UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013

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United Nations Development Programme

Somalia Annual Report

A New Deal

for a New

Somalia

2013


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The designations employed and the presentation of material on the maps in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion

whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of United Nations or UNDP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or its

authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the views of our donors or partner organizations.

over Photo: Internally displaced people in Burao, Somaliland pose with rickshaws they bought as part of a small grants programme with

UNDP. Entrepreneurship and employment can be a catalyst for economic growth and poverty reduction. Recognizing this, UNDP supports

initiatives which benefit vulnerable communities across Somalia by strengthening economic foundations at the local level.

© UNDP / Gavin Roy


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Contents

Foreword: UNDP Resident Representative for Somalia Philippe Lazzarini

The New Deal and Somalia in 2013

PSG 1:Inclusive Politics

PSG 2: Security

PSG 3: Justice

PSG 4:Economic Foundations

PSG 5:Revenue and Services

Numbers Behind the Story and Where We Work

Funding and Partnerships and Expenditures for 2013

In Memoriam: Fallen Colleagues

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3—4

5—6

7—8

9 —10

11—12

13—14

15—16

17—18

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Singers perform at Human Rights Day eventoutside of Mogadishu Central Prison inSomalia. © UN Photo/Tobin Jones

Youth take part in a rehabilitation andreintegration training in Bosasso.© UNDP Somalia / Alastair Lyne

Rehabilitating markets and access roadscreates jobs and stimulates the localeconomy. © UNDP Somalia


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2UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013

Foreword:

UNDP Resident Representative for Somalia, Philippe Lazzarini

2013 was an important year for Somalia. The country remained focused on

consolidating peace and improvingsecurity for all Somalis. Theestablishment of the FederalGovernment and the signing of theSomali Compact and New Deal inNovember 2013 set the stage forcautious optimism with partners.Building on the promises of the NewDeal, the country is preparing for theVision 2016, which guides Somalia’s

commitment to a new constitution and elections by 2016. These positive changes offer better prospects for enhanced

stability and development in Somalia than those seen intwo decades.

However, serious challenges remain. While Somalia’shumanitarian situation has slowly stabilized since thedevastating famine that killed 260,000 people three yearsago, it is still extremely fragile. Half of the population hasexperienced abject poverty. More than one million peopleremain displaced in often appalling conditions and morethan one million people are refugees in the region. Oneserious or a series of shocks – such as failed rains, increasedinsecurity or reduced access – and Somalia could slip easilyback into a deep crisis.

UNDP Somalia began relocating the Country Office fromNairobi to Mogadishu in 2013. This decision followed thesuccessful political transition in 2012, as well as increasinglevels of security and stability across the country. It was,however, challenged by a tragic and devastating attack onthe UN Common Compound (UNCC) in Mogadishu on 19June 2013. Following the attack, operations wereconstrained by extremely restricted travel, heightenedsecurity risks and access restrictions within Mogadishu andSouth Central Somalia, interrupting the full relocation of UNoperations from Nairobi and delaying the implementation

of activities. This was a stark reminder that Somalia remainsone of the most challenging environments in the world forinternational cooperation.

But we are moving forward – stronger and moredetermined to help the people of Somalia. A decision toreopen the UNCC in 2014 was made. This move will enableUNDP and other UN Country Team members to intensifytheir efforts to assist the government in reaching its post-transition benchmarks, such as the extension of stateauthority into South Central Somalia, the constitutionalreview and referendum, and first post-transition national

elections scheduled for 2016.

This is the time for UNDP to harness support for ourSomali partners to deepen democratic reforms,

strengthen service delivery, expand good governance,advance human rights and promote economicdevelopment. We must actively, consistently, andstrategically engage with all partners to encouragethe development change necessary to guide Somaliainto peace, stability, and growth.

Globally, UNDP is focused on making the next bigbreakthrough in development: to help achieve thesimultaneous eradication of poverty and significantreduction of inequalities and exclusion. In Somalia,significant progress in the peacebuilding and state

building agenda (as defined in the Compact) will benecessary to make this goal a reality.

The expectations of the new Government, and of thepeople of Somalia, are very high – and UNDP mustoperate at its very best to ensure that it is capable ofliving up to these expectations. We can never beambitious enough. This year and the next will seesignificant challenges – especially given the unstablesecurity situation and the nascent capacity of the newGovernment.

But these obstacles will not deter us from assistingSomalia to make good of the tremendous opportunitywith which the country is now presented – the bestopportunity for peace, security and prosperity that thecountry has seen in more than a generation. Withinspiration, motivation and commitment, we canassist the government and other Somali stakeholdersto live up to this opportunity, and bring positivechange and sustainable development to the people ofSomalia.

Philippe LazzariniUNDP Resident Representative for Somalia


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UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013

The New Deal:

Aligning UNDP strategic support and the Somali Compact

The Somali Compact, signed on 16 September 2013 at the New Deal Conference in Brussels, is seen as a roadmap

for promoting statebuilding and peacebuilding over the next three years. This framework provides a strategic plan

towards stability and peace across Somalia. To this end, the New Deal lays out five Peacebuilding and State-BuildingGoals (PSGs) which focus on inclusive political processes, security, justice, economic foundations and revenue and

services.

Further to the New Deal’s goals, the Vision 2016 outlines Somalia’s commitment to a new constitution and

elections by 2016. This means that the Vision 2016 will guide Somalia to reach its post-transition benchmarks, such

as the constitutional review and referendum, and first post-transition national elections scheduled for 2016.

Building upon the successes of the past, learning from disappointments, and keeping in mind the flexibility required

for Somalia’s unique context, UNDP is currently working with national bodies and international partners to

develop the next generation of capacity development support for central, state and local public sector institutions.

UNDP will continue to be a central actor in supporting Somalia’s shift towards post-conflict recovery and long-term

development.

The changes introduced by the New Deal will improve UNDP’s strategic role as a development partner. Each UNDP

project developed strategies to align to the country’s PSGs, providing robust support which will spur transformative

change and lasting peace. UNDP’s cross-cutting programmes cover many areas, and contribute to a holistic support

to bring about equitable and sustainable development in Somalia.

PSG1: Inclusive

Politics

Achieve a stable andpeaceful federalSomalia throughinclusive politicalprocesses.

