UNIT IPART A1. Define Civil Engineering?CivilEngineeringis abranchofengineeringwhichaimstoprovideacomfortable and safe living for people by providing sheltersby Civil Engineers.2. Mention the important functionsof civil engineer?i) easibilitystudies! "ite investigation and design before the construction starts.ii) Dealing with contractorsand clients during construction.iii) Maintenanceand #esearch after the construction completed.$. Mention the main branchesof Civil Engineering?i) "tructural Engineeringii) %eotechnicalEngineeringiii) &ransportation Engineering iv) 'rrigationEngineeringv) (ater supply! "anitary and EnvironmentalEngineering vi) luid Mechanics). (hat are the important construction materials?i) *ric+s ii) "tones iii) "andiv) Cement v) Cement Concrete vi) "teel"ections vii) 'ndustrialtimbers viii) ,lastics and Composite materials.-. Define *ul+ density . ,orosity.*ul+ density is the ratio of mass to the volume of the material in its natural state i.e. including poresand voids.,orosityisusedtoindicatethedegreebywhichthevolumeofamaterialis occupied by pores.'tis the ratio of volumeof voids to the total volume of the specimen./. Define &hermal conductivity. &hermal capacity.&hermalconductivityofthematerialisdefinedastheamountofheatin+ilocaloriesthatwillflowthroughunitareaofthematerialwithunitthic+ness inunit time whendifferenceof temperatureon its facesis also unity.&hermal capacity is defined as the property of the material to absorb heat 0. DifferentiateElasticity . ,lasticity. Elasticity1(henane2ternalforceisactingonabody!itundergoessomedeformation.&hepropertybywhichabody returnstoitsoriginalshapeaftertheremovalofe2ternal load ,lasticity1'tistheconverseofelasticity.&hisisthepropertyofmaterialbywhich no deformationdisappearswhen it is relieved from the e2ternal load.13. Define 4brasion . 5ardness. 4brasion1&heresistancetoabrasionof amaterialisfoundout by dividing thedifferenceinweightsofspecimenspriortoandafterabrasionwiththeareaofabrasion.5ardness1&heabilityof amaterialtoresistpenetrationbyaharderbodyis+nown as its hardness.&o find hardness of a material!a load throughapenetratorisappliedonthesurfaceofaspecimenandthesurfaceareaoftheimpression is found out.6. Mention the classification of soil.&here are mainly two types of soil classification a) ,article si7e classificationb)8nifiedsoil classification and '." classification.19. 5ow do you classify roc+s geologicallyand based on chemical composition?

%eological classification1 i) 'gneous roc+s ii) "edimentary roc+siii) Metamorphicroc+s.Chemical classification1i) "iliciousroc+s ii) 4rgillaceous roc+siii) Calcareousroc+s.11. :ist out the re;uirementsor ;ualitiesof a good building "tone.i)&hecolourofthestoneshouldnotbeeasilyattac+edbyweatheringagents.ii) 4 good building stone should be durable. iii) Co 'ron B2ide Magnesia"ulphar4l+alies< 1>29. :ist the uses of cement.i) Cement is used for preparation of foundations! foot paths etc.ii)Cementisusedformanufactureofprecastpipes!piles!fencingpostsetc.iii) Cement mortar is used for masonry wor+! plastering! pointing etc..21. "tate the varioustypesof cement.i) Cuic+ setting cementii) :ow heat cementiii) 5igh aluminacement iv) 4cid resistant cement22. "tate the variouspropertiesof good cement.3i) &he colour of cement should be uniform ii) Cement should be free from lumpsiii) 'f a small ;uantity of cement is thrown in to a buc+et of water ! it shouldsin+2$. "tate the varioustypes of steel.i) Mild steel or :ow carbon steel = carbon content from 9.19 to 9.2- percent ii) Mediumhard steel or medium carbon steel = Carbon content 9.2- to 9./ percentiii)5ardsteelor5ighcarbonsteel=Carboncontentfrom9./9to1.- percent2). :ist down the commercial formsof steel sectionsused in the construction.i) #ound barsii) ";uare bars iii) &orsteel iv),latesv)latbarsvi)4nglesectionsvii) Channel sectionsviii) '