)



How come: How did it happen ( that )

为非正式用语，用于询问，意思是“为什么？是怎么回事？”，并表示惊讶。


““How comeHow come you completely copied somebody you completely copied somebody

else’s homework?”else’s homework?” (Line 66)(Line 66)


他第一次去那儿时怎么没有人发现呢？

How come nobody found out the first time he went there?

没有自行车的广告，这是怎么回事？

How come there are no commercials for bicycles?

如果那是事实，为什么那么多聪明人会有笨孩子呢？

If that’s true, If that’s true, how comehow come so many smart people so many smart people have stupid children? have stupid children?

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你为什么一字不改地抄别人的作业？

““How comeHow come you completely copied somebody you completely copied somebody

else’s homework?”else’s homework?” (Line 66)(Line 66)

universal (adj.) (Line1, Para1) 1) relating to everyone in the world or everyone in a particular group or society 普遍的 , 全体的

Karaoke provides Karaoke provides universaluniversal entertainment. entertainment.

卡拉 OK 提供了大众化的娱乐。

TranslationTranslationTranslationTranslation

SARS and bird flu have once caused universal panic.

非典和禽流感曾经引起过普遍的恐慌。

2) true or suitable in every situation 通用的；万能的

a universal instrument 万能仪

a universal meter 通用电表

名词形式：universe 宇宙

humor (n.) (Line 4, Para. 2) (capacity to cause or feel) amusement 幽默；诙谐

请完成下面的句子。ExerciseExerciseExerciseExercise

中央电视台节目主持人李咏很有幽默感。CCTV’s host Li Yong ______________________.

他正在写一本幽默小说。

He is writing __________________.a novel full of humor

has a great sense of humor

词汇扩充词汇扩充词汇扩充词汇扩充

humorous (adj.) (Line 21, Para. 5) 幽默的humorless (adj.) (Line 19, Para. 3) 缺乏幽默感的humorist (n.) (Line 65, Para. 10) 幽默 (作 )家 , 有敏锐幽默感的人

请用 humorous, humorless 或 humorist填空。

ExerciseExerciseExerciseExercise

I think actor Guo Donglin is rather _________.humorous

We all view his father as a ________. humorist

Being _________ is unacceptable in the business Being _________ is unacceptable in the business talks with American people. talks with American people.

humorless

sense (n.) (Line 16, Para.3) 1) good practical understanding and judgment 见识；判断力；领悟（常与 of连用）

His father His father has a strong sense of has a strong sense of dutyduty. .

他的父亲是一个责任感很强的人。TranslationTranslationTranslationTranslation

在儿童时代就培养是非感是相当重要的。

Cultivating the moral sense in the childhood is quite important.

2) a way in which a person can know about the physical world, for example, through sight or hearing 官能；感官（如视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉及触觉）

That agent That agent has a keen sense of has a keen sense of hearinghearing. .

那位特工 (agent) 听觉敏锐。


As we know, dogs have a good sense of smell.

如我们所知，狗的嗅觉很灵敏。

sense (v.) (Line 94, Para.12) to have a feeling about something without being told directly 感觉到，觉察到，意识到

She She sensedsensed that her suggestions were unwelcome. that her suggestions were unwelcome.

她发觉自己的建议不受欢迎。


奥运冠军郭晶晶能够感受到一些记者的问题并不友好。

Olympic champion Guo Jingjing could sense that some reporters’ questions were not friendly.

trigger (Line 18, Para. 3) (v.) to start a chain of events; be the immediate cause of (sth. serious or violent) 触发，引发，为（某严重或暴力的事件的）直接原因


Kashmir issue incessantly _________________________ between India and Pakistan.

克什米尔问题不断激起印巴之间的武装冲突。

This incident may ___________________.

这一事件可能会引起连锁反应。

trigger a chain reaction

triggers (off) armed conflicts

(n.) lever for releasing a spring, esp. of a firearm (释放弹簧的 )扳柄； (枪的 )扳机；引爆器


James Bond _______________________________but failed in the end.