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Strengthening statestructures and sup-porting stable andpeaceful politicalprocesses is one of thecore priorities of UNDP

in Somalia. Ourprojects supportcapacity building,strengthening govern-ment institutions, andsupport to constitu-tion. UNDP Projects: Support to Institu-

tional BuildingInclusive Institutionsof Parliament

Somali InstitutionalDevelopment

Joint Programme on

Local Governance

PSG2: Security

Establish unified,capable, accountableand rights basedSomali federalsecurity institutionsproviding basic safetyand security for itscitizens.

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UNDP supports thefundamental need fora well-trained andcompetent protection

force for citizens .UNDP Projects: Civilian Policing Community

Security

PSG3: Justice

Establish independentand accountable

justice institutionscapable of addressingthe justice needs of thepeople of Somalia bydelivering justice forall.

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UNDP is driving thesupport for towardsfostering a strong andfair legal system. UNDPProject: Access to Justice

PSG4: Economic

Foundations

Revitalize and expandthe Somali economywith a focus onlivelihood enhance-ment, employmentgeneration, andbroad-based inclusivegrowth.

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UNDP supported initi-atives have benefittedvulnerable communi-ties across Somaliathrough strengtheningeconomic foundationsat the local level,creating employment,and building commu-nity resilience. UNDPProjects: Local Economic

DevelopmentRecovery

Private SectorDevelopment

Environment

PSG5: Revenue

and Services Increase the deliveryof equitable,affordable, andsustainable servicesthat promote nationalpeace andreconciliation amongSomalia’s regions andcitizens and enhancetransparent andaccountable revenue

generation andequitable distributionand sharing of publicresources.

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UNDP works towardsequal and equitableaccess to rights and re-sources for all Somalis.UNDP Projects: Gender HIV

Peacebuilding and Statebuilding Goals Groups (PSGs)

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UNDP in Somalia: Moving Forward in 2013

Over the next year, the evolving nature of the Somalipolitical field will continue to create new opportunities fordevelopment. Empowered local authorities are takingresponsibility for the protection of their citizens anddevelopment of their communities. Newly accessibleterritories are emerging across Somalia. This requiresstrong Somali leadership, and sustained commitment

from UNDP to ensure the equitable, sustainable growthnecessary to reduce the chronic poverty experienced overthe last two decades.

Understanding these dynamics, and in line with thepartnership principles in the New Deal, UNDP promotes anarrative of Somali-driven development and positivechange. UNDP understands that development cannot bedelivered to Somalis by outsiders. It must grow fromwithin – the people of Somalia must be at the very centerof their development.

Even under the best circumstances, state building isn’t

easy. It requires the interaction and coordination ofmultiple layers of government bodies and a robust andindependent civil society to provide services and developa functioning and legitimate state which can providesocial protection and inclusive public administration.Strengthening state structures and supporting stable andpeaceful political processes is one of the core priorities ofUNDP in Somalia.

In the unique case of Somalia, the task of building a stateis even more complicated. Government and localauthorities must navigate complex political, cultural, andsocial arenas to provide equal and equitable services to allSomalis. Despite the many challenges, government isworking to rebuild justice and security institutions, fostersolid foundations for economic stability, and increaseopportunities for all Somali men, women and children.Security restrictions, limited financial resources, and a lackof public policies or procedures means that institutionsand lawmakers must often start from scratch.

UNDP has been there every step of the way – helping theFederal Government of Somalia set up a functioningParliament, establish a constitution, and is currentlyworking closely with the government in the preliminaryplanning for the upcoming 2016 elections. To helpachieve these goals, UNDP’s Somalia InstitutionalDevelopment Project supports internal coordinationarrangements and coordination with the internationalcommunity.

In places that have experienced chronic fragility, such asSomalia, the path to stability – through state buildingand peacebuilding – cannot be done in isolation.Development in Somalia will be determined by how wellstate institutions respond to the people and in what waythe voice of people guides what institutions are able toachieve.

Thus, UNDP Somalia will continue to build localownership of programmes through awareness, dialogue,and consultation and influence policy and behavior usingcontextually sensitive approaches across Somalia.

Across our work, UNDP uses a set of institutionalarrangements that give policy makers, providers andcitizens the incentives to adopt the solution and adapt itto local conditions. In the context of fragile countries likeSomalia, political agreements need to be translatedeffectively into peace and state building, with inclusionand national ownership embedded in strategies used.

UNDP’s strategy in Somalia focuses on making progresstowards peace and meeting people’s humanitarian andrecovery needs by addressing gender issues, boostingaccess to social services, improving livelihoods, reducingpoverty, promoting good governance and improvinghuman security. Using evidence-based project design,UNDP works with government to build support that willlink together to create the strong foundation thatSomalia needs.

By the end of 2013 in Somalia, UNDP’s efforts extendedaccess to justice to over 15,000 people, helped train12,000 civilian police officers, and created new jobs fornearly 4,000 people, over 40% of which were women.

However, challenges remain. The MDG report for 2013commissioned by UNDP shows that progress towards theMDGs is slow, and the country is unlikely to meet any ofthe MDG goals and targets. As a central actor insupporting Somalia’s shift towards post-conflict recoveryand sustainable development, UNDP must act.

UNDP will help make this happen through long-termassistance that builds the skills of authorities to deliveressential public services, basic security and conflictresolution processes. As the political and securitysituation in each region develops differently, UNDPadapts its approach based on different needs andaccessibility.


© U N P h o t o / T o b i n J o n e s

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5

PSG1:Inclusive Politics

Achieve a stable and peaceful federal Somalia through inclusive politicalprocesses

Puntland, there are only 2 women of 66 MPs sitting inlegislature. In Somaliland, only 2 of 82 MPs are women. To combat this reality and set the stage for a more

inclusive elected body, UNDP supported coordinationon gender mainstreaming in government in each ofSomalia’s regions. Efforts to promote women’s politicalparticipation increased nationwide through workshops,consultation and advocacy forums.

At the federal level, a dedicated project to supportfemale MPs to become effective members of thelegislature is being implemented through a nationalnon-governmental organization. UNDP provides femaleMPs and civil society organizations with training ongender sensitive legislation and how to effectively

influence the legislative process.

