UNESCO's Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Approach
Transcript of UNESCO's Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Approach
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Items of Presentation
• Introduction: Historic Cities and the World Heritage Convention
• Urban Conservation Challenges
• Current Issues in the Debate
• The Historic Urban Landscape approach
Stone Town, Zanzibar
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Introduction
• The 1972 World Heritage Convention: 39 years of Global Conservation Doctrine
• 187 States Parties: near-Universal Adherence (193 UNESCO Member States)
• Periodic Reporting and Monitoring System
• Annual World Heritage Committee meeting: International Platform for Engagement & Cooperation
• Increase of Politics in Heritage and Emergence of Global Phenomena
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260 World Heritage Cities
350 World Heritage sites in urban areas
936 World Heritage Sites (2011)
Tallinn Brasilia
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Vienna (Austria)
World Heritage, 2001
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“Wien-Mitte” Project Site, 2002
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View from the Belvedère in centre of Vienna
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New Project 2005: Henke & Schreieck Arch.
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Taj Mahal, India
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Taj Mahal (2003)
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Potala Palace in Lhasa, Tibet
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Traditional neighborhood, Lhasa
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Traditional Architecture of Mali
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Timbuktu, Mali (2006)
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London Plan:14 tall buildings under construction and 94 applications under review
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Urban backdrop of the Tower of London
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Remaining unimpaired iconic view of Tower
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The Current Context
Since early 1970s Market Liberalisation, Decentralisation & Privatisation have created:
New Challenges to Established Urban Conservation Approaches:
1. Evolution of Role of Heritage in Society
2. Appropriation of Heritage by Local Communities
3. Growing Acceptance of Heritage as Public Commodity with Economic Value for Profit Making
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Current Issues in the Debate
• SETTING: old & new urban pressures
• CONTEXT: loss of tradition & continuity
• Developments happen OUTSIDE
Conservation Areas
• INSIDE: Limits of Acceptable Change?
• Discipline has NO TOOLS for Objective &
Scientific Assessment – INCONSISTENCY
• VALUES-Based Conservation
Management
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The Concept of Value
• In the cultural context, value is defined as the social-cultural association of qualities to things or places
• Values can be seen as constructs and results of learning processes
• Values evolve over time
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Outstanding Universal Value
• OUV characterizing cultural heritage should be interpreted as an outstanding response to issues of universal nature common to or addressed by all human cultures (Amsterdam, 1998)
• In relation to culture this is reflected in human creativity and resulting in cultural diversity (UNESCO, 2005)
• Definition and application of OUV are made by people and will be subject to evolution over time (changing values) (Kazan, 2007)
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Meaning of a Place
• Why was this place developed originally?
• What spiritual/cultural meanings/perceptions were associated with the place over time?
• What is the
principal story and
how is this
expressed in the
property?
Bamiyan Valley
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Historic Urban Landscape: A Management Approach
• Recognition of dynamic nature of living cities (vs. static “groups of buildings”): entry Management of CHANGE
• Landscape approach: layering of significances & values
• Broadened perception: toolkit expansion
• Broadening of OUV and Context (genius loci) as guiding principles
• Follow morphologies & typologies
• Visual & Social Impact Studies
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Adoption on 10 November 2011
• 41 Member States intervened (1,5 hours)
• “An important tool that is timely, well-elaborated, taking into account need for socio-economic development, planning, cultural diversity, intangible heritage, as well as the role of local communities”
• Awareness, Training & Capacity Building
• Associated Action Plan part of Resolution
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UNESCO’s Follow-up 1
• Testing Workshops: Baku - Lamu - Ilha - Stonetown Zanzibar - SaintLouis - Naples
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UNESCO’s Follow-up 2
• Under Development: Hangzhou - Brasilia – Indian Heritage Cities with World Bank
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UNESCO’s Follow-up 3
• Case-law: Liverpool - Kathmandu Reactive Monitoring Missions
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HUL Action Plan
• Surveys and mapping of city’s natural, cultural and human resources (assets)
• Reach consensus (participatory planning, stakeholder consultations) what values to protect + attributes that carry values
• Assess vulnerability to socio-economic stresses and impacts of climate change
• Develop a vision on city development
• Prioritize policies & actions for conservation and development
• Partnerships + management frameworks