007试图伸手去够引爆器，但没有成功。

___________________ is made from a particular material.

那把手枪的扳机是由一种特殊材料制作的。

The trigger of that gun

tried to reach his hand for the trigger

focus (n.) (Line 21, Para. 3) point at which interests, tendencies, etc., meet 兴趣，趋势等的中心；焦点


Many scientists were trying to find _______________________. 很多科学家都在全力寻找震源。

Yao Ming’s wonderful performance in NBA enables him to become ______________________________. 姚明在 NBA 的精彩表现使得他成为篮球迷们关注的焦点。

the focus of basketball fans’

the focus of the

attention

earthquake

(vt & vi.) concentrate 集中；使集中于焦点

You should You should focus your mind focus your mind on workon work. .

你应该把精力放在工作上。TranslationTranslationTranslationTranslation

台湾当局应该更多地关注如何改善与祖国大陆的关系。

The Taiwan authority is supposed to focus more attention on how to improve its relationship with the Chinese mainland.

mutual (adj.) (Line 25, Para. 4) 1) shared by two people and directed towards each other (used of feeling) 相互的 , 彼此的 (指感情 )


__________________________ helped the players of the Chinese women’s volleyball team achieve

the victory in the final. 互相的支持和鼓励帮助中国女排的队员取得了决赛的胜利。

宽恕源于彼此的理解。Forgiveness is due to ___________________.mutual understanding

Mutual support and inspiration

2) shared by two or more people 共同的 , 共有的

Mutual effortsMutual efforts are the key to success. are the key to success.

共同的努力是成功的关键。


她们发现她们对蔡依林的歌有着共同的兴趣。

They found that they had a mutual interest in Jolin Tsai’s (Cai Yilin) songs.

tempt (v.) (Line 28, Para. 4) 1) to try to persuade someone to do something which maybe unwise or immoral 引诱 , 诱惑常用结构： be tempted to do sth. 某人被诱惑（诱骗）做某事


That old man was ___________________________________________________.

那个老人正在劝诱一些年轻人加入那个神秘的组织。

tempting some teenagers to join that mysterious organization

That boy _____________ become a thief.

那个男孩儿受人诱骗而成了一名小偷。was tempted to

2) try to persuade someone to do something by making it seem attractive

吸引 , ……引起的兴趣


The fine weather and beautiful scenery ____________________.

不错的天气和美丽的景色

吸引着我们到户外去。

tempted us to go outside

The enterprises and research institutes in Western

countries always________________________

with attractive salary and working conditions.

西方国家的企业和研究机构总是用优厚的薪水和优越的工作条件吸引中国的年轻人才。

tempt Chinese young talents

名词形式： temptation 诱惑物；有诱惑的东西


present (adj.) /’preznt/ (Line 36, Para. 5) 1) in a particular place at a

particular time 出席的；在场的


开幕式举行的时候你在场吗？

Were you present at the opening ceremony?

How many people were How many people were presentpresent at the meeting? at the meeting?

会议有多少人出席？

请掌握以下常见表达。

现政府 the present government the present government

在目前 at the present time (day)at the present time (day)

当前的形势 the present situation the present situation

现存的社会制度 the present social system the present social system

2) the time that is happening 现在的；现存的（做定语）

v. /pri’zent/(1) to give something to someone, esp. at an of

ficial ceremony 赠给；献给；呈递

The students The students presented flowerspresented flowers to their teacher. to their teacher.

学生们给老师献花。


她负责向委员会提出申请。

She is responsible for presenting the application to the committee.

(2) to be the cause of a problem or difficulty ( present sb with sth )

　引起问题或困难

利息下降利息下降给公司带来了一个新问题给公司带来了一个新问题。。

Falling interests rates present the firm with a new problem.


那位关键队员的突然受伤让主教练感到非常头疼。

That key player’s sudden injury presented the head coach with a big headache.

