UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100...
Transcript of UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100...
![Page 1: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UNIT 1
Introduction
![Page 2: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Grading
“A grade is an inadequate report of an inaccurate judgment by a biased and variable judge of the extent to which a student has attained an undefined level of mastery of an unknown proportion of an indefinite amount of material.”
[Gardiner, Lion F., Redesigning Higher Education. Ashe-Eric Higher Education Report Vol.23, No. 7 George Washington University, (67).]
![Page 3: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Frame Exams
You must score 80% or above on the unit
examinations.
If you do not score 80% you can take the
exam over in the allotted exam time. The exam
time will not be extended.
If you take the exam over, your score for the
unit will be weighted using the following
formula:
![Page 4: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Weighting Formula
(2 x first exam score) + (second exam score) /3
(2x 60) + (100) /3 = 73
(2x 85) + (75) /3 = 82
![Page 5: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Testing Tips
Take the tests in a WSU testing center on
ChiTester
You must present a photo ID to receive an
examination.
Make sure your audio is working properly
before starting the exam.
You can only review the questions you missed
immediately after you complete the exam.
![Page 6: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
“The exams weren’t fair. If we missed one
letter it was wrong. There should be some sort
of way to recognize this and give a little. She
was not willing to give at all, even when it was
only one letter. It doesn’t make sense to me.”
![Page 7: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
“Report says health care errors cause more deaths than highway accidents.
As many as 98,00 Americans die unnecessarily every year from medical mistakes made by physicians, pharmacists and other health care professionals, according to an independent report released Monday that calls for a major overhaul of how the nation addresses medical errors.” The Washington Post
![Page 8: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Root Cause Analysis: A Case Study
Elderly patient with blood clot in artery of leg
Heparin ordered at 200 units/hour
RN caregiver scheduled to attend meeting.
Arranged coverage with 2nd RN…student RN
also assigned to care team.
2nd RN called to another room…student starts
heparin at 200 cc/hr.
![Page 9: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children.
That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized children, based on traditional detection methods.
“These data and the Dennis Quaid episode are telling us that..experiencing harm…is more common than people believe.” Homer, National Initiative for Children’s Healthcare Quality 2008
![Page 10: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Study hints
Arrive on time for every class.
Study ( at least briefly) after each class.
Limit study sessions to no more than ½ hour to
45 minutes.
Rephrase concepts
If it’s your style, study in groups.
![Page 11: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Study hints
Make up your own tests
Don’t rely on drugs such as caffeine.
Use a special study spot.
Study for final from day one.
Take it easy the day before the test.
![Page 12: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Student Advice
“My best advice is to make sure and do your
frames faithfully, then follow up with flash cards. It
takes a lot of time but it is very well worth the
effort come midterms and finals.”
“Make note cards because they will save your life!
Do the reviews at the end of each section.”
Make sure you do your flash cards”
![Page 13: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Student Advice
“The index cards are helpful for a good review
before testing and for the midterm and the final.”
“If you make flash cards you will do very well in this
class.”
“Do your frames, make flash cards and listen to the
CDs and you will be fine.”
![Page 14: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Elements used to form words
Word Root
Combining Vowel
Combining form
Prefix
Suffix
![Page 15: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Word Root
Basic core of any word
Hepat-o-tome
Gastr-o-tome
Arthr-o-tome
Combining vowel
O- most commonly used
A,e,i,u, y – occasionally used
Therm-o-meter, micr-o-film, phon-o-graph
![Page 16: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Combining Form
Combining vowel with word root
Word Root + Combining Vowel = Combining form
Speed- o = Speedo
Therm- o = Thermo
Arthr- o = Arthro
![Page 17: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Prefix
Syllable placed before word or word root to alter its meaning or create a new word.
Micr-o-cyte
Micr: prefix
O: combining vowel
Cyte: word root
Macr-o-cyte
Syllable added at the end of a root or combining form to change the meaning of the root.
