UNESCO GENDER AND MEDIA RESEARCH€¦ · UNESCO GENDER AND MEDIA RESEARCH . 1 Guidelines for the...

2014

Contact:

Alton Grizzle

Programme Specialist

Section for Media Development

and Society

[email protected]

UNESCO GENDER AND MEDIA

RESEARCH

mailto:[email protected]

1

Guidelines for the questionnaire

1. Objectives

This Questionnaire was prepared by UNESCO based on relevant sections of the Beijing

Declaration and Platform for Action. It is designed to:

1) Gather, analyze and distribute empirical data on progress towards achieving

Strategic Objective J of the Beijing Declaration, Media and Gender, from the

standpoint of government actions;

2) Raise awareness of the topic among Member States and make recommendations

as to how media can be integrated into national gender policies and strategies,

and;

3) Contribute to 2015’s 20-year review of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for

Action through publication and dissemination of the research results.

2. Background

This questionnaire follows on the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, which

consists of 12 strategic objectives and actions, and specifically Strategic Objective J,

Women and the Media.

This Strategic Objective is directly relevant to both UNESCO’s Priority Gender Equality and

the Organization’s mandate to promote free, independent and pluralistic media.

These intersections are why UNESCO plays a leadership role in follow-up to the Beijing

Declaration and Platform for Action in the area of gender and media.

The Questionnaire aims to address the state of gender equality throughout the media:

in people’s participation in the media (in access to media, including access to

training in media skills; and in equal employment of women and men in media),

and

through the media (in media content).

3. Scope

National Commissions for UNESCO are being requested to respond to the questions

below through coordination with relevant ministries of government, other government

institutions, organizations/institutions supported by government, civil society groups,

technical experts, etc. To ensure comprehensive responses to the questions, National

Commissions are being requested to complete the questionnaire over a two month

period (15 October 2014 to 15 December).

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4. Guidelines for responses

National Commissions are encouraged to designate one coordinator for each of the

section and to coordinate with the organizations listed below and others as deemed

necessary, to provide responses. The questionnaire can be filled in only once. A unique

key will be provided to each National Commission. This must be used to submit each

section of the questionnaire. It is advisable to gather all data for each section, and then

complete all questions within the section all at once. To avoid confusion, please help us

not to disseminate the link to the survey provided, other than to relevant

organizations that will assist with its completion.

The questionnaire covers the following fields:

Fields Organizations that may assist in

responses

Introductory Questions (Q.1-5)

I. Policy, legal, regulatory framework and monitoring (Q. 6-11)

Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Gender

Equality and/or other related entities,

audiovisual regulatory body/authority,

NGOs, etc.

II. Employment and career development (Q. 12-15)

Ministry of Labor, Ministry of Gender

Equality and/or other related entities,

publicly-owned media, NGOs, etc.

III. Education, training and skills building (Q. 16-26)

Educational institutions that receive public

funding, Ministry of Education, Ministry of

Gender Equality and/or other related

entities, publicly-owned media, etc.

IV. Research (Q. 27-28)

Ministry of Education, educational

institutions, think tanks, publicly-owned

media, NGOs, etc.

V. Public awareness and dialogue (Q. 29-33)

Ministry of Gender Equality and/or other

related entities, publicly-owned media,

NGOs, etc.

VI. Gender in media content (Q. 34-43)

Ministry of Communication and/or other

related entities, audiovisual regulatory

body/authority, publicly-owned media,

NGOs, etc.

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This study uses the following definitions:

Gender equality: UNESCO’s Priority Gender Equality Action Plan (2014-2021) states that gender

equality: “refers to the equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities of women and

men and girls and boys”. It adds that this “implies that the interests, needs and

priorities of both women and men are taken into consideration, recognizing the

diversity of different groups of women and men”.1

Gender balance (or gender parity):

For UNESCO, this is a numeric concept for measuring whether representation and

participation is appropriate to ensuring consideration of the interests, needs and

priorities of both women and men. Gender balance is a necessary but not sufficient

step on the road to gender equality.

Gender mainstreaming:

This is the process of integrating a gender-sensitive perspective in all activities carried

by an organization, including its policies, programmes, trainings, recruitment and

evaluations with the main aim being to achieve gender equality.

Primary education2:

Primary education used in this document refers to programmes designed to provide

students with fundamental skills in reading, writing and mathematics (i.e. literacy and

numeracy). The customary or legal age of entry is usually not below 5 years old nor

above 7 years old. Primary education typically lasts until age 10 to 12.

