Unidad 2 ¡Bienvenidos!

UNIDAD 2¡Bienvenidos!

Spanish 8th

NounsA Noun is a word used to identify,

people, animals, places, things or ideas.

In Spanish nouns have gender. They are either masculine or feminine.

Generally, nouns that refer to males, like el hombre, are masculine, while nouns that refer to females, like la mujer, are feminine.


Masculine Nouns Most nouns ending on –o are masculine: The masculine singular noun takes the

definite article el el chico el amigo el niño el baño el teléfono el libro Some masculine nouns end in –a or ma el día el mapa el idioma

el drama el clima el problema

Many nouns that refer to male beings end in –o or –or.

Their corresponding feminine forms end in –a and –ora, respectively.


The masculine and feminine forms of nouns that end in –ista, like turista, are the same, so gender is indicated by the article el (masculine) or la (feminine). Some other nouns have identical masculine and feminine forms.


Feminine Nouns Most nouns ending in –a are feminine and used

the singular definite article la.

la amiga la casa la niña la comida

exceptions: el día, el papá,and words of Greek origen in –ma: el problema – el programa Words ending in –ción & -sión are feminine Words ending in –dad or –tad are feminine

la conversación la televisión la ciudad la amistad

Another reason to memorize the gender of every noun is that there are common exceptions to the rules of gender. For example

el mapa (map) and el día (day) end in –a, but are masculine.

La mano (hand) ends in –o, but is feminine.


Los Cognados, or cognates, are words that are similar in form and meaning to their English Equivalents. EXACT COGNATES:

actor doctor piano

central hotel radio

color idea terrible

chocolate motor viola

Los Cognados

Los Cognados DIRECT COGNATES: -ción -tion

pronunciación pronuntiation

combinación combination

Los Cognados DIRECT COGNATES:

-dad -ty sociedad society electricidad electricity -ia, -ía, or -io

-y

familia family vocabulario vocabulary

Spanish articles

As you know, English often uses definite articles (the) and indefinite articles (a, an) before nouns.

Spanish also has definite and indefinite articles. Unlike English, Spanish articles vary in form because they agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify.


Definite & Indefinite Articles

DEFINITE Articles are used to refer to the person, place or thing:

el hermano los hermanos la hermana las hermanas INDEFINITE Articles are used to refer to a person or

some person, place, or thing.

un hermano unos hermanos una hermana unas hermanasArticles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3ldEPDcZhM

Definite articles Spanish has four forms that are equivalent

to the English definite article the. Use definite articles to refer to specific nouns.


Indefinite articles Spanish has four forms that are equivalent to the English

indefinite article, which according to context may mean a, an, or some. Use indefinite articles to refer to unspecified persons or things.



Provide a definite article for each noun in the first column and an indefinite article for each noun in the second column.

1. _____ chica2. _____ chico3. _____ maleta4. _____ cuadernos5. _____ lápiz6. _____ mujeres

1. _____ autobús 2. _____ escuelas 3. _____ computadora 4. _____ hombres5. _____ señora 6. _____ lápices

¿un, una, unos o unas?¿el, la, los o las?

la un

Plural of nouns To form the plural add –s to nouns that end in a

vowel. For nouns that end in a consonant add –es. For nouns that end in z change the z to c, then add –es.


In general, when a singular noun has an accent mark on the last syllable, the accent is dropped from the plural form.


Use the masculine plural form to refer to a group that includes both males and females.


Plural & Singular Nouns

Words ending in vowel, add s abuelos

Words ending in consonant, add es meses

Words ending in z change z to c and add es

lápiz = lapices feliz = felices

Los números 0-30

The number uno (one) and numbers ending in –uno, such as veintiuno, have more than one form. Before masculine nouns, uno shortens to un. Before feminine nouns, uno changes to una.


¡Atención! The forms uno and veintiuno are used when counting (uno, dos, tres... veinte, veintiuno, veintidós...). They are also used when the number follows a noun, even if the noun is feminine: la lección uno.


To ask how many people or things there are, use cuántos before masculine nouns and cuántas before feminine nouns.

¿Cuántas chicas hay?

¿Cuántos chicos hay?


The Spanish equivalent of both there is and there are is hay. Use ¿Hay...? to ask

Is there...? or Are there...? Use no hay to express there is not or there are not.

Provide the Spanish words for these numbers.

1. 7_____

2. 16_____

3. 29_____

4. 1_____

5. 0_____

6. 15_____

7. 21_____

8. 9_____

9. 23_____

10.11_____

11.30_____

12.4_____

13.12_____

14.28_____

15.14_____

16.10_____

Subject pronouns

A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

What is a pronoun? It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a

phrase containing a noun)Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns.

When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun.

Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

Subject Subject Pronoun

What are the English subject pronouns?

Singular Plural1st

person I We2nd

person You3rd

personHe, She,

It They

English subject pronouns and their Spanish equivalentsSingular Plural

1st person I Yo

We Nosotros (m) Nosotras

(f)

2nd person You (familiar) Tú

You (all) (in Spain) Vosotros (m)Vosotras (f)

3rd person

He Él She EllaYou (formal) Usted (Ud.)

They (m) EllosThey (f) EllasYou (all) Ustedes (Uds.)