A lack of trained staff, infrastructure and equipmentremains a major hurdle for Somali institutions at everylevel. In light of this, a capacity assessment plan wasapproved and a graduate scheme introduced. Aworkshop was organized by the Federal Governmentof Somalia and UNDP laid out the key principles aroundpositive capacity development in Somalia, established ashared understanding and framework for capacitybuilding.

Through UNDP support, 45 young Somali professionals– including 5 women – have been integrated into the re-organized administration of the Federal Parliament,through a merit based competitive recruitment. Thissupport has brought about a visible change in thefunctioning of the administration, becoming thebackbone of committee operations, and has beenlauded by government partners.

UNDP’s Somali Institutional Development Projectsupports the federal and regional public sectorinstitutions with capacity development stronglyfocusing on the ‘core of government’ including internal

coordination, harmonization of cross-cutting workprocesses like civil service management, planning andaid management, capacity development of individualministries and other government institutions, thedevelopment of legal instruments as well thecoordination with the international community. Thisproject is supported by funding from Sweden, theEuropean Commission, Norway, and Switzerland.

UNDP provided support to statebuilding functions ofgovernment such as the development of five-yeardevelopment plans, operational planning at ministerial

levels, a Road Map for development of a NationalGender Policy and UNSCR 1325 Action Plan, civil servicemanagement instruments, accounting structures,monitoring and evaluation arrangements andcoordination structures.

Strengthening state structures and supporting stableand peaceful political processes is one of the corepriorities of UNDP in Somalia. Building democratic

institutions, such as a functioning parliament with arobust constitution, is crucial for Somalia’s transfor-mation to a peaceful and prosperous nation. WithUNDP’s strategic and technical support, fundamentalshifts in the way that government works willencourage growth and stability in Somali institutionsto deliver better security, services and opportunitiesfor all.

2013 was the first full year of a functioning FederalParliament in Somalia. With sustained support fromUNDP this democracy can thrive and foster a new

generation for Somalia. One of the objectives of NewDeal PSG 1 is the development and ratification of areviewed Federal Constitution by the end of 2015.With support from key donors Belgium, Sweden,European Commission, DFID, and Norway, UNDP’sSupport to Parliament Project has been integral in theNew Deal process, and aims to help make thisobjective a reality.

In 2013, UNDP helped Parliament initiate law-makingand oversight functions. Parliament began toeffectively engage in the federal budget cycle, and

exerting oversight of key ministries. Support was alsoprovided to set legislative priorities. The ParliamentConstitutional Oversight Committee was launched in2013 with participation from civil society, youth andwomen’s groups and the media and a law establishingthe Constitutional Review and ImplementationCommission was passed in July. UNDP also supportedthe Vision 2016 conference, building consensus forPSG 1 and Jubbaland Reconciliation Conference inNovember 2013, which saw the establishment of theInterim Administration in the Jubba area.

Only 38 out of the 275 Members of Parliament (MPs) in

the Federal Government of Somalia are women. In

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UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013Youth in Somaliland. © OCHA Rita Maingi


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“Now, we have a

constitution.”

“There are 3 classical powers. Each of them arewell defined in the constitution.

There is the legislative parliament and there isthe executive with the president. And then

you have the judiciary.

The result of their work must coincide and bethe elements that take the country forward.”

—Mohammed Osman Jawari

Speaker of the Federal Parliament of

Somalia and former President of Somalia

Planning and Expenditures Management processes.

Also, UNDP supported a change managementprocess to improve coordination and effectivenessof the Municipality of Mogadishu with the FederalGovernment of Somalia

UNDP facilitated planning and coordinationworkshops with local and central governments inorder to harmonize political and administrativeprocesses in Puntland and Somaliland. Localauthorities in six districts in Puntland and sevendistricts in Somaliland are now managing theirpublic expenditure and planning. This means localauthorities are leading construction of vital

infrastructure such as roads, schools, local markets,and waste management centres.

UNDP’s engagement with four priority districts insouth central helped lay the groundwork for publicplanning and expenditure management trainingthat was successfully conducted in the district ofAdado.

UNDP support has helped institutionalize systems,and local governments in Somalia are increasinglytaking the time to listen to their citizens; consulting

them, and assessing and responding to their needs. They are making relevant and better informeddecisions, and communities are beginning tounderstand their roles and rights as citizens.

Through support to the Ministries of Labour, the civil

service commissions and other relevant governmentinstitutions, UNDP supported the development andimplementation of civil service management reformprocesses, laying the basis for a professional civilservice. Over the past few years, thousands ofgovernment staff received training in their specificfields of expertise. By the end of 2013, the Civil ServiceInstitute in Somaliland had trained more than 3,700civil servants.

Support to the Civil Service Commission and theCentral Bank allowed government to complete apayroll verification exercise, against which the SomaliFinancing Facility piloted their first automatedpayment process.

Like most Somali institutions, local administrationsface a myriad of challenges. Roles and responsibilitiesare unclear and there is an urgent need to increase thecapacity of institutions to enable them to deliver basicand necessary services to their people. As part of theUN Joint Programme on Local Governance andDecentralized Service Delivery (JPLG) with UN-Habitat,UNICEF, UNCDF and ILO, UNDP helps address thesefundamental challenges, enhancing the capacity of

local governments, particularly to deliver publicservices effectively. This is largely funded throughSweden, European Commission, DFID, Norway andDenmark.

UNDP continued to improve policy and legalframeworks to enable local governments to effectivelydeliver equitable services in 2013. UNDP providedtechnical support in producing a draft decentraliza-tion policy and roadmap for Somaliland and Puntland,which will be implemented in conjunction with acapacity development strategy. Also, UNDP continues

to facilitate dialogue on decentralization betweenministries of the Federal Government of Somaliawhich will inform the drafting of a policy. Further-more, 13 District Councils and 513 administrative staff– including 70 women – were trained on Public

Key Results

UNDP is helping Somali authorities developing rela-tionships with their constituents by giving citizens achance to engage understand who they are andwhat their roles are.

As per a study conducted by the Observatory onConflict and Violence Prevention, in Somaliland’sBurao, the number of people who are aware of whothe local council representatives are has gone upfrom 45% to in two years.


