Clase de Español 1

10/22/2013 11:13 AM 1

Unidad 1 Estados Unidos Lección 2 Mis amigos y yo

In this lesson you will learn to ● describe yourself and others ● identify people and things using ● ser to describe what someone is like ● definite and indefinite articles ● noun-adjective agreement

¿Recuerdas? ● snack foods, after-school activities ● ser, gustar with an infinitive

Describe Yourself and Others

1. ¿Cómo eres? What are you like?

Personality

2. artístico (a) artistic

3. atlético (a) athletic

4. bueno (a) good

5. cómico (a) funny

6. creativo (a) creative 7. desorganizado (a) disorganized 8. estudioso (a) studious 9. inteligente intelligent 10. listo (a) clever / smart 11. malo (a) bad 12. organizado (a) organized 13. paciente patient

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14. perezoso (a) lazy 15. serio (a) serious

16. simpático (a) nice

17. talentoso (a) talented

18. tímido (a) shy

19. tonto (a) silly 20. trabajador (a) hard-working 21. travieso (a) mischievous

Appearance 22. alto(a) tall 23. bajo (a) short (height) 24. bonito (a) pretty 25. delgado (a) thin 26. feo (a) ugly 27. gordo (a) fat 28. grande big, large; great 29. guapo(a) good-looking 30. joven young

31. jóvenes young

32. pelirrojo(a) red-haired

33. pequeño(a) small

34. viejo (a) old 35. tener To have 36. yo tengo I have

37. él tiene he has

38. ella tiene she has 39. el pelo rubio blond hair

40. el pelo castaño brown hair

41. el pelo oscuro dark hair

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42. el pelo rizado curly hair 43. los frenillos braces

People 44. el amigo Friend (male) 45. la amiga Friend (female) 46. la chica girl 47. el chico boy 48. el estudiante student (male) 49. la estudiante student (female) 50. el hombre man 51. la mujer woman 52. el mejor amigo best friend (male) 53. la mejor amiga best friend (female) 54. la persona person

55. el compañero de clase classmate (male)

56. la compañera de clase classmate (female)

Other Words and Phrases 57. muy very 58. un poco a little 59. porque because 60. todos (as) all

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Definite and Indefinite Articles El and la are called definite articles and are the equivalent of “the” in English. They are used with nouns to indicate specific people, places or things. El is used with masculine singular nouns; la is used with singular feminine nouns. Los is used with masculine plural nouns; las is used with plural feminine nouns. You’ve already seen words with definite articles:

el libro the book la carpeta the folder

los cuadernos the dogs las mesas the tables

Un and una are called indefinite articles and are the equivalent of “a” and “an” in English. Indefinite articles are used with nouns to indicate unspecific people, places or things. Un is used with masculine singular nouns; una is used with feminine singular nouns; unos is used with masculine plural nouns; unas is used with feminine plural nouns and are the equivalent of “some” or “a few”.

un libro a book una carpeta a folder. unos cuadernos some dogs unas mesas some tables

Masculine Feminine inglés

singular el la

plural los las

Masculine Feminine inglés

singular un una

plural unos unas

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In Spanish, the definite article is used when referring to people by a

title, such as señor (Sr.), señora (Sra.), señorita (Srta.), doctor (Dr.),

etc.

El señor Montiel es mi profesor.

¿Cómo está la doctora Castillo?

Los señores Ortega son muy simpáticos.

Nouns Nouns refer to people, animals, places, things, and ideas. In Spanish, nouns have gender. They are either masculine or feminine. Most nouns that end in –o are masculine. Most nouns that end in –a are feminine. Masculine Feminine el libro la carpeta

el bolígrafo la hoja de papel

Nouns that do not end in –o or –a, their gender is indicated by the article. The definite articles el and la point out if a word is masculine or feminine. They both mean “the.”

Nouns that refer to females such as mother-mamá, daughter-hija,

aunt-tía, etc…are feminine. Nouns that refer to males such as father –

papá, son-hijo, uncle-tío, etc…are masculine.

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However there are more endings than –o and –a. Remember the gender of the noun, by memorizing the following noun ending rule: In general*….

Men are: L-O-N-E-R-S JZ

Noun ending in Examples

-l el cartel (the poster)

-o el libro (the book)

-n (except for -ión) el examén (the exam)

-e el parque (the park)

-r el comedor (the dining room)

-s (except for -is) el autobús (the bus)

includes consonants like - j, - z

el reloj (the clock) el lápiz (pencil)

Women are: Attractively, Disguised IÓNs

Noun ending in Examples

-a La tienda (the store)

-d La ciudad (the city)

-ión) (except el avión & el

camión.) La solución (the exam)

Since there are exceptions to some of the rules it is always good to learn the gender along with the noun. Learning the definite articles with the nouns helps you learn the gender.