(n.) /’preznt/ gift 礼物；赠品

technique (Line 43, Para. 7) (n.) (a) skill in doing something practical, artistic, or connected with sport 技巧，方法


If you want to learn to paint, I suggest you study Raphael’s techniques.

如果你想学习绘画的话，我建议你去学习拉菲尔如果你想学习绘画的话，我建议你去学习拉菲尔的的绘画技巧绘画技巧。。

她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的她请新钢琴老师协助提高自己的演奏技巧演奏技巧。。

She is working with her new piano teacher to improve her technique.

词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析词义辨析

technology (n.) the branch of knowledge or activity dealing with scientific and industrial methods and their practical use in industry （科学和工业的技术）

chemical technology 化学工艺学

science and technology science and technology 科学和技术

the manned space technology the manned space technology 载人航天技术


value (n.) (Line 51, Para. 7) 1) regard highly; have a high 　　　　 opinion of 看重；重视


对于健康和财富，你更看重哪一个？ Which do you value most, wealth or health?

I’ve always I’ve always valuedvalued your friendship/their your friendship/their suggestions.suggestions.

我很我很珍惜珍惜你的友情你的友情 // 重视他们的建议。重视他们的建议。

(2) to calculate how much money something is worth 估……的价格；评价

The necklace The necklace has been has been valued atvalued at $8000. $8000.

这条项链被估价为 8000美元。


If you want to sell your car you ought to have it valued.

如果你想卖掉你的汽车，你应该找人为它估个价。


valueless (adj.) without value; worthless 无价值的；无用的

valuable (adj.) of great value, worth or use 有很大价值的；贵重的；很有用的

invaluable (adj.) of value too high to be measured 价值高到无法估量的；无价的


Her words proved __________ for me to complete

my task successfully.

invaluable

The metal looked like gold, The metal looked like gold,

but in fact it was _________.but in fact it was _________.valueless

Talking with him is a waste of my ________ time. Talking with him is a waste of my ________ time. valuable

请用 valueless , valuable 或 invaluable 填空。

variation (n.) (Line 87, Para. 12) a change in degree, amount, or quantity 变更 , 变化 , 变异 , 变种


我们必须密切注意速度的变化。

We must keep a close watch We must keep a close watch at the at the variationsvariations in speed. in speed.

澳大利亚英语实际上是英国英语的一个变种。

The Australian English is actually one of the variations of the British English.

variety (n.) difference in quantity, type, or character 多样化，指一类当中的多样或多种（常用结构 a variety

of=various 各种各样的；种种）

我们应该尽量我们应该尽量使使我们的表演我们的表演变得丰富多彩变得丰富多彩。。 We should try to give variety to our performance.


在那个展览会上可以看到各种各样的钻石制品。

A variety of diamond products can be seen at the exhibition.


variable (n.) something that can vary in quantity or size 变数 , 可变物 , 变量

由于诸多由于诸多变数变数的存在，很难预测选举的结果。的存在，很难预测选举的结果。

There are too many There are too many variablesvariables to predict the result to predict the result of the election. of the election.


比赛的胜利依赖于包括天气在内的很多因素。

The victory of the match depends on a number of variables, such as the weather.


The result of the match

relies on lots of ________.

variables

There was a _______ of There was a _______ of

dishes on the menu.dishes on the menu.

variety

The ________ of temperature today is 10 degrees. The ________ of temperature today is 10 degrees. variation

请用 variation , variety 或 variable 填空。

clarification (n.) (Line 95, Para. 12) added information to make something easier to understand 澄清；阐明


They asked for ________________ of the statements of the company.

他们要求得到关于公司声明的进一步的解释。

further clarification

That newspaper _________________ of the incorrect statements about the effect of that medicine on its front page. 那家报纸在其头版澄清了对于那种药效的错误的声明。

printed clarifications

clarify (v.) make something easier to understand by explaining it more fully 澄清；阐明；使……明白

It is the policemen’s responsibility to It is the policemen’s responsibility to clarify clarify mattersmatters. .