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PSG2: Security

Establish unified, capable, accountable and rights based Somali federal securityinstitutions providing basic safety and security for its citizens

UNDP recognizes the importance of a well-trained andequipped police force to protect civilians and promote

peace. Our programmes support a police force whichis more responsive to the security needs ofcommunities. Simultaneously, through targetedcommunity security activities, UNDP supports anempowered citizenry which can take their needs andconcerns to authorities and can deal with theirsituational challenges.

UNDP’s Civilian Police Project works with lawenforcement personnel particularly at the regionallevel to ensure that they are properly equipped toprotect citizens, especially in violent and insecure

areas. Working closely with law enforcementauthorities, UNDP is ensuring critical support – such asthorough training and payment mechanisms – whichwill ensure the loyalty, commitment, morale,performance and retention of skilled police officersand security forces at this pivotal time in Somalia.

With support from Japan, the European Commission,DFID, Denmark, and the Counter Piracy Trust Fund,UNDP helps Somali law enforcement institutionsdeliver better policing services through recruitment,international-standard law enforcement training thatstresses human rights and gender issues, improved

management capacities, internal governance andoversight. Strategies have been designed to improveaccess to inclusive, equitable and accountable forms ofsecurity and protection for all Somalis.

There is a focus on capacity development for keyinstitutions that deliver civilian policing. This includespublic accountability and parliamentary oversightmechanisms. Enhanced capacity and development ofstaff through UNDP trainings, workshops and jointworking group mechanisms is an ongoing process.

Key Results

Community-based policing pilot projects are increasing trust in the protec-tion services in Somali society. Accord-ing to a survey by Observatory of Con-flict and Violence Prevention in Buraoalone, the percentage of citizens who

trust the police increased from 47.5% in2011 to 66% in 2013.

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The Somali Police Force (SPF), while still being financedby donors, is increasing its workforce to meet the

demands of police in newly recovered areas. The SPFexpects an increase of up to 2,300 additional membersin 2014 as they provide services for newly recoveredareas.

Individual capacity development for police officers hasbeen complemented with support for policy andstrategy development, infrastructure support andprovision of operational support and equipmentthroughout the country. By the end of 2013, UNDPcumulatively supported the training of 14,500 civilianpolice officers — including 5,800 in south central

Somalia, 5,000 in Somaliland and 3,700 in Puntland.

In 2013, UNDP focused on strengthening theinstitutional and technical capacity of the SomalilandPolice Force to promote human rights and introduce asharper focus on gender equality. The Action Plan forGender Responsive Policing and police response forsexual and gender-based violence was developed andadopted by the Police Commissioner. The recruitmentand training of 150 qualified female police officers intothe Somaliland Police Force shows the growingcommitment within the armed forces to increase thegender balance.

Supporting robust and reliable institutions on theground is key to UNDP’s work. UNDP is engaging theMinistry of National Security, responsible for the SPF insouth central Somalia to support the police in settingup a police legal framework for a new Police Act thatwill result in restructuring the police organization anddeveloping the individual capacity of police personal.

Construction of police infrastructure, including localpolice stations, was ongoing in 2013, to help build


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poverty reduction and increased security. By the end of2013, 940 youth (including 219 females) weresuccessfully identified, registered and sociallyrehabilitated through the UNDP component of theprogramme and referred to the economic integrationcomponent. In Mogadishu, 240 femaleCommunity Volunteer mentors and 60 female mentorsin Baidoa were provided with trauma healing andmentorship trainings. Throughout 2013, UNDP supported the development of the Prison Act, whichwill ensure newly released prisoners have alternativelivelihoods options and can reintegrate into society.

UNDP provided further support to the informal andformal justice systems by standardizing the AlternativeDispute Resolution (ADR) to ensure that traditional waysof resolving disputes and the interface between formal

and traditional systems are compatible and consistent. The ADR process was standardized through wideconsultation with traditional and formal justice actors. The pilot project began in 2013 with training on basichuman rights and international standards of ADRpractitioners in Puntland and will continue with theestablishment of Community Dispute ResolutionHouses in 2014.

Somalia – like many parts of the developing world –lacks consistent, timely, accurate data on social anddevelopment issues. In 2013, UNDP supported evidence

-based programme design (EBD) through engagingwith the United Nations Institute for DisarmamentResearch and developed a prototype for an EBD tool foruse by reintegration practitioners. This tool helped todesign other social and civic engagement rehabilitationprogrammes by utilizing evidence gathered from thefield — such as the results mindset assessments, tracerstudies, district conflict and safety assessments.

In line with this, the Observatory of Conflict andViolence Prevention (funded by UK AID) is now regularlycollecting evidence on the ground and robust securityresearch, which is assisting in refining research

methodology and participated in the publications datacollection across the three Somali regions. Their worksupports UNDP’s technical support to research effortsand ongoing evidence-based programme design.

“I have learned how to deal withdisputes without resorting to violence.”

“My motto in life was fight, steal, and chew Khat. I did whatever to survive. I did not careabout who I hurt in the process – the most important thing was that I got what I wanted,”Bashir, 21, says. UNDP youth reintegration programmes helps young people, like Bashir,to opens up their options in life by changing their mind-sets.

Today, at 21, Bashir is excited about his future. Through the reintegration project, he wasable to find a new passion and gain the confidence and skills he needed to make a

change. “Thanks to the youth empowerment programme, I discovered in the art anddrama classes that I have talent for painting. More importantly, through the rehabilitationprogramme, I have learned how to deal with disputes without resorting to violence.”

Youth are also paired with mentors, which provide them with guidance and support.Participating in the programme helps build confidence and empowers young people totake control of their lives.

localized security forces. Building infrastructure buildsthe capacity of the police force to help them do their jobs professionally and in line with internationalstandards. UNDP also works with national andinternational partners to conduct specialised training –

based on need assessments.

UNDP provided training resources to officers attendingpolice academies in Somaliland and Puntland.Feedback showed they were encouraged and inspiredby their training, and currently use the lessons onhuman rights and the importance of civilianaccountability in their everyday work.

A strong police force must emphasize communitysecurity and have linkages with those mechanisms. Thismeans empowering communities to use tools to target

their unique challenges and environments.

