UNICEF Social Protection Work an overview

Show and Tell on Social Protection Bonn, 2011

• UNICEF and social protection– Rationale:

• Equity approach• Social protection and children

– Child-Sensitive Social Protection– Guiding Principles– On-going work– Agenda for action– Work with Partners: Social Protection Floor

Presentation Outline

Kendra GregsonSenior Advisor, Social Welfare and Justice Systems

Child Protection Systems: Mapping and Assessment

1. From issues to systems – a convergence of academics and practitioners, of countries from all income levels

2. What is a system – definitions and components

3. System typologies

4. Mapping and assessment

5. Results – systems change

Outline of presentation

“…to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation, including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child…”

Prevention and Response

Child Protection (CRC Article 19)

• 51 million children not registered at birth

• 1.2 million children trafficked worldwide yearly

• 158 million child labourers (5-14 years) in developing countries

• 250,000 children associated with armed forces and groups in 20 countries

• + 15 million children have lost one or both parents to AIDS

• 1 million children are in detention, many before trial

• 500 million to 1.5 billion children experience violence annually in the form of physical, sexual and/or emotional abuse in the home, school, community and institutional settings

DATA (estimates)

VERTICAL PROGRAMMING• Working on a specific area or issue – narrow target group

and results sought• Focus on the isolated chain from problem to solution• Technocratic

SYSTEMS APPROACH• Whole child – variety of responses• Nesting and reverberation• Social-technical

Vertical Programming > Systems Approach

Fragmentation – children face multiple issues, institutions exposed to children with multiple risks

Resources – multiple administrations

Economic crisis, situations of fragility – lack of capacity to respond

Prevention – to reduce the likelihood of the risk

Public perception – demand to do more (for specific concerns)

Complexities – multiple actors, multiple answers

Learnings from other sectors – health, education

Why the shift from issues to systems

Child protection systems comprise the set of laws, policies, regulations and services needed across all social sectors — especially social welfare, education, health, security and justice — to support prevention and response to protection related risks. (UNICEF 2008)

Child Protection Systems

Adapting a Systems Approach (UNICEF, UNHCR, Save the Children)

World Vision

UN High Commissioner for Refugees

Save the Children

UNICEF 2010 UNHCR 2010 World Vision 2011 Save the Children 2010

structures coordination coordination, cooperation and collaboration mechanisms

Meaningful coordination across government and between sectors at different levels

children's resilience, life skills and participation

Children’s voices and participation

aware and supportive publicfunctions legal & policy laws, policies, standards

and regulationsCP laws and policies, compliant with the CRC & international standards

Effective regulation, minimum standards, and oversight

capacities capacities capacities A skilled child protection workforce Adequate fundingcontinuum of care

prevention & response services

services & service delivery mechanisms

Preventive & responsive services

process of care

circle of care

accountability knowledge & data

accountability Knowledge & data on CP issues & good practices

advocacy & awareness raising

Nesting – systems within systemsReverberation – interactions within and between systemsActors – children, families; public, privateIn/formal – statutory, customary

Additional features of Child Protection Systems

Child Protection – abuse a result of poor/bad parenting and child requires protection (US, UK, Australia…) (Gilbert 2007)

Family Service – abuse a problem of family dysfunction that arose from social difficulties, and that respond to family support (Nordic, Continental) (Gilbert 2007)

Child Focus – child as an individual with an independent relationship to the state; concern is child’s overall development and wellbeing (Gilbert et al 2011)

Community Care – issues arise due to the disconnect between the customary & dominant culture within the child protection system (New Zealand/Maori) (Freymond et al 2006)

Typologies – Social Norms and Determinants

• Clear picture of the structure and function of the CP system and the actors engaged

• Effectiveness and efficiency• Understand the linkages and relationships• Recognise the interactions between core & allied sectors

Goal is to identify actions to strengthen the child protection system

Mapping and Assessment

WCAR Interagency – influenced by community caring model; relationship between statutory and customary practices (Child Frontiers)

UNHCR – relationship of the refugee population with the CP system of the country they are located

UNICEF Global – low & middle income adaptable, synthesize what is known to identify & prioritize actions to strengthen CP system (Maestral Int’al)

Mapping and Assessment Tools

General Country Information

System Overview

Continuum of Care

Resource Mobilis./Fiscal Accountab.