澄清真相澄清真相是警察的责任。是警察的责任。


You are supposed to clarify your stand at the meeting.

你必须在会上阐明自己的立场。

persist (vi.) (Line 102, Para. 13) to continue to exist; last 继续存在

高山顶上，积雪高山顶上，积雪终年不化终年不化。。

On the top of very high On the top of very high mountains snow mountains snow persists persists throughout a yearthroughout a year..


雾还有几天才能散，所以提醒司机谨慎驾驶。

Fog will persist for several days, so drivers are warned to be careful.

(2) (-in) to continue doing something with determination in spite of opposition

　坚持；执意


如果你的弟弟继续制造麻烦，公司就不得不解雇他。If your brother ______________________, the company may have to dismiss him.

persists in causing trouble

The US president George. W. Bush __________________________ to Iraq.

美国总统布什坚持派更多军队前往伊拉克。

persists in sending more troops

persistence (n.) persisting or being persistent 坚持；固执；持续；存留

他表现出很大的他表现出很大的毅力毅力，最终他们不得不给了他那份，最终他们不得不给了他那份工作。工作。

He showed such He showed such persistencepersistence that they finally had to that they finally had to give him a job. give him a job.


他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他他们终于同意继续谈判，这是他坚持不懈坚持不懈的结果。的结果。

His persistence was rewarded when they finally agreed to resume discussions.

形容词形式： persistentadj. persisting, continuing, occurring again and again 坚持的；固执的；持续的；一再发生的


insist 和　 persist“ ”这两个动词短语都有坚持的意思，它们之间的区

别是：

1） insist“ ” “ ”坚决主张或要求，指坚持自己的观点不容拒绝或反对；（如果后接宾语从句要用虚拟语气）　 persist “则指不顾别人的劝告、反对、或不 ” “ ”畏困难继续做某事和继续存在的意思。

2 ）后边搭配的介词不同 (insist on; persist in)


The cold weather will _______ for the rest of the

week.

persist

She always _________ the importance of being She always _________ the importance of being

punctualpunctual ((严格守时的，准时的严格守时的，准时的 ))..

insists on

I _______ he come with us. I _______ he come with us. insisted

请用 insist 或 persist 填空。

Mary __________ singing although her friends Mary __________ singing although her friends

asked her not to. asked her not to.

persisted in

1) Blame sb. for sth. 埋怨You can hardly blame Peter for being angry with her.

2) To be blame 该怪 You are not to blame for what happened.

3) Blame sth. On sb. 把…怪在…头上

It’s not much use blaming our defeat on the weather.

4) Only have yourself to blame : 怪自己

If he fails his exams, he’ll only have himself to blame.

blameblame

It has been a labor of love.

I fooled you again.

Some people have a better sense of humor than others just as some people have more musical talent.

这出于自己的喜好。

你又上了我的当。

有些人比别人更有幽默感，就像有些人更有音乐天赋一样。

It appeals to all ages and all cultures.

它广为不同年龄和不同文化背景的人所喜爱。

Nearly every comedian has used the following joke in one form or another.

Cross-talk can be heard anywhere from small village stages to the largest Beijing theaters, and to radio and television.

几乎每一位滑稽说笑演员都以这样或那样的方式讲过下面这个笑话。

无论是在乡村的舞台上，还是在北京最大的剧院里，或是在广播、电视上，随处都能听到相声。

Ding Cong is a master of word play.

丁聪是位调皮话大师。

I don’t think humor is to be blamed for that.