In Somalia, over 70 % of the population is under the ageof 30. However, the unemployment rate for youth inSomalia is 67% - one of the highest rates in the world. These realities guide UNDP’s work to ensure that youthemployment, empowerment and integration initiativesare key to our strategic support in Somalia. Unemploy-ment and social exclusion are the gateways toterrorism, crime, and piracy. UNDP works with at riskyouth and vulnerable groups in Somalia to mitigate theimpact of poverty and reduce the potential for criminalbehavior.

As part of a joint Youth for Change Joint Initiative withILO and UNICEF, UNDP’s Community Security Projectsocial rehabilitation activities focus on holistic change inthe lives of young adults – this includes a change ofattitude. Through non-formal education tools andtrainings on basic social skills, peacebuilding, rule oflaw, civic education, ethics, sports, arts and drama,community volunteer activities and literacy andnumeracy classes, participants are enabled to exploretheir options and lead to economic rehabilitation andskills development.

All social rehabilitation and reintegration activities(funded through Japan, Sweden, DFID, Denmark, andGermany) support local government priorities towards


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Access to a functioning and fair legal system is one of

the pillars of sustainable peace and development. InSomalia, access to qualified and competent lawenforcement and legal aid is particularly challenging. To improve credibility, efficacy and independence ofthe judicial system, UNDP and local partners haveestablished and strengthened access to justice andlegal empowerment for vulnerable groups includingwomen and IDPs.

UNDP plays a unique role in the justice sector –working with the Ministry of Justice to build the legalsystem into a competent and trusted public body. Thisrequires working closely with Somali authorities toimprove the capacity and effectiveness of the courtsand the judiciary. To this end, UNDP focuses on long-term legal education and job placement to fill the justice sector with qualified legal professionals. UNDPalso supports the Somali justice system to deliver trialsand enhance the capacity to prosecute suspects ofserious crimes, including piracy, in accordance withdue process and international standards and withrespect to human rights.

UNDP’s donors — Sweden, the European Commission,DFID, Norway, Denmark, Germany, and the Counter

Piracy Trust Fund — are instrumental in the efforts tostrengthen government and civil society institutions todeliver fair and rights-based justice services.

After years of civil war, traditional justice mechanismswere eroded. The justice sector needed to be rebuiltfrom the ground up. Increasing the number ofqualified law enforcement officers, lawyers and judgeswill build a robust legal system from the ground up. Aspart of an ongoing process to increase the number ofofficials with formal legal education UNDP has helpedstrengthen legal and judiciary institutions across

Somalia. In 2013, 33 judges and prosecutors

completed a six month judicial training at the East

African University in Kenya. They will now enter theSomali justice system, where they will use their newskills to deliver fair and rights-based trials.

Since 2011, UNDP has supported legal internships,ensuring half the interns were female. For one year,students are provided with exposure in the publicsector, including key ministries, courts and thepolice, where they gather on-the-job workexperience. These graduates are now working withthe Attorney General’s Office, the Higher JudicialCouncil, the police, legal aid centres, local human

rights NGOs, regional ministries and the Parliament.

In 2013, 338 lawyers including 89 women, graduatedfrom Somaliland’s Hargeisa University Law Faculty. There are now 75 women working in the legal sectorin Somaliland, compared to only 5 women in 2008. InSomaliland, the regional government recruited 15female lawyers in 2013 after they completed a UNDP-supported one year legal internship programme. Asa direct result of this programme in the last 18months, a total of 32 women completed UNDPsupported graduate internships are now serving invarious positions in the justice sector. This includes

Chief Registrars, Deputy Attorneys General,Prosecutors and government advisors in theJudiciary, civil service, Attorney General’s Office andLaw Reform Commission.

In February 2013 - for the first time in Puntland’shistory - 23 law students graduated, seven of whomwere women and they have already secured jobs inboth public and private sector In Puntland, UNDPsupported35 female law students with scholarshipsfor law school. At this time last year there was onlyone female lawyer in Puntland. The female graduates

have now formed a Puntland Women Lawyers

PSG3:Justice

Establish independent and accountable justice institutions capable ofaddressing the justice needs of the people of Somalia by delivering justice for all

“I am the first female NationalDeputy Prosecutor for Somaliland.”

Khadra Hussein Mohammad, 28, is Somaliland’s National Deputy Prosecutor –the first woman to hold such a position in Somaliland. As part of an ongoingprocess to increase the number of officials with formal legal education inSomaliland, UNDP supports long-term legal education and job placement to

fill the justice sector with qualified legal professionals, like Khadra.

There are also now over 75 women working in the legal sector in Somalilandcompared to less than 5 in 2008. UNDP supported this change with gender-balanced scholarships and internship opportunities.


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© UNDP Somalia / Rooble Mohamad


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10UND

Association. UNDP also supported the establishmentof paralegal network and recruitment of a further 10paralegals in Bosasso who will focus on providingadvice and support to vulnerable groups includingwomen. At Mogadishu University, UNDP provided37 scholarships for law students, including 13women.

Furthermore, to promote effective responses andconsistent reporting on sexual and gender-basedviolence, UNDP supported two civil societyorganizations in Somaliland and Puntland to trainnon-governmental organizations and serviceproviders, conduct sensitization workshops, anddevelop a paralegal manual. In Puntland a women’sorganization developed a judicial monitoring tool tofacilitate systematic and consistent data collectionon sexual and gender-based violence cases.

By the end of 2013, 15,299 people accessed UNDP-

supported legal aid services to resolve disputesacross the country. This includes people whoreceived legal aid services from legal aid lawyers,and mediation and legal advice from paralegals.

A growing number of people are also accessingUNDP-supported mobile courts, designed to reachpeople in rural and hard to access locations acrossSomalia. Mobile courts adjudicated 1,824 cases in2013, nearly half of the total 3,650 cases heard sincethe project was launched. The increased caseloadproves that there is a growing demand and respectfor this kind of formalized justice among citizens,

communities and local authorities.

Overall UNDP contributes to peace building throughthe strengthening of justice sector institutionsthereby providing the people with reliable fora forpeaceful resolution of disputes. Legal aid lawyers,paralegals as well as the mobile courts continue tocontribute to the resolution of community disputesthrough mediation.