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The plurals of nouns and articles Plural Nouns are formed as followed:

If a noun ends in… Add Example

a vowel “s” silla sillas

a constant “es”. cartel carteles

z, you drop the z “ces”. lápiz lápices

pez peces

You have used definite and indefinite articles in the singular: el, la = the un, una = a, an

The plural definite articles are los and las. Like el and la, they both mean “the.” las sillas = the chairs

The plural indefinite articles are unos and unas. They both mean “some” or “a few.” unos carteles = some posters

Singular Plural

el reloj la ventana

un disquete una mesa

los relojes las ventanas

unos disquetes unas mesas

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Adjectives Words that describe people and things are called adjectives (adjetivos). Since nouns are both masculine and feminine, adjectives also have masculine and feminine forms since they will need to agree with the noun they modify. The masculine form usually ends in the letter –o and the feminine form usually ends in the letter –a. Masculine adjectives are used to describe masculine nouns.

Marcos es ordenado y simpático. Marcos is organized and nice.

Feminine adjectives are used to describe feminine nouns.

Marta es ordenada y simpática. Marta is organized and nice.

Adjectives that end in –e describe both masculine and feminine nouns. Anita es inteligente. Anita is smart.

Pedro es inteligente también. Pedro is also smart.

When an adjective ends in –or, an –a is added to describe a feminine noun. Juan es trabajador. Juan is hardworking. Luz es trabajadora. Luz is hardworking. Some adjectives that end in –a, such as deportista, turista, artista and pianista, describe both masculine and feminine nouns. You will need to learn which adjectives follow this pattern. Tomás es deportista. Tomás is sports- minded.

Marta es deportista también. Marta is sports- minded also.

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Treat adjectives like ice creams! There are two kinds: Baskin Robins and Ice milk. Baskin Robbins is the one with many flavors (rojo, roja, rojos,

rojas) and the other one only comes in two flavors (plain and plural).

AAA Adjectives Agree After = the position of adjectives and the fact that they must agree.

Ejemplo: white house

casa blanca

Nouns can also be singular or plural thus adjectives must be singular or plural. To make an adjective plural apply the following:

If the singular form of the adjective ends in a

Add Example

vowel “s”.. sabrosa sabrosas

consonant “es”. popular populares

La hamburguesa es sabrosa. Las hamburguesas son sabrosas. El pastel es muy popular. Los pasteles son muy populares.

Masculine Feminine

ordenado ordenada

trabajador trabajadora

paciente paciente

deportista deportista

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When an adjective describes a group including both masculine and feminine nouns, use the masculine plural form. La lechuga, las zanahorias y los tomates son buenos para salud. Don’t forget the singular form of mucho means “much.” but that the plural form, muchos (as), means “many.” No como mucha carne, pero como muchas verduras

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Tener To Have The verb tener (to have) is used to talk about things or activities that you have. The verb tener (to have) has the following forms: yo tengo nosotros tenemos

tú tienes vosotros tenéis

él

ella tiene usted

ellos ellas tienen ustedes

The following descriptions are used with tener and should not be used with ser. Notice these have more to do with appearance instead of personality or characteristics.

Ejemplo: Maria tiene el pelo rubio y yo tengo el pelo castaño. Maria has blond hair and I have chestnut colored hair. No me gusta tener el pelo rizado. I don’t like having curly hair. Muchos estudiantes tienen frenillos. Many students have braces.

el pelo rubio blond hair

el pelo castaño brown hair

el pelo oscuro dark hair el pelo rizado curly hair los frenillos braces

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Expansión de Vocabulario

Describe Yourself and Others Personality callado (a) quiet extrovertido (a) outgoing sincero (a) sincere paciente patient ambicioso (a) ambitious Appearance El pelo lacio straight hair calvo (a) bald People

el policía police officer

la policía police officer

el actor actor la actriz actress el bombero firefighter (male) la bombera firefighter (female) la secretaria secretary (male) el secretario Secretary (female) el jefe boss la jefa boss

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Unidad 1 Estados Unidos Lección

2 Mis amigos y yo Chapter Notes

Nouns

1 U1L2 Vocabulary

Adjectives

Definite and Indefinite Articles