UNIT 1 NOTESChapter 13 – Expansion of American IndustryChapter 15 – Politics, Immigration, & Urban Life

UNIT 1 INDUSTRIALISMThe growth of American cities and industry

America: Pathways to the Present

Chapter 15Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life

(1870–1915)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the changes in late 1800’s

urban life relating to Immigration, Industrialization, and Politics in the Gilded Age.

Objective 1.4: In what ways did government reform the spoils system and regulate railroads?

Objective: 1.5: Analyze the challenges immigrants and cities faced late 1800s urban cities.

THEME: American Industry will grow with positive and negative consequences

America: Pathways to the Present

Section 1: Politics in the Gilded Age

Section 2: People on the Move

Section 3: The Challenge of the Cities

Section 4: Ideas for Reform

Chapter 15: Politics, Immigration, and Urban Life (1870–1915)

Presidents of the United States

George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841)

#21 - …Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)William McKinley; Republican (1896)Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)

#11 - 20James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)James Garfield; Republican (1880)

Chapter 15 SECTION 1

Politics in the Gilded

Age

How was politics affected by business in the late 1800s?

BUSINESS POLITICS

The Gilded Age: small layer of prosperity covered poverty & corruption of the late 1800s. This term was coined by Mark Twain.

Businesses operated without government regulation. This is known as laissez-faire economics. Laissez-faire means ‘allow to be’ in French.

Corporations supported government involvement when it benefited them. For example, American businesses accepted land grants and

subsidies. A subsidy is a payment made by the government to encourage

the development of certain key industries, such as railroads.WRITE THIS

DOWN!

THE SPOILS SYSTEM

During Gilded Age, Republicans and Democrats had roughly same numbers To keep party members loyal,

candidates rewarded supporters and tried to avoid controversial issues.

Under the Spoils System, candidates for political office would offer jobs in exchange for votes. The spoils system also gave

supporters access to money and political favors.

WRITE THIS DOWN!

JAMES GARFIELD Before the 1880 presidential election the Republican

party was split into factions. The Stalwarts defended the spoils system. The Half-Breeds hoped to reform the system. The Independents opposed the spoils system.

WRITE THIS DOWN!

On July 2, 1881 President Garfield was assassinated over the spoils system Garfield wanted to reform the

system. His running-mate was Chester

Arthur, a Stalwart. Charles Guiteau did not get a job he

was promised He now wanted Arthur as president.

REFORMSPendleton Civil Service

Act Created a merit system

where employees must be fit for govt. work

Established the Merit System in which applicants compete for jobs based on their experience and qualifications

It limited the number of family members that could apply for civil service jobs

WRITE THIS DOWN!

After the assassination, President Chester Arthur was able to get congressional support for the civil service act

THE GILDED AGE — Assessment

On July 2, 1881 President Garfield was assassinated by a Stalwart, which is a Republican whoa. Opposed the spoils systemb. Wanted to use government funds to complete the

Transcontinental Railroadc. Defended and supported the spoils systemd. Supported any government that gave greater rights to workers

  The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to

a. Cancel laws that required government workers to be paid by tariffs

b. End the high tariffs created during the Gilded Age c. End the spoils system and ensure government employees are

qualifiedd. Print money backed by silver rather than gold.

THE GILDED AGE — Assessment On July 2, 1881 President Garfield was assassinated by a

Stalwart, which is a Republican whoa. Opposed the spoils systemb. Wanted to use government funds to complete the

Transcontinental Railroadc. Defended and supported the spoils systemd. Supported any government that gave greater rights to workers

  The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to

a. Cancel laws that required government workers to be paid by tariffs

b. End the high tariffs created during the Gilded Age c. End the spoils system and ensure government

employees are qualifiedd. Print money backed by silver rather than gold.

CORRUPTION IN CITIES

THE MACHINERapidly growing cities were

difficult to govern. Increased revenue and responsibilities

gave city governments more power and competition for control grew more intense.

Different groups represented the interests of different classes.

The political machine: unofficial city organization designed to keep a group in power. Political machines worked through the

exchange of favors. WRITE THIS DOWN!

WHAT DOES THIS MEAN?

CORRUPTION Machines won the loyalty of immigrants by providing them with

apartments, jobs Provided paved streets and sewer systems They protected criminals through bribery

Popular bosses: Tom Pendergast in KC

- Helped Harry Truman

William Marcy Tweed - Ran NY Machine

WRITE THIS DOWN!

GRAFT

Political machines worked through the exchange of favors. Many people who wanted favors would pay money, graft,

to the machine. Graft was a major source of income for the machines.

Many immigrants accepted help from those who promised financial assistance Business gained an edge over unions through government corruption A contractor who was eager to win a city contract for a construction project

would pay government officials who could throw the contract their wayWRITE THIS

DOWN!

THE FLOW OF POLITICAL MACHINES

Political Machine

s

Immigrant Votes

City LeadersGraft

Local Business

City leaders are controlled through immigrant votes

Bribes are given to city leaders and political machines

Businesses pay large amounts of money for permits and contracts

Machines are headed by a boss and keep

one political party in power

THE GILDED AGE Assessment

Why did many immigrants support political machines?

a. Political machines provided them with jobs.b. Political machines were free of corruption.c. Political machines put powerful ‘bosses’ out of business.d. Political machines fought against crime in the slums.

 Many people who wanted favors would pay money, or

______________, to the political machines.a. Settlementsb. Graftc. Temperanced. Capital payments

THE GILDED AGE Assessment

Why did many immigrants support political machines?

a.Political machines provided them with jobs.b. Political machines were free of corruption.c. Political machines put powerful ‘bosses’ out of

business.d. Political machines fought against crime in the slums.

 Many people who wanted favors would pay money, or

______________, to the political machines.a. Settlementsb.Graftc. Temperanced. Capital payments