Secondary education:

Secondary education used in this document refers to programmes typically designed

to build on the learning outcomes from primary education (lower secondary

education) and prepare for tertiary education or provide skills relevant to

employment, or both (upper secondary education). Usually, the aim is to lay the

foundation for lifelong learning and human development. Students enter secondary

education typically between ages 10 and 13 and finish between 17 and 19.

Tertiary education:

Tertiary education used in this document refers to all types of education above

secondary level and is commonly understood as academic education that includes

advanced vocational, professional education, certificate, diploma, Bachelor’s or

equivalent level, Master’s or equivalent level, and doctoral or equivalent level.

For questions or clarifications please contact Alton Grizzle, [email protected].

1

UNESCO, 2014, UNESCO Priority Gender Equality Action Plan (2014-2021). Available at:

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/themes/gender-equality/ (Accessed on 13 August 2014) 2 The definition of primary, secondary and tertiary education used here is of the UNESCO International Standard

Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. UNESCO, 2012, International Standard Classification of Education

ISCED 2011. Available at: http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-standard-classification-of-

education.aspx (Accessed on 3 September 2014)

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.unesco.org/new/en/unesco/themes/gender-equality/

http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-standard-classification-of-education.aspx

http://www.uis.unesco.org/Education/Pages/international-standard-classification-of-education.aspx

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QUESTIONNAIRE

1. Country Name* (Select appropriate from drop down menu):

[Insert List of all countries via drop down menu]

2. Does the government formally have national gender policies and strategies?

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide an extract of relevant text from these documents by

copying and pasting in the text area below.

Any comment:

3. Media are covered by governmental gender policies as follows: (Select appropriate

response or responses below):

a. Not at all

b. Gender balance in law and policy making

c. Gender balance in decision-making level of organizations, which applies also

to media organizations

d. Gender-equality in work and working conditions, which applies also to media

organizations

e. Gender balance in education and training, which applies also to the areas of

media and communication.

Any comment:

4. Does the government have budget/s to specifically promote gender equality in:

Aspects of Media Response (Y/N)

a. Media staffing?

Drop down menu (Yes, No)

b. Media content?


Introductory Questions

5

Any comment:

5. List the numbers of media that are publicly-owned:

Types of Media Number that are publicly-owned media

a. Radio stations Drop down menu (0-250)

b. Television stations Drop down menu

c. Newspapers Drop down menu

d. Cable Channels Drop down menu

e. Online Radio stations Drop down menu

f. Online Television channels Drop down menu

g. Online Newspapers Drop down menu

Any comment:

6. Policies are in place to ensure gender balance in the appointment of women and men

to all bodies as follows (Select appropriate responses from drop down menu for each

media related body):

Type of Media Related Governing Bodies Policies (Yes/No)

a. Board(s) of Directors of publicly-owned media

organizations


b. Advisory Board(s) of publicly-owned media

organizations

Drop down menu

c. Advisory Board(s) of Public

Regulatory/Audiovisual Authority/Commission

Drop down menu

d. National task forces set up in relation to media

issues

Drop down menu

e. Board(s) of Directors of private media

organizations

Drop down menu

Please provide reference for one example: name of document and web link if the

document is in the public domain ______________________________________

I. Policy, Legal, Regulatory Framework and Monitoring

6

Any comment:

7. Policies are in place to ensure that a balanced number of women and men work in the

publicly-owned media for each position level below (Select appropriate responses

from drop down menu for each occupational level). Indicate if your answers are

[select options] estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*

Positions Policies (Yes/No) Select Estimates or

Statistical Research*

a. Governance Boards Drop down menu

(Yes/No)

Drop down menu

(Estimates/Statistical

research)

b. Top-level Management Drop down menu Drop down menu

c. Middle-Management

Positions

Drop down menu Drop down menu

d. Senior Level Professional

(Example Senior

Journalists etc.)