我认为这不是幽默的过错。

处理英语长句的翻译技巧处理英语长句的翻译技巧– 注意英语长句的特点注意英语长句的特点– 注意汉语长句的特点注意汉语长句的特点– 翻译英语长句的步骤分析翻译英语长句的步骤分析 ------ 前提与原则前提与原则– 翻译英语长句的步骤安排翻译英语长句的步骤安排

处理英语长句的翻译技巧注意英语长句的特点

由于连词、冠词、介词等功能词的作用以及各种非谓语动词、谓语动词和代表不同逻辑关系的从句等结构形式的存在，使英语长句的特点表现为修饰语多，联合成份多，结构复杂，但是表达效果条理清晰，脉络分明。例如：

We are faced with a choice between using technology to provide and fulfill needs which have been regarded as unnecessary or, on the other hand, using technology to reduce the number of hours of work which a man must do in order to earn a given standard of living.

我们面临着一种选择：要么利用技术来提供并满足一直被视为并无必要的各种需求，要么利用技术来缩短人们为了维持一定的生活水准而必须工作的时数。

注意汉语长句的特点汉语长句字数较多，结构较复杂，含有多层意思。但是由于倾向于短句的使用，所以通过合理的安排，在表达效果上也能做到层次清楚，含义清晰，语气连贯。例如：

你们将要进行考察的这座城市，曾经是闻名世界的四大文明古城之一。摆在你们面前的印刷品，会使你们对该城市有个基本概念：它如何形成；从初具雏形它就带着何种与生俱来的发展趋势；而这些趋势又如何使它在建筑风格上形成今天这种格局。 You will have a general idea from the handout which you have in front of you of how this city originated, which had once been one of the world’s four famous civilized cities and into which an investigation is going to be made; of what developmental trends were built into it, as it were, from the very outset; and of how these trends have made what it is today in its architectural style.

翻译英语长句的步骤分析 --- 前提与原则英译汉长句之间的转换在于分清原文的句子结构和所表达的概念、关系与功能。根据具体的分析结果，结合汉语表达的句式、关键连词与合理的逻辑顺序，通过一定的翻译技巧将原文译出。

分清主次：重点在于找准简单句的主干、并列句的侧重点及复合句的关系性质。

把握语态：将英语被动句译成汉语被动句。

遵循英语长句翻译的两个分析原则 :

翻译英语长句的步骤安排1.紧缩主干 2. 区分主从 3. 辨析词义

4. 分清层次 5. 调整搭配 6. 润饰选词

以下介绍几种常见的翻译技巧，但是由于翻译长句是一种难度较高的综合技能，因此在实际翻译过程中，往往几种方式同时使用。

1.顺译分段法 2. 拆译法 3. 倒置法 4. 插入法 5. 重组法

在以后的单元里将对这几种方法进行详细的介绍。

写作实践• 例文 : How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time• 相关链接

Writing Activities

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time. In your composition, you should use at least

six words or phrases from the box below:

leisure activities popularity personality

gender pursuing entertaining relaxation

limited take one’s mind away

appeal to bury one’s head in piles of books

Writing Activities

How College Students Spend Their Leisure Time

When we take a look at leisure activities of college students, we find the popularity of pastimes varies according to personality, gender, and financial situations. Some students like to spend their leisure time pursuing their hobbies indoors. Others look for outdoor relaxation, even taking part in such adventurous activities as rock climbing or bungee jumping.

Writing Activities

Generally speaking, male students are fond of participating in sports, playing computer games, surfing on the Internet, and watching kung-fu movies, while female students love chit-chatting, shopping, watching soap opera, and knitting （编织） . If they can afford it, some students will go to pop stars’ concerts, take picnic, or invite some friends over for a dinner or a party.

Writing Activities

All these activities are entertaining and appealing to students because of their curiosities and their desires to escape from the limited world of the classroom. As a form of relaxation, leisure activities take their mind away from academic pressure. As an

English proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.” After recreational activities, students usually will feel relaxed, more refreshed, and ready to start stressful school work.

Writing Activities

However, for some students, learning is a full-time job, and they even invest their leisure time studying. They like to bury their heads in piles of books, ignoring everything else. They have a sense of achievement from reading novels, working on papers, preparing for tough tests such as the Graduate Entrance Exam, GRE, TOEFL, GMAT or IELTS. Though these students have no time for entertainment, they believe spending leisure time studying is a pleasure of mind.