Summary & Strategy Development

Terminology

Basic Information &

Risk ProfileGlobal Context

Policy ContextData for

DecisionmakingSummary

Charts & Tables

Structures, Functions & CapacitiesSpecific

Ministries (Core)

Specific Ministries

(Secondary)Ministry Strategy

&PrioritiesCommunity Structures, Functions, Capacities

Children &JusticeJustice Process

Civil Society

Annexes

Summary of PrioritiesMoving Forward

Sector Costing Tool

Capacity Costing

Bibliography

UNICEF Global Toolkit

• To examine specifically the social service workforce (East and Southern Africa)

• To ensure inclusion of children and families in the mapping and identification of priorities (e.g. Kenya, Pakistan, Zambia)

• Specific tools have been developed such as in Kosovo to look specifically at minority groups, in Cambodia to look at the community resources and capacities

• Overlying focus – Bhutan and disability

Supplementary Tools

• Stakeholders – who, where, what• Plan – who does what, what are the

boundaries• Customise – uniqueness of the context• Synthesise – what we know, what we do not

know, what we need to know• Verify – review and consolidate• Programme – the real purpose

Process

• Laws, Policies, Standards and Regulations• Cooperation, coordination and collaboration• Capacity building• Service and service delivery mechanism• Communication, education, and

mobilisation for change• Financial resources• Accountability mechanisms

Priorities

Child Protection Structures, Functions and Capacities ToolKenya

1C. Children in Justice Mapping and AssessmentNote: Please answer the questions that are relevant to system relating to children in justice. If a category or question is Not Applicable (N.A.), please record N.A.

NAME OF LEAD JUSTICE MINISTRY/AGENCY:Provide an organigram of the children in justice sector.

Ministry Overview

QuestionFormal Responsibilities or

Requirements Strengths/WeaknessesI. STRUCTURES

Describe the connections and coordination between this Ministry and other national ministries and agencies in the area of child protection.

Formal hierarchy from National to District level. The NCCS is the umbrella body. Other line ministries include: Labour, Health, Finance, Local Government and Education

Ministry of Home Affairs and Ministry of justice are not represented in a merit council setup. (W) NCCS is an attempt to draw a system / multisectoral approach to children's issues. Issues regarding children are fragmented (W). Lack of specifically designed children's' court. (only 4). Independence of NCCS from the Ministry to be able to control children matters and coordinate all sectors.

Which of the Ministry's subsidiary units (departments, agencies, etc.) at the national level have responsibility for children in justice?

Children's' Department, Probation and After care Services, Police, Provincial Admin., Prisons Dept.,

Specifically trained officers (S). Lack of prosecutionpowers (W).

Describe any regional level of the Ministry, and its relationship to the national level.

Provincial, Coordination, Ensure compliance . Dissemination of information. Link with Headquarters and field.

Inadequate implementation of policies, inadequate tech. capacities, limited resources. Coordination and dissemination of info is a strength. Planning as well. Forms linkage btn national and local level.

Systems Change – KenyaMedium Term Expenditure Framework

Strengthening the Legal and Policy Framework for Child Protection, amendments to the Children’s Act, harmonizing legislation

Improving the Organization, Management and Administration of Child Protection - clarify the roles, responsibilities, and partnership

Enhancing the Quality and Access of Child Protection Services and Benefits: improve access to and quality of services and benefits, including staff recruitment, retention and training

Strengthening the Capacity of the Justice System to Respond to Children’s Needs: improve access to and quality of services, for all children who have any relationship with the justice system, including the development of a child friendly court and police system

• Angola• Azerbaijan• Bhutan• Botswana• Burundi• Cambodia• Central African

Republic• Cote d’Ivoire• DRC• Egypt• Ethiopia

• Ghana• Guatemala• Kazakhstan• Kenya• Kosovo• Kyrgyzstan• Lebanon• Malawi• Mozambique• Namibia• Niger• Pakistan

• Rwanda• Senegal• Sierra Leone• Somalia• Tanzania• Tunisia• Uganda• Uzbekistan• Yemen• Zambia• Zimbabwe

Mapping and Assessment

Systems Exist - Common components,

Systems are a product of their environment – relationship of in/formal; who are the actors and how they engage; what drives the CP system

Use – clear identification of policy and political entry points key to implement results; how will the evidence be used

CP on the agenda – collaborative process, key stakeholders

Process – for a paradigm shift, for new partnerships

Stakeholders – all need to be involved including children and families

Findings from Mapping Process

Thank you

http://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_58022.html#core