Unemployment in india
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Transcript of Unemployment in india
Presentationof
Indian Economy
Unemployment in India
Topic
Submitted to
Dr. Pinki Assit. Prof. of CommerceIndira Gandhi University,
Meerpur
Submitted byBHAWNA SAINI
TARUNA KOCHER
MONIKA GUPTA
MADHUBALA
M.COM ‘HONS’ 5TH semester
ContentsMeaning of unemploymentDefination of unemploymentEffects of unemploymentCauses of unemploymentTypes of unemploymentSuggestions to solve unemployment
problemSteps taken by Government to increase
EmploymentEmployment in Eleventh five year plan
Meaning of Unemployment
Unemployment means a situation in which people
are willing to work, at the
existing rate of wage, but they do
not get work.
Pigou
“A man is unemployed only when he is both without a job
or not employed and also desires to be employed.”
Definition of Unemployment
Loss of Human Resour-
ces
Increase in Poverty
Socials Problems
Effects of Unemployment
Political Instabilit
y
Exploitatio-n of
Labourers
Causes of unemployment
Rapid growth of population
Automation
Agriculture, a seasonal Industry
Defective Education System
Less saving and investment
Lack of employment policy
Slow progress of Industrialisation
Slow economic growth
Open UnemploymentUnder UnemploymentEducated
UnemploymentIndustrial
UnemploymentRural Unemployment Urban UnemploymentSeasonal
UnemploymentFrictional
UnemploymentStructural
UnemploymentCyclical Unemployment
Types of Unemployment
It means the person does not get employment at all during the year. These person are willing to work , have necessary skills, capability ,but they are not able to find the work.
Open Unemploym
ent
It means the person gets employment for a few months and remains unemployed for some months. Secondly, it means person works at a job that is below his qualification.
Under Unemployme
nt
Educated unemployment
When educated people do not get job according to their educational standard it is called educated unemployment.
Industrial Unemployment
With the rapid growth of population and urbanisation, more people seek employment in industries. Because of seasonal nature of agriculture, people from village come to urban areas in search of industrial jobs.
Rural unemploymentIt is characterised by seasonal
unemployment and under unemployment.
Urban unemployment
It is characterised by educated unemployment, open unemployment and industrial unemployment.
Seasonal Unemployment
It means a person is employed in a particular season and is unemployed in another season. In India, it is very common in agriculture. Here persons get work in cropping and harvesting season and in other months of the year, they remain unemployed. It is estimated that a farmer who sows a single crop in a year remains unemployed generally for 5 to 7 months.
Frictional UnemploymentThis unemployment of temporary nature. It arises due to market imperfections. When people shifts one place to another and there they seek jobs; there many be unfilled vacancies at that place ,but it takes some time to match the unfilled vacancies.
Structural Unemployment
This unemployment is because of technology changes or change in the demand pattern of goods. It is possible that demand of new type of goods has increase or technological advancement has taken place and labour does not have right skills to manufacture new type of goods or work with new technology.
Cyclical Unemployment In every economy, trade
cycles prevail, i.e. period of boom depression. In the period of boom, there are many economic activities. More persons jobs in the period of boom. While in the period of depression, there are lesser economic activities like decrease in demand.
SUGGESTIONS
Check on populationNational employment policyStrengthening Information
Technology sectorPromoting rural non farm ActivitiesMore IndustrialisationPromotion of ExportsChange in the Education system
Steps taken by government to increase employment
Swaranjayanti Gram Swarozgar yojana(SGSY) It is the single self employment programme for the rural poor. It was launched in Apirl, 1999.It aims at establishing a large number of small enterprises in the rural areas. The expenditure on SGSY is shared by the central and state government in the ratio of
75:25. For north- eastern states this ratio is 90:10.The SGSY is implemented by District Rural
Development Authority through the Panchayat Samitis.The SGSY has now been restructured as
National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM).
Sampoorna grameen rozgar yojana(sgry)
It was launched on the 1st september, 2001. The main objectives of this yojana are
to provide opportunity of employment to surplus labour , to provide food
security, development of the basic infrastucture.This
yojana has set a target of creating 100 crore man
days of employment. In this yojana part of wages are paid in terms of food.
Micro, small and medium enterprises
With a view to reducing unemployment, government has made special efforts to develop micro, small and medium enterprises. In 2009-10, as many as 695 lakh persons were employed in these industries. Special incentives are given to these enterprises in 11th five year plan.
Development of organised sector
Many people are getting employed in organised public and private sectors, such
as, industries, mining, transport,
construction activities etc.In the year 2008-
09, it provided employment to 2 crore and 81 lakh
persons
employment in foreign countries
Government also helps people to get employment aboard. Special agencies have
been set up to recruit people to serve in foreign countries like Kuwait, Saudi Arabia,
Iran, Canada, Australia, etc.
NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME
In November 2004, Government has started National food for work programme in 150 most back ward districts of the country. In this programme wages are distributed in
the form of foodgrains. This scheme is aimed at rural poor.
Swaranjayanti shahari rozgar yojana
This yojana provides employment to urban unemployed. It came into
operation from 1st december, 1997. it comprises of two special
schemes; Urban self employment
programme(USEP) Urban wage employment
programme(UWEP)In urban self employment
programme the person starts his own work/business and earns
profit while in urban wage employment programme the person takes employment as
employee with some other person and get wage/ salary for his work.
Mahatma gandhi national rural employment guarantee
act(mgnrega)
Government enacted MGNREGA in 2005 and in year 2006-07, this act has been
implemented in 200 districts of the nation. It provides atleast 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in every financial year to the poor persons living in rural areas to atleast one adult person
in every house hold.Now, this act has been extented to all 640 districts.
Employment in eleventh five year plan
Creating 58 million new employment oportunities
Reducing unemployment rate to below 5 per cent
Creating quality jobs in organised sectorsCreating non agriculture work oportunities by
creating jobs in industrial and service sectorsSpecial programmes aimed at target groups
such as weavers, artisans, craftmens etc.