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Spanish has two subject pronouns that mean you (singular). Use tú when addressing a friend, a family member, or a child. Use usted to address a person with whom you have a formal or more distant relationship, such as a superior at work, a professor, or a person older than you.

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The masculine plural forms nosotros, vosotros, and ellos refer to a group of males or to a group of males and females. The feminine plural forms nosotras, vosotras, and ellas can refer only to groups made up exclusively of females.


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There is no Spanish equivalent of the English subject pronoun it. Generally it is not expressed in Spanish.


El verbo ser – to beto be (infinitive form of verb)Unconjugated Verb in Spanish ser

Singular Plural

Yo soy

Nosotros/as somos

Tú eres

Vosotros/as sois

Usted/Él/Ella es

Ustedes/Ellos(as) son

Use of ser (to be) To express a characteristic, description, or

identification

El pastel es bueno el estudiante es inteligente

• To express occupation or nationality

Julio es español Martin es doctor

• To express time and dates

Son las ocho Hoy es el 15 de septiembre

• With de,to express origen, possesion, or material

La camisa es de algodón El coche es de mi papá

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Uses of ser Use ser to identify people and things.


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Ser also expresses possession, with the preposition de. There is no Spanish equivalent of the English construction [noun] + ’s (Maru’s). In its place, Spanish uses [noun] + de + [owner].


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When de is followed by the article el, the two combine to form the contraction del. De does not contract with la, las, or los.


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Ser also uses the preposition de to express origin.


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Use ser to express profession or occupation.


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Unlike English, Spanish does not use the indefinite article (un, una) after ser when referring to professions, unless accompanied by an adjective or other description.


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Provide the correct subject pronouns and the present forms of ser. The first item has been done for you.

1. Gabriel _____ _____2. Juan y yo _____ _____ 3. Óscar y Flora _____ _____ 4. Adriana _____ _____

5. las turistas _____ _____ 6. el chico _____ _____ 7. los conductores _____ _____ 8. los señores Ruiz _____ _____

él es



To ask what time it is, use ¿Qué hora es? When telling time, use es + la with una and son + las with all other hours.


As in English, you express time from the hour to the half-hour in Spanish by adding minutes.


You may use either y cuarto or y quince to express fifteen minutes or quarter past the hour. For thirty minutes or half past the hour, you may use either y media or y treinta.


You express time from the half-hour to the hour in Spanish by subtracting minutes or a portion of an hour from the next hour.


To ask at what time a particular event takes place, use the phrase ¿A qué hora (…)? To state at what time something takes place, use the construction a la(s) + time.


Here are some useful words and phrases associated with telling time.


Practice telling time by completing these sentences. The first item has been done for you.

1. (1:00 a.m.) Es la ___________ de la mañana. 2. (2:50 a.m.) Son las tres __________ diez de la mañana. 3. (4:15 p.m.) Son las cuatro y __________ de la tarde. 4. (8:30 p.m.) Son las ocho y __________ de la noche. 5. (9:15 a.m.) Son las nueve y quince de la __________.6. (12:00 p.m.) Es el __________. 7. (6:00 a.m.) Son las seis de la __________.

una


Practice telling time by completing these sentences. (cont'd)

8. (4:05 p.m.) Son las cuatro y cinco de la __________. 9. (12:00 a.m.) Es la __________.10. (3:45 a.m.) Son las cuatro menos __________ de la mañana. 11. (2:15 a.m.) Son las __________ y cuarto de la mañana. 12. (1:25 p.m.) Es la una y __________ de la tarde. 13. (6:50 a.m.) Son las __________ menos diez de la mañana. 14. (10:40 p.m.) Son las once menos veinte de la __________.

VocabularioExpresiones de Cortesía

Courtesy Expressions

¡Gracias! Thank youCon permiso Perdon me; Excuse me De nada You’re welcomeLo siento I’m sorry¡Muchas Gracias! Thank you very muchNo hay de qué You’re welcomePerdón Pardon me; excuse mePor favor please

VocabularioTitulos TitlesSeñor (Sr.); don Mr.; sirSeñora (Sra.); doña

Mrs.; ma’am

Señorita (Srta.) MissPalabras Adicionales Additional Words¿Cuántos/Cuántas? How much/many?¿De quién…? Whose...? (sing.)¿De quiénes…? Whose…? (plural)No hay There is(not); there are

(not

Sustantivos-NOUNSEspañol Inglésel autobús busla capital Capital cityEl chico boyLa chica girlLa computadora computerLa comunidad communityEl/la conductor(a) driverLa conversación conversationLa cosa thing

Sustantivos-NOUNSEspañol Inglésel cuaderno notebookel día dayEl diario diaryEl diccionario dictionaryLa escuela schoolEl/la estudiante studentLa foto(grafía) photographEl hombre manEl/la joven young person

Sustantivos-NOUNSEspañol InglésEl lápiz pencilla lección lessonLa maleta suitcaseLa mano handEl mapa mapLa mujer womanLa nacionalidad nationalityEl número numberEl país country

Sustantivos-NOUNSEspañol InglésLa palabra wordEl/la pasajero(a) passengerEl problema problemEl/la profesor(a)/maestro(a)

teacher

El programa programEl/la turista touristLa nacionalidad nationalityEl video video

Unidad 2 ¡Bienvenidos!

Education

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