Drop down menu Drop down menu

e. Junior-level Professional Drop down menu Drop down menu

f. Camera Persons Drop down menu Drop down menu

g. Journalists Drop down menu Drop down menu

Any comment:

8. Within the past three years, there have been reviews of existing policies of the

publicly-owned media or audiovisual regulatory body/authority to assess the extent

to which a gender perspective is integrated. Indicate if your answers are [select

options] estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*

Response Select Estimates or Statistical Research*

Drop down menu (Yes/No) Drop down menu (Estimates/Statistical

research)

Please give one example including: specific objectives, how the review was carried

out, key findings and any actions taken as a result of findings

_________________________

Any comment:

7

9. Are there media regulations for regulatory bodies that relate to gender equality in

content, staffing and/or ownership? Indicate if your answers are [select options]

estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*



research)



Any comment:

10. Are there media regulations for boards of media organizations that relate to gender

equality in content, staffing and/or ownership? Indicate if your answers are [select

options] estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*



research)



Any comment:

11. Please select the approximate proportions of women and men who participate in the

formulation or implementation of media policy or law, by each position level below

(Select from drop down menu): Indicate if your answers are [select options]


Professional

Capacity

Number of

Women

Number of Men Select Estimates

or Statistical

Research*

a. Parliamentarians Drop down menu

(None, 1, …, 300)

Drop down menu

(None, 1, …, 300)

Drop down menu

(Estimates/Statist

ical research)

b. Minister of

Government

Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

c. Experts Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

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d. Civil Society

Representatives


e. Regulators Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

f. Judges Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

Any comment:

12. At least once in the past three years, authorities have monitored the following

gender-media issues (Select appropriate response or responses). Indicate if your

answers are [select options] estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*

Response Yes/No Select Estimates or

Statistical/Credible

Research*

a. Employment of women at all levels of

the publicly-owned media

Yes/No Drop down menu

(Estimates/Statistical or

credible research)

b. Employment of women at all levels of

the statutory regulatory body/ies


c. Employment of women at all levels of

media education/training institutions

that receive public funds


d. Number of women and men as

registered for degrees/diplomas for

media/communication/journalism


e. Number of women and men as

lecturers of

media/communication/journalism

programmes


f. Integration of gender in media

training programmes of education

institutions receiving public funds


g. Non stereotypical content on women

and men in publicly-owned media


h. Women’s involvement in the

development of media laws


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Any comment:

13. Does government aim at gender equality in the appointment of women and men in

the following bodies and in what proportion?

Type of Media Related Governing Bodies Minimum Proportion of Women

a. Advisory Board of Public Media Drop down menu (No, below 20%,

20-29%, 30-39%, 40-49%, 50% and

above)

b. Board of Directors of Public Media Drop down menu

c. Advisory Board of Public

Regulatory/Audiovisual

Authority/Commission

Drop down menu

d. National Task Force/s set up in

relation to media issues

Drop down menu

e. Board of Directors of Private Media

Organizations

Drop down menu

Please provide two examples of advisory, management, regulatory or other bodies

over which the government has influence, where this was pursued. Give the name

of organizations and the proportion of women and men appointed.

___________________________________________________________________

Any comment:

14. Please select the appropriate number of women and men working in publicly-owned

media for each position level below (Select appropriate responses from drop down

menu for each occupational level). Indicate if your answers are [select options]


Positions Number of

Women

Number of Men Select Estimates

or statistical

Research*

a. Governance

Boards

Drop down menu

(None, 1, …,

Drop down menu

(None, 1, …,

Drop down menu

(Estimates/Statist

II. Employment and career development

10

1000) 1000) ical research)

b. Top-level

Management


c. Middle-

Management

Positions


d. Senior Level

Professional

(Example Senior

Journalists etc.)


e. Junior-level

Professional


f. Camera Persons Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

g. Other Journalists Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

h. All Positions Drop down menu

(none, 1, …,

5000)

Drop down menu

(none, 1, …,

5000)

Drop down menu

Any comment:

15. Please select the appropriate number of women and men working in the public

media/audiovisual regulatory body/authority for each position level below (Select

from drop down menu): Indicate if your answers are [select options] estimates or if

they draw upon statistical research*

Positions Number of

Women

Number of Men Select Estimates or

statistical Research*

a. Executive

Positions

Drop down menu

(None, 1, …,

1000)

Drop down menu

(None, 1, …,

1000)

Drop down menu


research)

b. Middle-

Management

Positions


c. Clerks Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

d. Technicians Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

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Any comment:

16. Women’s employment is promoted in all areas and levels of the media (Select

appropriate response or responses):

a. No

b. through national policies

c. through voluntary affirmative action policies or practices

d. through government enforced quotas

e. through broadcasting regulations

f. through statements from Ministers of government

g. through ethical codes for publicly-owned media

h. through conferences convened or financed by the government

i. through conferences attended by the government representatives

Any comment:

17. A policy is in place that supports and promotes women’s education and training, and

this policy also applies to the media.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please specify with details: title of policy document, web link if available in

public domain and extract of relevant clauses ______________________

Any comment:

18. How many national universities, colleagues or training institutions in the country have

media/communication/journalism courses and receive public funds? (Please select

appropriate for each type from drop down menu):

Training Institutions by Types Number of Training Institutions that

Receive Subventions

a. Universities Drop down menu (None, 1, 2, …, 200)

b. Colleges Drop down menu

c. Community Colleges Drop down menu

III. Education, training and skills building

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d. Training Institutes Drop down menu

Any comment:

19. What is number of women and men registered (2013/2014) for diplomas and degrees

in media/communication/journalism in these training institutions? (Please select

appropriate for each type from drop down menu): Indicate if your answers are

[select options] estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*

Training

Institutions by

Types

Number Women Number of Men Select Estimates or


a. Universities Drop down menu

(None, 1, …,

5000)

Drop down menu

(None, 1, …,

5000)

Drop down menu


research)

b. Colleges Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

c. Community

Colleges


d. Training

Institutes


Any comment:

20. What is number of women and men who are lecturers or trainers in

media/communication/journalism programmes? (Please select appropriate for each

type from drop down menu):

Indicate if your answers are [select options] estimates or if they draw upon

statistical research*

Training

Institutions by

Types

Numbers of

Women Lectures

Numbers of Men

Lectures

Select Estimates or


a. Universities Drop down menu

(0-100)

Drop down menu

(0-100)

Drop down menu


research)

b. Colleges Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

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c. Community

Colleges


d. Training

Institutes


Any comment:

21. There are specialized courses in gender equality in media training programmes of

national tertiary training institutions.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide two examples: title of course, type of gender equality issues

covered. ______________________

Any comment:

22. Gender equality issues are mainstreamed in media training programmes of national

tertiary training institutions.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide two examples: title of course, type of gender equality issues

mainstreams, and how are they mainstreamed. ______________________

Any comment:

23. Publicly-owned media support media executives and managers with frequent (at

least once per two years) internal and external training to encourage the creation and

use of non-stereotyped, balanced and diverse images of women in the media.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide two examples in 100 words describing duration of training,

year and topics covered.

___________________________________________________________________

Any comment:

24. Publicly-owned media support media professionals (journalists, camera, producers

etc.) with frequent (at least once per two years) internal and external training to

encourage the creation and use of non-stereotyped, balanced and diverse images of

women in the media.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide two examples in 100 words describing duration of training,

year and topics covered.

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___________________________________________________________________

Any comment:

25. Does the government encourage the media in general to voluntarily ensure gender-

sensitive training for media personnel, such as to encourage the creation and use of

non-stereotyped, balanced and diverse images of women in the media? (Select

appropriate response or responses.) Indicate if your answers are [select options]



Statistical/Credible Research*

a. through statements from

Ministers of government


(Estimates/Statistical or

credible research)

b. through ethical codes for

publicly-owned media


c. through affirmative action

policies and practices


d. through national conferences

convened or financed by the

government


e. through national conferences

attended by the government

representatives


f. through awards and honors Yes/No Drop down menu

Any comment:

26. Media literacy, information literacy or media and information literacy related courses

are made available to girls and boys at schools (Select appropriate response or

responses plus duration of course). Indicate if your answers are [select options]


Response Type of Course Duration of course Select Estimates or


Research*

a. Primary Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

15

(Media Literacy,

Information

Literacy or Media

and Information

Literacy)

(less than 3 months,

between 3 and 6

months, between 6

and 12 months,

more than a year)

(Estimates or

Statistical/credible

research)

b. Secondary Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

c. Tertiary Drop down menu Drop down menu Drop down menu

Any comment:

27. Gender equality issues are integrated in the training programmes mentioned in

question 26 above (Select appropriate reponse or responses). Indicate if your

answers are [select options] estimates or if they draw upon statistical research*



Research*

a. Primary Drop down menu

(Yes/No)

Drop down menu (Estimates

or Statistical/credible

research)

b. Secondary Drop down menu Drop down menu

c. Tertiary/Other Names Drop down menu Drop down menu

Any comment:

28. Government has a policy to encourage gender-related research with public funds, and

this policy includes the field of gender-media issues.

Response Select Estimates or Statistical

Research*


research)

IV. Research

16

Any comment:

29. Research studies concerning the following issues are supported with public funds.

(Select appropriate responses.)

