UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE · understanding violence: police, police doctors, & violent murder, 1930s...
Transcript of UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE · understanding violence: police, police doctors, & violent murder, 1930s...
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UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE:
POLICE, POLICE DOCTORS, & VIOLENT MURDER,1930S TO THE 1980S
JOANNA BOURKE
P RO F E S S O R O F H I S TO RY, B I R K B E C K , UN I V E R S I T Y O F LO N D O N
J . B O U R K E @ BBK . AC . UK
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HENDON SCHOOL FOR DETECTIVES
(1934)
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Sir Harold ScottCommissioner
of Metropolitan Pol ice
(1945-53)
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1945: 218 MURDERS
(A NUMBER NOT SURPASSED UNTIL THE 1970S)
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IAN HACKING’S
“DYNAMIC NOMINALISM”
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WILLIAM GUY’S PRINCIPLES OF FORENSIC
MEDICINE
“JUDGEMENT AND FORESIGHT”
RATHER THANFOLLOWING RULES OR GUIDELINES
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4 TYPES OF VIOLENCE IN POLICE/CID REPRESENTATIONS
OF THE FEMALE CORPSE:
1. REPRESENTATION
2. MATERIALISATION
3) SOMATISATION
4) DE-CORPORALISATION
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1. REPRESENTATION(POOR MARY OF HENDON’S SPLAYED CORPSE)
2. MATERIALISATION(THE PRODUCTION AND SOCIAL LIFE OF THE
MATERIAL FEMALE CORPSE)
3) SOMATISATION(WOMAN’S BODY “GIVING UP” ITS SECRETS)
4) DE-CORPORALISATION(ERASURE)
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Representation
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THE FEMALE CORPSE “STAND-INS” FOR THE
UNIVERSAL
(“EVERYMAN”)
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THE MEANING OF VIOLENCE WAS “READ” FROM THE
GENDER OF THE VIOLATED PERSON
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“CRIME SCENE”:
“A DISTINCT ANALYTIC SPACE, BOUNDED CONCEPTUALLY AND OPERATIONALLY BY EXPLICIT
RULES OF PRACTICE” (IAN BURNEY)
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MATERIALISATION
OR THE PRODUCTION OF THE SOCIAL LIFE OF THE MATERIAL CORPSE
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THE “FEELING” POLICEMAN/DOCTOR
NEW EMOTIONAL REGIMESEMOTION-RICH PRACTICES OF VIEWING THE
CORPSE
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“INTUITIVE FAMILIARITY”
V
“SCIENTIFIC APPROACH”
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“DOGGED, MUSCULAR” VARIETY
V
SCIENTIFIC AND OBJECTIVE ONE
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THE CORPSE HAS A SOCIAL LIFE
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SOMATISATION
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TECHNOSCIENTIFIC WITNESSES TO VIOLENT DEATH
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Sir Harold Scott
Commissioner of Metropolitan
Pol ice
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DE-CORPORALISATION
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THE POLICE REVIEW (1955):
“MURDER WITHOUT TEARS”
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SADISTIC MURDER WAS A PERVERSION OF “EXCESS” & NOT A DEVIATION FROM
GENDER NORMS
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Richard von Kraf f t -Ebing,Psychopathia
Sexualis
“UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS A MAN MEETS OBSTACLES WHICH IT IS HIS PART
TO OVERCOME, AND FOR WHICH NATURE HAS GIVEN HIM AN AGGRESSIVE CHARACTER.
THIS AGGRESSIVE CHARACTER, HOWEVER, UNDER PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS,
MAY LIKEWISE BE EXCESSIVELY DEVELOPED, AND EXPRESS ITSELF IN AN IMPULSE TO
SEDUCE ABSOLUTELY THE OBJECT OF DESIRE, EVEN TO DESTROY OR KILL IT.”
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A SHIFT FROM HER BODY
TO
THE BODY, MIND, & PERSONALITY OF THE
PERPETRATOR
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DEGENERACY (LOMBROSO)
TOMORAL INSANITY (PRITCHARD)
TOPERVERSION (KRAFFT-EBING)
TO PERSONALITY (1970S)
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UNDERSTANDING VIOLENCE:
POLICE, POLICE DOCTORS, & VIOLENT MURDER,1930S TO THE 1980S
JOANNA BOURKE
P RO F E S S O R O F H I S TO RY, B I R K B E C K , UN I V E R S I T Y O F LO N D O N
J . B O U R K E @ BBK . AC . UK