![Page 18: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Suffix
Hepat-o-tome, Gastr-o-tome, Arthr-o-tome
![Page 19: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Pronunciation
Ch------- K - chromatin; sometimes chronic
Ps-------- S - psychiatry , psychology
C &G---- Soft s & j before e,i,y - cytoplasm, generic
C &G---- Harsh - cardiac, gastric
I at the end eye - alveoli, glomeruli
![Page 20: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Noun Suffix
-esis: condition
di/ur/esis: abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
-ia
pneumon/ia: infection of lung
-ism
hyper/thyroidism: overactivity of thyroid gland
-iatry: medicine
pod/iatry: medical specialty treating feet
-ist: specialist
dermat/o/log/ist: skin doctor
-y: condition
neur/o/path/y: disease of nerves
![Page 21: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Diminutive Suffix
-icle: small, minute, little
ventr/icle: small cavity in brain or heart
-ole
arteri/ole: minute artery
-ule
ven/ule: tiny vein
![Page 22: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Adjective Suffix
-ac: pertaining to
cardi/ac: pertaining to heart
-al
umbilic/al: pertaining to navel
-ar
muscul/ar: pertaining to muscle
-ary
pulmon/ary: pertaining to lungs
-eal
esophag/eal: pertaining to esophagus
-ic
hepat/ic: pertaining to liver
![Page 23: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Adjective Suffix (cont’d)
-ical: pertaining to
neur/o/log/ical: pertaining to (-ic & -al) study of nerves
-ile
pen/ile: pertaining to penis
-ior
anter/ior: pertaining to front
-ous
cutane/ous: pertaining to skin
-tic
acous/tic: pertaining to hearing
![Page 24: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Plural Suffixes (Spelling Words)
Sarcoma-sarcomata Retain the ma and add ta
Thrombus-thrombi Drop us and add i
Appendix-appendices Drop ix and add ices
Diverticulum-diverticuli Drop um and add a
Ovary-ovaries Drop y and add ies
![Page 25: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Plural Suffixes (Spelling Words)(cont’d)
Diagnosis-diagnoses Drop is and add es
Lumen-lumina Drop en and add ina
Vertebra-vertebrae Retain the a and add e
Thorax-thoraces Drop the x and add es
Spermatozoon-spermatozoa Drop on and add a
![Page 26: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Common Suffixes
![Page 27: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
-CENTESIS
Suffix - Surgical puncture
Arthr/o/centesis - surgical puncture of a joint
![Page 28: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
-CLAST
Suffix - Surgical puncture
Arthr/o/centesis - surgical puncture of a joint
![Page 29: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
-DESIS
Suffix - binding, fixation ( of a bone or joint)
Arthr/o/desis - fixation of joint
![Page 30: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
-ECTOMY
Suffix - excision, removal
Append/ectomy - surgical removal of the appendix
![Page 31: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
-LYSIS
Suffix - separation;destruction;loosening
Thromb/o/lysis - clot dissolving
![Page 32: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
-PEXY
Suffix - fixation (of an organ)
Mast/o/pexy - performed to affix sagging breasts
![Page 33: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
-PLASTY
Suffix-plasty - surgical repair
Rhinoplasty - surgical repair of the nose
![Page 34: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
-RRHAPHY
Suffix - suture
My/o/rrhaphy - muscle suturing
![Page 35: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
-STOMY
Forming a new opening (mouth)
Trache/o/stomy - form a new opening in trachea to
bypass obstructed upper airway
![Page 36: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
-TOME
Suffix - instrument to cut
Oste/o/tome - bone cutter
![Page 37: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
-TOMY
Suffix - incision
Trache/o/tomy - incision into trachea
![Page 38: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
-GRAM
Suffix - record, writing
Electr/o/cardi/o/gram - electrical recording of
heart
![Page 39: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
-GRAPH
Suffix - instrument for recording
Cardi/o/graph - machine that records
electrocardiograms
![Page 40: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
-GRAPHY
Suffix - process of recording
Angi/o/graphy - process of recording a picture of
the blood vessels
![Page 41: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
-METER
Suffix - instrument for measuring
Pelv/i/meter - instrument for measuring pelvis
![Page 42: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
-METRY
Suffix - act of measuring
Pelv/i/metry - process of measuring pelvis
![Page 43: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
-SCOPE
Suffix - instrument for examining
Broncho/scope - instrument for looking at bronchus
![Page 44: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
-SCOPY
Suffix - Visual examination
Broncho/scopy - process of examining bronchus
![Page 45: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Pathological Suffixes
![Page 46: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
-ALGIA, -DYNIA
Pathological Suffix - pain
Neur/algia - nerve pain
![Page 47: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
-CELE
Pathological suffix - hernia, swelling
Hepat/o/cele - hernia of the liver
![Page 48: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
-ECTASIS
