UNH InterOperability Lab
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Transcript of UNH InterOperability Lab
UNH InterOperability Lab
Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA)
Use Cases
Presentation Topics
• SATA Uses in the Enterprise
• SATA Uses in Personal Computing
• Device Form Factors
• ODD, HDD, and SSD Devices
• Port Multipliers
SATA Uses in the Enterprise
• Scalability and Cost
• Cabling and Connections
• Performance and SATA / SAS Compatibility
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Scalability and Cost
• SATA is highly viable for servers and storage networks
• One SATA controller can aggregate multiple ports
• Multiple SATA drives can be linked using backplanes and external enclosures
Scalability and Cost
• SATA was designed to provide excellent speed and storage at a low cost
• Cost and scalability provides potential for greater storage capacity at a lower cost than networked or server storage
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Cabling and Connections
• Point-to-point connectivity
• Thin and relatively small (compared to PATA) cables allow for simple routing and better airflow within systems
• SATA was designed to eliminate master and slave setups as well as drive jumpers
Cabling and Connections
• Hot-swapping is supported (drives can be added or removed while system is running)
• Connectors allow for simple external RAID through backplanes
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SATA Cables
• Up to 1 meter in length, 7 conductors (3 grounds and 2 pairs of data lines)
Performance and SATA/SAS Compatibility
• First Generation SATA (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Second Generation SATA (3.0 Gbit/s)
• Third Generation SATA (6.0 Gbit/s)
• Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
• Interoperability with SAS Initiators and Expanders
First Generation SATA (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Communication rate of 1.5 Gbit/s for data transfer
• At the application level, only one transaction can be handled at a given time
First Generation SATA (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Throughput capabilities similar to PATA/133 specification
• All optical drives operate at 1.5 Gbit/s transfer rate as well as many hard disk drives and hosts
Second Generation SATA (3.0 Gbit/s)
• Designed to compensate for first generation shortcomings
• Native Command Queuing (NCQ) support added for both 1.5 and 3.0 Gbit/s devices
• Backwards compatibility with 1.5 controllers and 3.0 Gbit/s devices
Second Generation SATA (3.0 Gbit/s)
• Second Generation SATA devices can drop to 1.5 Gbit/s transfer rate when communicating with First Generation devices
• 3.0 Gbit/s transfer rate supported by many hosts and hard disk drives
Third Generation SATA (6.0 Gbit/s)
• With introduction of Solid State Disk (SSD) drives, which operate at the 250 MB/s limit net read speed, enhancements were required
• Isochronous data transfers in the NCQ streaming command were added
• All DRAM cache reads operate at faster rates with Third Generation
Third Generation SATA (6.0 Gbit/s)
• New NCQ host processing and management
• Power management improved
• Former SATA cables and connectors still meet specification
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
• When drive receives multiple commands from an application, NCQ optimizes how the commands will be completed
• Drive must intelligently and internally assess the destination of the logic block addresses and then order the commands to optimize the workload
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
• This is due to the fact that the mechanical movement needed to position the read / write head is relevant
• This improves performance and minimizes the mechanical positioning for the drive
Native Command Queuing (NCQ)
• Commands are ordered in the queue to minimize mechanical movement
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Interoperability with SAS Initiators and Expanders
• SATA protocol was designed to interoperate with SAS
• SATA drives can be used in many SAS enclosures
• SATA targets are designed to connect to SAS initiators and expanders
• However, SATA initiators cannot connect to SAS targets and expanders
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SATA Uses in Personal Computing
• Better performance than and backwards compatibility with PATA (Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment)
• Enhanced reliability
• Flexible system integration
SATA v. PATA Performance and Compatibility
• Simplified operation with hot-swapping
• SATA cables have only 7 conductors (two pairs of differential signaling lines, one for transmission, one for receiving and three grounds) improving accessibility
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SATA v. PATA Performance and Compatibility
• SATA devices can be set up to behave like PATA devices through “legacy mode” settings
• Devices look as if they are on a PATA controller
• Through eSATA connectivity internal SATA devices can connect to end systems externally
Enhanced Reliability
• Packet integrity is verified by Cyclic Redundancy Checking (CRC)
• CRC authenticates all data, validates that no corruption exists
• SATA also uses CRC to communicate what data should be read or written and to watch drive optimization
• Available latching connectors
Flexible System Integration
• SATA is scalable, allowing for growth and augmentations to the platform
• SATA supports all ATA and ATAPI devices (CD, DVD, CDRW, tape devices, Zip, etc.)
