Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z:...
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![Page 1: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Uniaxial crystal
o x yn n n
e zn n
“ordinary index”
“extraordinary index”
Call the unique direction z: “optic axis”
Ordinary wave or ray:Any wave with polarization E to the optic axis (OA).The wave travels with index no.Extraordinary wave or ray:Any wave with E component along OA! (polarization in the k-OA plane).The wave travels with index between no and ne, which we call the function ne(q). Angle q between k and OA
![Page 2: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OA
General case: 2k’s, 2S’s
![Page 3: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Crystals may be cut at any angle vs. the optic axis!
2 2 2 2( )
sin coso e
e
o e
n nn
n n
22 2
22 2 2 2 2 2
1yx z
o o e
uu u
nn n n n n n
Optic axis
kq
becomes
![Page 4: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
ne>no no>ne
![Page 5: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
For this cut of crystal and k vector shown, an e-wave is the ____a) s-polarization b) p-polarization c) both s,p are e-wavesd) neither s,p are e-waves
Don’t confuse s,p polarization with o,e polarization! No direct connection
OA
![Page 6: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
OA
For this cut of crystal and k vector shown, an e-wave is the ____a) s-polarization b) p-polarizationc) both s,p are e-wavesd) neither s,p are e-waves
![Page 7: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Text gives equations for directions of S, E for ONLY the case in this picture: OA the interface….
Finding E, S directions for the extraordinary wave
so these equations aren’t very important…
OA
![Page 8: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Finding E, B, S directions for the extraordinary wave
0 0
0 0
0 0
x x x
y o y y
z z z
P E
P E
P E
Gives ratios of E components
z
x
o
BS E
oo
k EB
0ok E P
![Page 9: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What is to what?
EEOA E
S
oE P
k
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Polarizing prisms
Good for high powered lasers.(no heating from absorption)
Cut and rejoin, with OA perhaps oriented differently.
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Polarizing prisms from uniaxial crystals
In prism d, which exiting beam was the e-ray in the material it left?
a) topb) bottom
![Page 12: Uniaxial crystal “ordinary index” “extraordinary index” Call the unique direction z: “optic axis” Ordinary wave or ray: Any wave with polarization E](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649eaa5503460f94baee3a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Polarizing prisms
In prism a, the the beams are separated by ___TIR
So in this material which index is greater?
a) n-eb) n-o
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Polarizing prisms
In prism b, the beams (k’s) are separated by Snell’s law. Imagine the k-vectors are shown.
So in this material which index is greater?
a) n-eb) n-o