In 2013, UNDP supported 5 legal aid centres inPuntland which provided legal services to 2,589Somalis, including internally displaced people. InSomaliland, UNDP supported the establishment of‘women and children desks’ in the Hargeisa GroupHospital to support survivors of sexual violence inaccessing medical, psychosocial and legal aid services.

In addition to the women and children desks,improvements are ongoing to mainstream genderissues in the justice sector. Political commitment aswell as commitment by UNDP and the international

community to support long-term interventions raisedawareness on issues of gender-based violence inSomaliland. There are a significantly higher number ofcases now going to court as well as survivors comingforward for treatment and support at the HargeisaGroup Hospital. This is largely due to efforts by UNDPto raise awareness on sexual and gender-basedviolence and the services available.


Key ResultsIn Borama, Somaliland, courts arenow the most trusted service pro-vider for justice.

Respondents noted their fastdecision making of the courts,

which UNDP contributed tothrough a caseload managementsystem. People expressedconfidence in the formal justicesystem: 79% felt confident.

Further, a greater proportion offemale respondents indicatedthey felt more confident in theformal justice system.

* Data from the Observatory of Conflictand Violence Prevention

Mobile courts, like this one in Puntland, adjudicated 1,824 cases in 2013. © UNDP Somalia


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Somalia remains one of the poorest countries in theworld with a per capita income of $226. To reverse thisreality, Somalia must build an economy that generatesopportunities for investment, entrepreneurship, skills

development, job creation and sustainable livelihoods.

Reducing risks for communities means ensuring aholistic approach to poverty reduction whichaddresses all areas of social protection: includingrebuilding infrastructure, promoting youthemployability, increasing educational opportunitiesand enhancing community resilience.

UNDP encourages local government and the privatesector to build more resilient and self-reliantcommunities. In 2013, UNDP’s Local Economic

Development Project supported the construction andrehabilitation of 23 basic infrastructure facilities. Theseinitiatives provided jobs for 2,180 workers - 32% ofwhich were women. The workers rehabilitated vitalinfrastructures including roads, markets, vocationaltraining centers, water and irrigation sources, schools,the Burao airport in Somaliland, and the BaidoaHospital. In the long term, the projects also helpedbuild the capacity of the community and localauthorities to identify and manage local economicdevelopment needs and priorities and createsustainable projects.

Entrepreneurship and employment can be a catalystfor economic growth and poverty reduction.Recognizing this, UNDP supports initiatives whichbenefitted vulnerable communities across Somalia by

strengthening economicfoundations at the local level.Understanding the localdynamics of the job marketallows UNDP to support localeconomic growth throughdemand driven investments inskills and capital to micro-enterprises (small businessesthat often have less than fiveemployees).

Based on recommendations oftwo labor market surveys in

Puntland, UNDP’s LocalEconomic Development Projectimplemented micro-grantactivities as part of actions toprevent piracy. Activities werefunded by Greece, Italy, DFID,and Shell. By providing smallbusiness management trainingand seed money to help people

start small businesses, UNDP helped communitymembers increase their economic power.

These activities helped 1,680 beneficiaries (over 60%of which were women) gain employable skills in microbusiness management, tailoring and computers toincrease their opportunities for sustainableemployment and support their families.

UNDP worked at the community level to createsustainable livelihoods, from providing boat motorsand fishing equipment to fishermen in Berbera andBander Bayle.

Young people are often the worst-afflicted groups tosuffer social, economic and political exclusion. In

Somalia, this is painfully true. As identified in the 2012Human Development Report for Somalia, youthunemployment and isolation are some of the mosturgent obstacles to the country’s development.However, by offering alternatives and support todisenfranchised youth, there is an opportunity tochange these dynamics.

In particular, piracy-related crime will continue to be aconcern as long as Somali communities are unable tosecure sustainable economic opportunities. UNDPprovides viable options to Somali communities and

livelihoods training to at-risk youth to reduce thepotential for crime and piracy. This critical work isbeing funded largely by the Counter Piracy TrustFund.

PSG4:Economic Foundations

Revitalize and expand the Somali economy with a focus on livelihoodenhancement, employment generation, and broad-based inclusive growth


4

A shopkeeper in a clothing and shoe store in the Somali capital Mogadishu.© UN Photo / Stuart Price


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Anand’s story

Together with local authorities and UNDP, local women’sgroups in Somalia’s Puntland region identified the needfor small grants and training to help women set up theirown businesses. Building on their recommendations,UNDP provided small business training and $250 grants

to 150 women in Puntland to expand their businessesand increase their income.

Anand, 37, runs a small shop in Puntland's Eyl District.She established her business through this small businesssupport from UNDP. Before this opportunity, Anand hadfew options. “I knew a small shop like this would help memake a living, but I could not afford the start-up costs,”she said.

The grant from UNDP helped Anand start her small shop. Today, her shop makes as much as $15 dollars a day andsupports her and her five children.

Long-term employment fostered through the provisionof grants and microfinance schemes like those thatsupport Anand will benefit up to 1,880 entrepreneurs.

© U N D P S o m a l i a / D a n i e l l e B o t t i

12

These alternative livelihoods activities includevocational trainings for young people, rehabilitation ofbasic social and productive infrastructure, andinitiatives to increase market access. Projectbeneficiaries were involved in projects including therehabilitation of access roads and the renovation ofthree markets, four vocational centers, four business

centers, and one youth facility.

In Somalia, women face a number of barriers that limittheir abilities to fully participate in social and politicallife. UNDP understands that these dynamics foster agreater negative impact of piracy on the women in thetarget communities. To address these challenges,UNDP’s Private Sector Development Project directlysupports and empowers women in the targetcommunities through consultation, specific skillstraining, and providing women access to microfinanceand entrepreneurship opportunities.

For example, in Puntland 150 women received trainingin literacy and numeracy, basic business skills, anddeveloping business plans. They were also providedwith micro-grants to establish or enhance a smallbusiness.

This support buffers the effects of piracy on womenand involves them in community decision-making,thus increasing their capacity to influence positivechange in their communities.

Local communities must have a say in the use of the

natural resources around them. They must beempowered to analyze, participate in and advancerecovery and development, local enterprise, conflictand sustainable environment management. UNDP’sEnvironment Project has been working with localgovernment to ensure that Somali men and womenbenefit equally from improved natural resourcemanagement. With support from Japan, Norway andthe Global Environment Facility, UNDP works directlywith communities on projects like water harvestingschemes to enhance the resilience of communities toalleviate the impact of seasonal droughts and floods.