Writing Activities

I. [ TOEFL 作文题目 ] Directions: You will have thirty minutes to plan and write an essay on the topic given below. Use the first few minutes to read the topic carefully and think about what kind of essay you will write. You may use the space immediately below the essay topic to make notes. Write your essay on the lined pages that follow. You will have enough space if you write on every line and keep your handwriting to a reasonable size. Some students participate in school activities such as clubs and sports. Other students do not take part in such activities because they spend more time on their studies. Tell why you think the two groups of students spend their time differently? Which type of students do you prefer to be?

Writing Activities

II. [ IELTS 作文题目 ]

You should spend no more than 40 minutes on this task.

In the United Kingdom some parents have decided not to have a television in their home. They believe it can encourage their children to use the leisure time more creatively. You should write at least 250 words.

You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience to support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.

Writing Activities

III. [ GRE 作文题目 ] The following is a memo from the principal of Academia High School. “Academia High School should abolish its after-school performing-arts programs and replace them with computer-technology programs. When nearby Techno High School did so last year, total enrollment in all of its after-school activities remained about the same. Moreover, on entering college, many Techno students chose a major directly related to their after-school activities. On the other hand, last year only 10 percent of Academia's graduating seniors chose performing arts as their major field of study in their first year of college, clearly indicating that most students do not have a strong interest in the performing arts.”

Thanks for Your Attention!Thanks for Your Attention!

Study Project • Group work: Week-long Holiday Project

With the coming week-long holiday, the College Student Union is offering grants up to 2,000 yuan for students’ participation in any feasible projects that will use their academic knowledge and bring certain kinds of profit. Students are encouraged to apply for the grants in groups of 5. Discuss with your group members about your plan and come up with a written application letter which should include at least

1) name of your project; 2) People involved and their responsibilities; 3) project target; 4) research methods and steps; 5) budget; 6) further actions.

With the coming week-long holiday, the College Student Union is offering grants up to 2,000 yuan for students’ participation in any feasible projects that will use their academic knowledge and bring certain kinds of profit. Students are encouraged to apply for the grants in groups of 5. Discuss with your group members about your plan and come up with a written application letter which should include at least

1) name of your project; 2) People involved and their responsibilities; 3) project target; 4) research methods and steps; 5) budget; 6) further actions. Evaluation CriteriaEvaluation Criteria

研究项目说明 :研究项目说明 :

Sample projectSample project

Study Project :Sample Application Letter• Project Name: Dandelion( 蒲公英 )• People : David Project Manager Overall charge• Mary Researcher Questionnaire designer• James Researcher Public relations• Cheryl Computer technician Data management• John Treasurer Financial management• Project Target: Find new customers and raise the sales volume

of New College English• Research methods and steps:• 1) Design questionnaires and interview 1,000 office workers and other pe

ople who are studying English by themselves;

• 2) Check the interview results and decide the potential customers.• 3) Organize events in public libraries demonstrating features of the book • for those potential customers;• 4) Provide demo classes.

Study Project :Sample Application LetterBudget: 500yuan stationery

400yuan photocopies of questionnaire

700yuan rent for public events

400yuan public relations

Further actions: If we successfully get the grants, we will organize campus tours and classroom demonstrations of the use of New

College English. The potential customers will have opportunities to attend the class and use its online courseware which will be available to all users of New College English. We will hold Q&A meetings regularly with experienced English teachers and answer any questions our users may have during their self-study.

• The score10 on the group work project will be based on the following criteria:

Evaluation CriteriaEvaluation Criteria

rank Language(4) Logic (3) collaboration

(3)A(8-10) Good command of

English without serious errors

Well-organized article Every member has a shared job to do

B(5-7) Acceptable Language with a few mistakes

understandable Not everyone gets

Involved in it.

C(1-4) With serious errors Sometimes lead to misunderstanding

Not everyone gets

Involved in it.

Unit 1 Book four

Education

Transcript of Unit 1 Book four