• USB and IEEE1394 support for eSATA
Device Form Factors
• 2.5” Side and Bottom Mounting Device
• 3.5” Side and Bottom Mounting Device
• 5.25” Optical Device
• 5.25” Non-optical Device
• 9.5 mm Slim-line Drive
• 12.7 mm Slim-line Drive
• 1.8” SATA Drive
2.5” Side and Bottom Mounting Device
• Form Factor for SSD and HDD applications
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3.5” Side and Bottom Mounting Device
• Form Factor for disk drives
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5.25” Optical Device
• Form Factor for CD, DVD, CDRW, DVDRW, etc. drives
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9.5 mm Slim-line Drive
• Form Factor for many laptop optical drives
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12.7 mm Slim-line Drive
• Form Factor for many laptop optical drives
1.8” SATA Drive
• Form Factor for many drives designed for portable devices and notebook computers
Types of SATA Drives
• Optical Disk Drives (ODD)
• Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
• Solid State Disk Drives (SSD)
Optical Disk Drives (ODD)
• All SATA Optical Disk Drives operate at Generation 1 speed (1.5 Gbit/s)
• Offered in 5.25”, 9.5 mm, and 12.7 mm form factors
• Capabilities include CD, DVD, CDRW, DVDR, DVDRW
Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
• SATA Hard Disk Drives can operate at all speeds: 1.5 Gbit/s, 3.0 Gbit/s, and 6.0 Gbit/s
• Operating speeds of 4200 rpm, 5400 rpm, 7200 rpm, and 10,000 rpm
• Seen in all form factors (enclosures available for 9.5 mm and 12.7 mm are available)
Solid State Disk Drives (SSD)
• SSD drives have many advantages over HDD drives
• Typically composed of DRAM or NAND memory
• No moving parts: faster startup, reading, constant performance, silent, lower heat production and power consumption, more resistant to physical shock and climate
Solid State Disk Drives (SSD)
• Some disadvantages compared to HDD drives
• Considerably higher cost, lower relative capacities, limited write cycles, slower write speeds
Port Multipliers
• What Port Multipliers Do
• How Port Multipliers Operate
• How Port Multipliers are Cost-effective
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What Port Multipliers Do
• From one SATA port, multiple drives or devices can communicate
• Placed on the backplane of a SATA enclosure
What Port Multipliers Do
• Transparent operation to the drives attached
• All SATA drives are supported
How Port Multipliers Operate
• One SATA port multiplier host connects to many SATA drives
• Operation is similar to USB hubs but performance is in line with an aggregated switch
How Port Multipliers Operate
• Host bus adapter communicates with all drives but each subsequent drive is unaware of the multiplexing
• Drives act as if they are connected directly to the host
How Port Multipliers Operate
• Note that the available bandwidth on the 3Gbit/s link limits drive connectivity, maintaining efficiency and performance
• Bus to SATA Devices
• Bus to SATA PM to Devices
How Port Multipliers are Cost-effective
• Allow extended device scalability
• Up to 15 SATA devices can link to the host with one cable
• Efficient packaging
How Port Multipliers are Cost-effective
• Greater performance than Firewire / USB external drives
• Only one host adapter is required as one PCI slot is needed
• No performance loss
Sources• http://www.serialata.org/technology/why_sata.asp• http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-sata-or-serial-ata.htm• http://www.thaiinternetwork.com/backend/imagefile/0213_3.jpg• http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/l0907/41l07/41l07.asp• http://www.blogcdn.com/www.engadget.com/media/2007/10/wd-scorpio-320gb.jpg• http://c1.neweggimages.com/productimage/22-136-317-03.jpg• http://computer-reviews.net/files/Toshiba%20Dual%20Layer%20DVD%20Writer.jpg• http://www.pcstats.com/articleimages/200708/LGGSAH62N_sata2.jpg• http://www.techfresh.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/toshiba-250gb-sata-disk.jpg• http://www.serialata.org/technology/port_multipliers.asp• http://freshisback.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/skyscraper.jpg• http://www.uriel-law.com/images/ComputerNetwork.jpg• http://www.tomsguide.com/us/intel-ss4000e-raid5-nas,review-714-4.html• http://img.tomshardware.com/us/2007/08/10/unified_serial_raid_controllers_for_pci_express/sata-
sas.jpg• http://img.zdnet.com/techDirectory/_SATPAT.JPG• http://www.sataport.com/5-port-sata-multiplier-silicon-image2.jpg
UNH InterOperability Lab
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