Pathological Suffix - dilation, expansion
Bronchi/ectasis - dilation of bronchi (plural
bronchus)
![Page 49: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
-EDEMA
Pathological suffix - swelling
Lymph/edema - swelling of lymph nodes
![Page 50: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
-EMESIS
Pathological suffix - vomiting
Hyper/emesis - above normal vomiting
![Page 51: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
-EMIA
Pathological suffix - blood condition
An/emia - without blood (low red blood cell count)
![Page 52: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
-IASIS
Pathological suffix - abnormal condition
Chol/e/lith/iasis - disease produced by gall stones
![Page 53: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
-ITIS
Pathological suffix - inflammation
Gastr/it is - inflammation of the stomach
![Page 54: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
-LITH
Pathological suffix - stone, calculus
Chol/e/lith - gall stone
![Page 55: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
-MALACIA
Pathological suffix - softening
Chondr/o/malacia - cartilage softening
![Page 56: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
-MEGALY
Pathological suffix - enlargement
Cardi/o/megaly - heart enlargement
![Page 57: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
-OMA
Pathological suffix - tumor
Neur/oma - nerve tumor
![Page 58: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
-OSIS
Pathological suffix - abnormal condition
Cyan/osis - blue condition
![Page 59: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
-PATHY
Pathological suffix - disease
My/o/pathy - disease of the muscle
![Page 60: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
-PENIA
Pathological suffix - decrease, deficiency
Leuk/o/cyt/o/penia - decrease in white cells
![Page 61: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
-PHOBIA
Pathological suffix - fear
Hem/o/phobia - fear of blood
![Page 62: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
-PLEGIA
Pathological suffix - paralysis
Hemi/plegia - one half paralyzed
![Page 63: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
-RRHAGE, -RRHAGIA
Pathological suffix - bursting (of)
Hem/o/rrhage - blood bursting or bleeding
![Page 64: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
-RRHEA
Pathological suffix - discharge, flow
Dia/rrhea - discharge or flowing of fecal material
![Page 65: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
-RRHEXIS
Pathological suffix - rupture
Arteri/o/rrhexis - rupture of artery
![Page 66: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
-STENOSIS
Pathological suffix - narrowing, stricture
Arteri/o/stenosis - narrowing of artery
![Page 67: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
-TOXIC
Pathological suffix - poison
Hepat/o/toxic - Substance is poisonous to the liver
![Page 68: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
-TROPHY
Pathological suffix - development, nourishment
Dys/trophy - bad or abnormal development
![Page 69: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Common Prefixes
![Page 70: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
A-, AN-
Without, not
A-before a consonant - a/mastia-without a breast
An- before a vowel - an/esthesia- without feeling
![Page 71: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
CIRCUM-, PERI-
Around
Circum/cision - cutting around
Peri/odont/al - pertaining to area around teeth
![Page 72: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
DIA-, TRANS-
Through, across
Dia/rrhea – discharge or flowing of fecal material
Trans/vagina/al- pertaining to something through
the vagina
![Page 73: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
DIPL-, DIPLO-
Double or 2
Diplopia - double vision
Diplo/bacteri/al - pertaining to bacteria in pairs
![Page 74: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
ENDO-, INTRA-
In, within
Endo/crine - Gland that secretes directly into the
blood stream
Intra/muscul/ar - In the muscle
![Page 75: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
HOMO-, HOMEO-
Same
Homo/graft - graft from the patient to their own
body- also called allograft
Homeostasis - Maintaining equilibrium
![Page 76: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
HYPO-
Under, below, deficient
Hypodermic - Pertaining to under the skin
![Page 77: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
MACRO-, MICRO-
Large, small
Macrocyte - large cell
Microcyte - small cell
![Page 78: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
MONO-, UNI-
One
Monocyte - cell with one nucleus
Uni/nucle/ar - pertaining to a single nucleus
![Page 79: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
POST-, PRE-
After, before
Post/nat/al - pertaining to time after birth
Pre/nat/al - pertaining to time before birth
![Page 80: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
PRIMI-
First
Primi/gravida - first pregnancy
![Page 81: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
RETRO-
Backward, behind
Retroversion - turn backwards
![Page 82: UNIT 1 · 2010. 9. 3. · Researchers found a rate of 11 drug-related harmful events for every 100 hospitalized children. That compares with an earlier estimate of 2 per 100 hospitalized](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022051905/5ff7f756f4ea0761b3363d7e/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
SUPER-
Upper, above
Super/ior - pertaining to top or upper