In response to a devastating cyclone in November2013, UNDP supported employment generation andeconomic early recovery activities with affectedcommunities in Puntland. Projects will rehabilitatebasic infrastructure following labour intensivetechniques to provide cash injections to at least 653households in the most affected areas by the cyclonein Hafun and Bander Bayle. This support will provide jobs for 162 women and 376 men in Hafun and 35women and 80 men in Bander Bayle.

UNDP’s close partnership with the Federal Ministry of

National Resources resulted in the formulation of theNational Adaptation Programme of Action. This helpedSomalia mobilize USD 8.0 million from the GlobalEnvironment Facility Least Developed Countries

UND UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013

Climate Fund to help the country deal with theenvironmental and economic impact of climatechange. UNDP’s interventions also helped facilitatedraft action plans for the National Environment Policyfor Somalia, National Environment Action Plan, andNational Plan of Action against Desertification.

Somalia is now included in the UNDP globalprogramme on ‘Extractive Industries for SustainableDevelopment’ and regional programmes on‘Economics of Land Degradation’ and ‘Western IndianOcean Large Marine Ecosystem Strategic ActionProgramme’.

Partnerships with the government resulted inbreakthrough initiatives in policy development forenvironment as well as the introduction of solartechnology to cater for energy requirements ofgovernment health facilities. Further, thanks to policy

support and partnership with UNDP, Somalia is nowpart of the global initiatives on energy including‘Sustainable Energy for All’ and a member of theInternational Renewable Energy Agency.


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Expanding the reach of central and local governmentsto deliver equitable services, and opening up access toeven the most marginalized citizens is critical toUNDP’s work in Somalia. Gender dynamics play acritical role in many of Somalia’s development issues.

Throughout all of its projects, UNDP supports theachievement of gender equality and women’sempowerment in all development results. This alsomeans providing guidance to Somali institutions tomainstream gender into their policies andprogrammes. Further, understanding that HIV andAIDS are key issues in the region, UNDP is raisingawareness at the institutional and community level tomitigate its impact and support the basic human rightsof People Living with HIV (PLHIV).

Mainstreaming gender sensitivity into every level ofsociety will be critical to changing the dialogue on

gender issues and women’s empowerment in Somalia.In 2013, UNDP’s Gender Unit provided technical andfinancial support to national gender machineries in allthree regions to develop gender policies and strategicplans; and coordinate better on gender issues acrossall government sectors. This work is funded withsupport from Norway and Denmark. Throughministries or directorates of education, scholarshipswere provided to enhance women’s education at thetertiary level. Working with local partners UNDP raisedawareness of women’s rights in local communities,supported advocacy for women’s political participa-

tion and promoted livelihoods for women.

UNDP works to strengthen the knowledge base andcapacity for authorities to understand the dimensions

PSG5:Revenue and Services

Increase the delivery of equitable, affordable, and sustainable services thatpromote national peace and reconciliation amongst Somalia’s regions andcitizens and enhance transparent and accountable revenue generation andequitable distribution and sharing of public resources

5

of gender issues. This includes supportingmapping exercises about women’s rightsactivists, NGOs focusing on gender equality,women’s organizations and support networks inSomaliland and Puntland. In Somaliland anImplementation Plan for the SomalilandNational Gender Policy was developed and aninter-ministerial gender coordinationmechanism established.

UNDP also impacts social change on genderissues through awareness raising, communitydialogues and advocacy. In 2013, UNDPprovided $308,000 in grants to civil societyorganizations across Somalia to conductadvocacy and awareness-raising on genderissues. Somali women’s rights activists received

trainings and fostered strong ties with regional andinternational debates on women’s rights. They usedthis exposure to create and conduct advocacy andawareness-raising on issues ranging from sexual andgender-based violence, livelihoods, gender justice,female genital mutilation and women’s political

participation.

To continue to strengthen and expand the pool ofqualified female candidates for roles in governmentand the private sector (in addition to thetransformative change on gender-balance in the justice sector), UNDP continued provision ofscholarships and internships to women. In Puntlandand Somaliland, 60 scholarship recipients are now intheir second year of studies in fields includingmedicine, business administration, economics, and IT.

According to 2012 UNAIDS estimates, 31,000 peopleare living with HIV in Somalia – over half of which arewomen. UNDP’s HIV Programme works with Somaliinstitutions and stakeholders to understand andrespond to the development dimensions of HIV andhealth, recognizing that action outside the healthsector can contribute significantly to better healthoutcomes.

At the policy level, UNDP supports coordinationefforts of the 3 Somali AIDS Commissions. As a trusteddevelopment partner and co-sponsor of UNAIDS,

UNDP’s main focus is to build the capacity ofgovernment at all levels and work closely with civilsociety to support a well-coordinated and effectiveresponse to HIV and AIDS. Thus, UNDP will support the


A community group meets in Bosasso. © UNDP / Noor Khamis


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development of the new HIV National Strategic Planfor Somalia 2014 - 2018, which will form the basis ofthe next application to the Global Fund for fundingfrom 2015 onwards for Somalia.

Community involvement plays a central role in thefight against HIV and AIDS in generating social change.

UNDP is harnessing this power by implementing‘Community Conversations on HIV’ in Somaliland,Puntland and recently in South Central Somalia.Community Conversations on HIV offer an opportunityfor communities to identify and discuss social normsand values, as well as issues that make womenparticularly vulnerable to HIV infection.

Community Conversations have helped to break thesilence about HIV and gender issues. They provide aforum to discuss critical gender issues, which include isconceptions and harmful traditional behavior that can

contribute to the spread of HIV. They also provide anopportunity for women to openly share theirexperiences and gain information on HIV and AIDSservices, such as the Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission (PMTCT). In 2013, approximately 73‘Community Conversations on HIV’ took place inSomaliland and Puntland which reached 2610 people– 77% of which were female who benefited fromparticipating in these sessions, raising awareness onHIV, human rights, and discrimination to pave the wayfor equal access to services for PLHIV.

