Unit 1Book 2

Notes to the text

Paragraph writing

Sentence writing

Culture shock

Your culture shock

Culture shock is a kind of disorientation resulting from entering into a different culture or way of life.

Discuss about the factors that caused your first feelings about your dorm, food and lectures here.

fall behind (in, with)

在科技方面落后fall behind in technology

她努力学习，担心跟不上课程。She worked hard because she was afraid of falling behind in lessons.

看见球队落后，教练满脸不高兴。The coach turned unhappy when seeing his team was falling behind.

This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring.

What words or phrases can be used as a substitute for result in?

helps create

leads to

makes

committed to: in a long-term emotional relationship with someone; dedicated to something

These committed Moms will have their family protected.

这些疼爱家庭的妈妈们不会让别人碰她们的孩子。

committed to

All the students in the library are committed to their books.

图书馆里学生们都在专心致志地读书。

Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.

Absolute structure: subject + -ing/-ed

No further discussions arising, the meting was brought to an end.

Lunch finished, all the guests returned to the sitting room.

Can we say:

No further discussions arose, and the meeting was brought to an end.

No further discussions arising, the meeting was brought to an end.

Why do we use the absolute structure when other structures mean the same?

Absolute structures make the utterance ( 话语 ) more formal and therefore should not be used unless the context is formal.

We are slaves to nothing but the clock

nothing but: only

He’s nothing but a criminal.

他就是罪犯。

He wants nothing but your promise.

他只要你的许诺。

Compared with: everything but / anything but

Translate the following into Chinese: He wants everything but your promise.

他就是不要你的许诺。 You can give him everything but this book.

给他什么都行，就别给他这本书。 He was anything but a hero.

他偏偏就不是英雄。 You can have nothing but vegetables for dinner if you want to invite him.

你要是想邀请他，那么晚餐只能吃素了。 You can have anything but fish if you want to invite him.

你要是想邀请他，那么你千万不要吃鱼。

We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it.

budget: n. & v 预算a family budget 家庭预算

a government budget 政府预算A new car will not be part of our budget this year.

买一辆新车不在我们今年的预算之内My budget for his week included new shoes.

我这个星期打算买新鞋。My monthly budget is ￥ 400.

我每月开销计划是 400 元。

account for: to provide an explanation or justification

The suspect couldn't account for his time that night.

嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排

He could not account for the absence from school that day.

他无法说明那天缺课的原因。

His previous failures in exams may account for his fear for tests.

他以前多次考试不及格使他对考试感到害怕。

We want every minute to count.

Use the words you know to replace count in the sentence.

to be worthy

not to be wasted

有没有证书没有关系，会不会说英语才是重要的。

What counts is not whether you have a certificate, but whether you can speak English.

他觉得他与朋友之间是金钱在作怪。

He found that money counted in the relationship between his friends and him.

take sth. personally: 认为某事是针对自己的

You must not take my remarks about your plan personally.

你不得把我对你们的计划的意见作为我个人的意见。

Misunderstanding may result from taking such a comment personally.

将这种评论作为个人意见可能导致误解。

assess

The Board of Directors will assess your efforts in the project.

董事会将评价你在这个项目中的工作。 The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at ＄ 900.

这地方的学校教师的收入为 900 美元。 Do you know these words?

evaluate

estimate

access

Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time.

Replace consequently with the words you know:

therefore

as a result

so

work at ： 从事 , 致力于 , 钻研

两个星期我专心写我的论文。

For two weeks I worked hard at the paper.

没有容易的办法可以绕过这个困难，你只有努力去解决它。

There is no easy way round the difficulty; you have to work hard at it.

given: prep. taking into account

Given the complexity of the task, they were able to do a good job.

这项任务很复杂，他们已经干得很不错。

Given good weather, our ship will reach Shanghai Monday evening.

假如天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。

I'd come and see you in New York, given the chance.

如果有机会 , 我就到纽约来看你。

Given the condition of the engine, it is a wonder that it even starts.

倘若这发动机能发动的话，可真是不可思议。

at hand: close by; near

书不在我手上，但是我以后可以拿给你看看。I haven’t the book at hand, but I can show it to you later.

大家说学英语时手头最好有一本字典。They say it’s good to have a dictionary at hand when you learn English.

我希望我们讨论那个问题时你也在场。I want you to be at hand when we are discussing that issue.

This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here

synonyms of due to:

because of

owing to

as a result

他病了，因此缺席了。

His absence was due to his illness.

一个人的所思所感缘于传统、习惯和教育。

What one thinks and feels is due to tradition, habit and education.

财金短缺导致了这个困难。The difficulty was due to the financial shortage.

whereas

They want a house, whereas we would rather live in a flat.

他们想要一座房子 , 而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。He is fat whereas his brother is thin.

他很胖而他兄弟很瘦。

synonyms:while

but

on the other hand

Fill in the blanks with worthy, worth or worthwhile

1. The exhibition is well __________ a visit.

2. He felt that he had done something which, to his own belief, was __________.

3. Here’s some __________ advice to any young businessman.

4. He believed he had lived a __________ life.

5. A bird in hand is __________ two in the bush.

worth

worthy

worthwhile

worthy

worth

6. She is not __________ to talk to a man like you.

7. I wouldn't think it __________ to ask him to join the club—he’ll only refuse.

8. He is a __________ winner.

9. The visit to Paris was __________.

10. Dr. Aziz is a most __________ young man. I have a great regard for him.

11. The food is well __________ what is charged for it.

worthy

worthwhile

worthy

worthwhile

worthy

worth

A technique to be eloquent ( 雄辩的 )

Want to be eloquent? Not have sufficient vocabulary? Maybe, but this skill is more important than vocabulary: Be specific. Let’s look at how the author uses the skill in the third paragraph.

In this paragraph the author wants to prove Americans are all in a rush and he does it in the following way:

Paragraph Outline

Now work out an outline for the following topics, using the technique of specification.

English learning in China has caused many problems.Take much time

Average students half of their study time

Advanced students a quarter to one third

Priority over majors

Best engineering students know little about designing but

quite good at English

Cheating popular

Cheating saves efforts in learning at a small risk of being

caught

Professional cheaters for important English exams

Write a paragraph based on your outline.

They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country.

This complex sentence is composed of three basic things or noun phrases: ritual interaction, a cup of tea, convention

These noun phrases can be expressed in the format: A＝ B＝ C

Write sentences in the format above, using the ideas provided here:

cell phone, symbol of high-tech, satisfaction for the owner rather than the need of communication

English certificate, an all-purpose one, increasing criticism of its priority

food in the dinning hall, most frequent complaint raised by the students, unnecessary troubles on campus

Young students are crazy about possessing a cell phone that to them is a symbol of high-tech that serves the satisfaction for the owner rather than the need of communication.

Many college students work hard for an English certificate which now turns into an all-purpose one that receives ever increasing criticism of its priority over other educational programs.

The school has to watch closely over the quality of food in the dining hall which is often the most frequent complaint raised by the students that can lead to unnecessary troubles on campus.

• The “honeymoon” stage • The “hostility” stage • The “recovery” stage

• The “adjustment” stage

Four stages

Honeymoon find some words to show the

features of this stage

excitement

marvelous

amusement

Hostility find some words to show t

he features of this stage

tired

awful

distressed

Recovery find some words to show the

characteristics of this stage

positive

favorable appreciate

Adjustment find some words to show the

characteristics of this stage

good

understand

comfortable

Sum up the process of culture shock orally

• Honeymoon: excitement, marvelous, amusement

• Hostility: tired, awful, distressed

• Recovery: positive, favorable, appreciate

• Adjustment: good, understand, comfortable