Type of Research Responses (Yes/No)

a. the portrayal of women/men and girls/boys

and their multiple roles in the media

Drop down menu (YES/No)

b. gender equality in decision-making level in

media organizations

Drop down menu

c. gender equality in work and working

conditions in media organizations

Drop down menu

d. gender balance in

journalism/media/communication education

and training

Drop down menu

e. ethical codes and policies in favor of gender

equality in media content

Drop down menu

f. gender portrayal in advertising Drop down menu

Please describe at least one example relevant research supported (in 100 words,

including objectives, scope, key findings, and actions taken as a result of the

findings) and provide relevant link to reports if available

___________________________________________________________________

Any comment:

30. Does the government have ways of mainstreaming media and gender issues into a

range of policies, strategies and activities? Please select appropriate response or

responses.

a. None.

b. By integrating media and gender into social welfare programmes for women

and girls

c. By integrating media and gender in job creation for women and girls

d. By integrating media and gender in business development for women and

girls

V. Public Awareness and Dialogue

17

e. By integrating media and gender in national health education programmes for

women and girls

f. By integrating media and gender in national cultural policies and programmes

g. By in integrating media and gender in awards and honors

h. Other (give examples: _________________________________)

Any comment:

31. The publicly-owned media develop specific programmes to raise awareness on (Select

appropriate response or responses):



Select appropriate response or responses

Yes/No Select Estimates or Statistical research*

a. The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action

Yes/No Drop down menu (Estimates/Statistical research)

b. The Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women


c. Women rights in general Yes/No Drop down menu

Any comment:

32. There are programmes which are joint initiatives between government, women's

groups, networks, and NGOs that are active in media and gender equality issues.





research)

If yes, please give at least one examples of such initiative supported by the

government describing: objectives, target group, outcomes, and result of

assessment.

___________________________________________________________________

Any comment:

33. The publicly-owned media have directories of women media experts in various

subject areas as expert sources for news reports and interviews.

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a. Yes b. No

Any comment:

34. The following gender equality issues are promoted by government through media

campaigns (Select appropriate response or responses):



Response Yes/No Select Estimates or Statistical

Research*

a. the equal sharing of family

responsibilities that emphasize

gender equality and non-

stereotyped gender roles of

women and men within the

family



research)

b. the elimination of spousal and

child abuse and all forms of

violence against women,

including domestic violence


c. increasing public awareness of,

the human rights of women


If yes, please describe one of the programmes in 100 words in the text area

below and provide any relevant reference material including website links.

__________________________________________________________________

Any comment:

35. What measures are taken concerning representations of violence against women in

the media? Please select appropriate response or responses

a. Legislation or regulations in line with legitimate limitations on freedom of

expression and artistic freedom (i.e., specified in law, meeting standards of

necessity, proportionality and legitimate purpose).

b. encourage media self-regulation

c. public education

d. none

VI. Gender in Media Content

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Any comment:

36. The publicly-owned media has professional guidelines and codes of conduct and

other forms of self-regulation to promote the presentation of non-stereotyped images

of women?

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide extract of relevant text in the area below

_______________________________________________________________

Any comment:

37. The publicly-owned media have developed professional guidelines and codes of

conduct in the media including advertising that address:

Issues Response (Yes/No)

Violent materials concerning women Drop down menu (Yes/No)

Degrading materials concerning women Drop down menu

Protection of minors (girls and boys under age) from pornographic materials

Drop down menu

Any comment:

38. The publicly-owned media frequently produce and/or disseminate media materials on

women leaders, such as their experiences in: balancing work and family roles, as

professionals, as managers, and as entrepreneurs.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide two examples of the publicly-owned media’s efforts to

promote a balanced portrayal of women leader and their multiple roles in the

media. (Describe in 1OO words: objectives, target group, outcome, assessment

carried out and provide relevant web links or references to relevant documents)

________________________________________________________

Any comment:

39. There are frequent programmes aired or disseminated by publicly-owned media

about women and their experiences in resisting obstacles that stand in their way to

gender equality.

a. Yes b. No

If yes, please provide two examples. (Describe in 1OO words: objectives, target

group, outcome, assessment carried out and provide relevant web links or

references to relevant documents) ______________________________________

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Any comment:

UNESCO GENDER AND MEDIA RESEARCH€¦ · UNESCO GENDER AND MEDIA RESEARCH . 1 Guidelines for the...

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