(Un)intended Consequences
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Transcript of (Un)intended Consequences
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(Un)intended Consequences
Jane H. Adams, Executive DirectorCalifornia Park & Recreation Society
www.cprs.org [email protected]
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Disclaimer
The opinions expressed in this presentation belong to the presenter after research (to identify the facts), asking others, and listening to many.
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Californians Value Parks • 98% of California’s households visit a park at least once a year; 2/3rd
visit at least once a month.
• 50% of California’s households participate in an organized recreation or park program.
• “Parks” are very different than “programs;” and each has many different components that describe what is a “park” or a “program.”
• The benefits of parks are not the benefits of programs.
• Users & elected officials easily identify benefits to them personally, their family & friends.
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Now in Parks & Recreation
• Parks / Recreation receiving less general fund support– 53% in 2012 - 57% in 2010– 40% cut park acquisition; 57% cut development
• Parks / Recreation receiving less non general fund support– 37% in 2012 - 46% in 2010 – 40% non general fund $$ from fees/charges
• Few agencies have autonomous taxing authority
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Now in Parks & Recreation
• Parks / Recreation experiences greater reductions than other departments – 37% in 2012; 33% in 2010
• Cost recovery range from 0% to 100%; mostly over 40%
• Don’t expect budget situation to change until FY 15/16
“We have had our budget reduced by over ½ in past few years; in FY 11/12 council waived many athletic youth group and school district fees.”
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Now in Parks & Recreation
• Less FTE / PTE personnel– Fewer programs, special events, classes – Reduced operating hours; 64% reduced access to
facilities– Little change to park access– No new staff in spite of new facilities / parks – Changed park maintenance standards
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(Un)intended Consequences
Declining quality of life of residents– Parks / air quality– Parks / physical health– Parks / youth development– Parks / mental health– Parks / social health
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Where You Live is Important “The obesity epidemic is a multi-faceted issue that reflects changes in our
social, economic, and built environments over many years. It is an issue that will require innovative actions, a shared vision, and a collaborative approach to resolve.” (CA Obesity Prevention Plan, 2010)
1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 children
1 2 3 teens
1 2 adults
Proportionally higher obesity rates are residents of Latino, American Indian, African American, & Pacific Islander descent, those from low income households and those with disabilities.
West LA: 3 in 10 adults
South LA:7 in 10 adults
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Impact of Obesity
Children– Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, asthma – Vitamin D deficiency (reversed by 10-15 min of sun)– Predicts likelihood of obesity as an adult (70-80%)– Increased likelihood of emotional & social problems
• Lack of friends / support networks• Behavior problems in schools / community• Feelings of depression / inadequacy
Adults- Hypertension, Type 2 diabetes- Cancers, mobility due to osteoarthritis- Cardiovascular disease - Greater chance of institutional living due to health
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What Green DoesMore Green Less Green
Community Impact More positive social interactionGreater shared use of spaceResidents desire more connection with others Stronger neighborhood ties; sense of communityMore mutual trustWilling to help othersIncreased property values
More aggressionViolence Violent crimeProperty crimeGraffitiLess people on the streetLess walkingFear Decreased property value
Individual Impact Better cognitive functioningMore self discipline / impulse control Greater mental healthGreater resilienceSupport high levels of physical activity
Attention deficitMore sadnessClinical depressionProne to stress / anxietyGreat risk of childhood obesityHigher mortality of young / older adults
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(Un)intended Consequences • Increase neighborhood blight
– Research links violence to reduced healthy eating & active living – Fear, neglect, graffiti– No one “cares” – why should I?– Residents detach from neighborhood / community / each other
• Decrease in property values / property tax revenue • Degradation of natural environment
– Decline of plants, soil, turf, trees, climate change • Decrease life span of facility
– Roofs, irrigation, pools, restrooms, pavilions, tennis courts, trails
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(Un)intended Consequences • Reduced supervision = opportunity for malfeasance, personnel
conflicts, contract failure• Increased safety issues for personnel & residents
– Accidents, claims, legal actions, insurance costs, equipment failure; reduce / close facilities
• Increased time to get the work done / resident complaints – Less staff / increased time to repair, fix, replace, higher costs
• Impact to children/youth – Morbidity / chronic disease – Crime / mischief between 3-6 pm / unsupervised– Childhood stress – Disassociation
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What Californians Value
Preservation of, and access to,outdoor spaces
Minimal development / nearly natural state
Spaces with facilities for play, exercise, and group sports
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Activities & programs targeted to juveniles that are healthy, safe & fun
Children are free to play & be active
What Californians Value
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Activities to facilitate social & community connections & advance human development
What Californians Value
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• *
What Californians Value
Outdoor spaces for play & exercise
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Serenity and awe of nature
now…and in the future
What Californians Value
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Insights • Break the silos! P/R, transit,
planning, food advocates, public health, public works, health providers, CBOs, schools, business
• Focus! Improve walkability, access to parks/open space, recreational facilities, joint use of schools and neighborhood safety
• Fail! To succeed: encourage / reward creativity, trials, failures
• Leverage: resources & people • Get a compelling vision • Research! Many promising
practices • Remember! Parks / Recreation
contributes to your resident’s social, mental, & physical health
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It’s Not About US…it’s About THEM!