UNDP also helps people living with HIV alleviate

poverty by increasing access to economicopportunities and providing valuable career training.people living with HIV/AIDS. By the end of 2013, UNDP

provided small grants and business skills training to120 people living with HIV who received a small grantsto start their own business, as well as technicalsupport from UNDP. Indirect beneficiaries of thisproject – including family members and children –was estimated to be over 7,200.

UNDP understands that gender and HIV awarenessmust be mainstreamed into all UNDP programmes.Mainstreaming gender across all UNDP projectsremained a priority in 2013, with a focus on buildingthe capacities of national stakeholders and partners toembed gender into activities and workplans. In 2013UNDP also mainstreamed HIV awareness into other lareas of UNDP’s work. For example, 40 members ofthe Special Protection Unit of the Somali Police Forceand 150 police women received training on HIV andAIDS, (noting that uniformed services all over theworld remain a high risk group), and in collaboration

with UNDP’s Access to Justice Project, UNDP providedLegal Aid services to People Living with HIV, to protecthuman rights of those living with HIV.

UNDP supported an HIV Media project by workingwith a total of nine local radio stations in Somaliland,Puntland and South Central Somalia in 2013. This wasbased on the fact that radio has the potential to reacha significant number of people with correctinformation on HIV, as well as help bring aboutpositive change and development. UNDP alsosupported training for local journalists in order tostrengthen reporting on HIV and gender issues inSomalia, from wards a more human rights perspective.


“I was very happy when I was told thatthere was a grant for me.”Before UNDP’s small grants initiative, Bisharo struggled to make ends meet.

Discrimination towards people living with HIV closed many doors for Amran, andmakes life extremely difficult for her and her children.

The lack of economic opportunities available to her meant that she could not cover herfamily’s basic needs, and they were falling deeper into poverty. Just when she wasbeginning to lose hope, Bisharo found out she was going to receive a $500 UNDP smallbusiness grant. She knew her life was about to change. “I was very happy when I wastold that there was a grant for me ,” she said.

Working through local partners, UNDP provided Bisharo with training on setting up asmall business, designing a marketing strategy and business plan, basic accounting,and ideas on how to spend her small-business grant.

Empowered with her new skills, Bisharo established a small clothing business. She is

now importing clothes to sell in her community in Hargeisa. Bisharo’s business isgrowing, and her success has given her confidence.


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Where We Work

A lifeguard sits watch on Lido Beach in Mogadishu.© UN Photo / Tobin Jones

Cudbi Yousuf Ali lives in the Mohamed Mogecamp in Hargeisa. © UNDP / Noor Khamis

Students at the UNDP-supported Burao TechnicalInstitute learn vocational skills. © UNDP Gavin Roy

Livestock market in Burao, Somaliland.© UNDP Somalia / Danielle Botti


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UNDP and its national and international partners are dedicated to workingtogether in support of a peaceful and prosperous Somalia

Working together, UNDP and its donors support implementation of the New Deal Compact and a strong partnershipbetween the international community and the Federal Government of Somalia. Collaboration between UNDP and ourpartners works to boost Somalia’s economy, create new jobs, increase access to justice and security for civilians,strengthen service delivery and expand good governance.

Our most important partnerships are those with the Somali authorities, institutions and civil society. By integratingUNDP support at every level, we add technical support and expertise to the evolving political environment anddevelopment agenda. However, Somalia’s priorities have always been set by and for Somalis. UNDP respects andcommends this, offering our full support to work with Somali stakeholders and the international community to upholdthe goals of the Somali authorities and people.

UNDP Somalia Key Donors:

Counter Piracy Trust Fund

Government of Denmark

Department for International Development (UK)

The European Commission

Global Environment Facility

Government of Germany

Funding and Partnerships

1717

Government of Italy

Government of Japan

Government of Luxemburg

Government of Norway

Swedish International Development Agency

Switzerland

* The decrease in expenditure in 2013 was a direct result of the impact onimplementation of activities following the June 2013 attack on the UN CC in Mogadishu.



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Project Expenditure (in USD)

Joint Programme on Local Governance Project $ 3,237,039

Somalia Institutional Development Project $ 6,590,112

Support to Building Inclusive Institutions ofParliament Project

$ 1,505,052

Access to Justice Project $ 5,198,346

Governance and Rule of Law Programme Total $ 32,741,055

Environment Portfolio $ 1,437,749

Local Economic Development Project $ 2,279,249

Private Sector Development Project $ 243,359

Poverty Reduction and Environment

Programme Total

$ 3,960,357

Total 2013 Expenditure $ 52,682,670

HIV Programme $ 880,680

Gender Programme $ 1,418,657

Civilian Policing Project $ 11,243,410

Community Security Project $ 4,967,096

Resident Coordinator’s Office $ 2,870,355

Programme Support Services (security, programme

operational support, M&E, communications, etc)

$ 10,811,586

UNDP Thematic Area

Governance andRule of Law Programme

Poverty Reduction andEnvironment Programme

Crosscutting Issues

Expenditures for 2013


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In Memoriam

This tribute is for those who lost their lives in a tragic attack on the UN Common Compound in

Mogadishu on 19 June 2013. One UNDP staff member, three contractors, four security guards, and

numerous civilians lost their lives that day.

Rita , our UNDP Operations Specialist, was a young, dynamic, committed

woman who joined UNDP Somalia in January 2005. She was an open,

friendly and fun-loving colleague, and was respected and well-liked by

UNDP colleagues and across the UN family.

To echo the words of the United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon,

“I believe that her legacy will live on in the people of Somalia she has

touched through her work, her friendship and her family life.”

Fallen Colleagues

UNDP:

Rita Muchucha, Kenya

UNCC Guards:

Ibrahim Adow Alasow, Somalia

Said Mohamed Hussein, Somalia

Dahir Abdulle Mo’alim, Somalia

Abdiqadir Abshir Mohamud, Somalia

Mechem International:

Morne Lotter, South Africa

Isaaq Mohammed Osman, Somalia

Alan Simpson, South Africa

19


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UNDP Somalia Country Office | UN Common Compound, Airport Road, Wadajir District, Mogadishu, Somalia

UNDP Somalia Nairobi Support Office | UNON, UN Avenue, Block D5, PO Box 28832, Nairobi, Kenya www.so.undp.org

UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013

Documents

Transcript of UNDP Somalia Annual Report 2013