Understanding the W orld
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Transcript of Understanding the W orld
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Understanding the World Grade III ScienceMelissa R. Sison
School of Teacher EducationSaint Louis University
Baguio City
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The Five Senses• Sense of Sight• Sense of Hearing• Sense of Smell• Sense of Taste• Sense of Touch
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The Sense Organs and the Brain
The sense organs relay to the brain what is happening outside the body. The brain interprets what the sense organ’s message is all about.
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What is this
smell?
Scent of a flower (rose)
Nerves carry signals to the brain
Nerves carry signals from
the brain
Brain interprets
the signals
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Sense of Sight
The eyes are the organ for seeing.
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Parts of the Eye
Image
Blood VesselsRetina
Optic Nerve PupilCornea
IrisLens
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Functions of the Parts of the Eye
• Pupil- the pigmented part of the eye which regulates the amount of light that enters the eye.
• Lens- crystalline and transparent.- gathers and collect light from an object.
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Functions of the Parts of the Eye
• Iris – colored part of the eye surrounding the pupil.
• Cornea – the glassy and bulging part where light is refracted as it passes through.
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Functions of the Parts of the Eye
• Retina - back surface of the eye where image is formed.
• Optic nerve – connects the eye to the brain.
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Common Ailments
• StyA swelling on the eyelid caused by infection.
• Sore eyeEyes become reddish and painful.There is also fluid discharge coming out of the eye.
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Taking Care of the Eyes• Read with enough light.
• Use clean handkerchief to wipe your eyes. Do not rub it with your hands.
• Use sunglasses when the sunlight is too bright.
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Taking Care of the Eyes• Avoid reading inside a
moving vehicle.
• Be careful in handling pointed objects.
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Sense of smell
The nose is the organ for smelling.
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Parts of the NoseOlfactory Cells
Olfactory nerve
Nasal cavity
Nostrils
Sinus
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Functions of the Parts of the Nose
• Nostrils- opening of the nose where air enters.
• Nasal cavity - warms and moistens the air you breathe in.
• Cilia- fine hairs covering the nasal cavity which filter the air that enters the nose.
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Functions of the Parts of the Nose
• Sinus- air spaces in the bones around the nose.
• Olfactory cells- differentiate one smell from the other
• Olfactory Nerve- connects and send signals from the nose
to the brain.
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Common Ailments• Rhinitis- a swelling on the
nasal cavity caused by allergy, pollutants, drugs
or other diseases.• Sinusitis- inflammation of
the sinuses caused by infection.
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Common Ailments• Colds- a viral infection
caused by rhinovirus usually affecting the nose and throat.
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Taking care of the Nose
• Cover your nose in dusty places.
• Keep foreign objects away from the nose.
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Taking Care of the Nose
• Blow your nose gently when you have colds.
• Clean your nose with clean, soft cloth.
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Sense of Hearing
The ears are the organs for hearing.
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Parts of the Ear
Outer ear canal
Pinna
Inner ear canal Eardrum
HammerAnvil
Stirrup
Eustachian tube
Cochlea
Auditory Nerve
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Function of the Parts of the Ear
• Outer ear-collects sound waves and sends them to the
inner ear.• Pinna-it is the curved part of the ear attached to the head
• Ear Canal-directs sound waves to the eardrum.
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Function of the Parts of the Ear
• Ossicles-consist of the three smallest bones in the body. Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
• Inner Ear• Cochlea-contains the true organ
of hearing and balance.• Auditory Nerve-sends signals to
the brain.
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Function of the Parts of the Ear
•Middle Ear-a hollow, air-filled cavity consisting of:
• Inner Auditory Canal- connects the outer ear to the middle ear.
• Eardrum-vibrates due to sound and sends sound waves deeper into the ear.
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Common ailments• Otitis Media- infection of the
middle ear. A cold or some infection spreads to the middle ear and causes it to fill with fluid.
• Tinnitus-persistent ringing in the ear. It is caused by too much exposure to loud noises damaging the cochlea.
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Common ailments• Deafness-loss of ability to hear
due to disease, drugs, trauma or inherent disorder.
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Taking care of the Ear• Clean the outer ear with soft
cloth or cotton.• Keep water from entering the
inner parts of your ears when you swim or bathe.
• Keep pointed objects away from your ears.
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Taking care of the Ear• Stay away from places where there are loud noises.
• Do not shout into your friend’s ears. Likewise, do not let them shout into your ears.
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Sense of Taste
The tongue is the organ for tasting.
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Parts of the TongueSour
Bitter
Sweet and Salty
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Functions of the Tongue
• The tongue is usually flat, has no bones and its muscle fibers run to different directions so it is easily moved.
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Common Ailments of the Tongue
• Inflammation of the tongue occurs when there is
infection, injury, deficiency in food that we eat, or if there is allergy.
•Spicy and hot food can also cause sore tongue.
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Taking Care of the Tongue• Do not eat very hot, very spicy, or even very cold food.
• Brush the teeth and tongue regularly.• Use your own toothbrush. Do not borrow or lend your toothbrush.
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Sense of Touch
The skin is the organ of touch.
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Parts of the SkinEpidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis
Hair rootSweat GlandSebaceous G
land
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Functions of the Parts of the Skin
• Epidermis-the top layer of the skin. It has a thin waterproof
covering made of dead cells. • Dermis-the thicker layer containing
nerve ending sensitive to cold, heat, pressure and pain
• Hypodermis-the thickest layer containing fat lobules.
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Functions of the Parts of the Skin
• Sweat Gland-produces sweat, one of the by-products of our body.
• Hair root- part of the hair which is embedded in the
skin.• Sebaceous Gland-gives off oil to keep the skin from
drying.
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Common Ailments of the Skin
•Tinea flava-appears as white spots on the skin especially on the face and arms.
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Common Ailments of the Skin
•Scabies-caused by mites burrowing under the skin. It causes too much itching.
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Common Ailments of the Skin
•Boils-hard, painful swelling on the skin caused by bacteria.
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Caring for the Skin• Eat plenty of
fruits and vegetables.
• Take a bath regularly.
• Change dirty clothes.
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Caring for the Skin•Drink plenty of water.
•Wash right away if the skin feels itchy.
•Do not over-expose yourself to sunlight.
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« All knowledge comes from
the senses. »- David Hume
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Mr. Wilfred B. Bambico, PhDEducational Technology 2
School of Teacher EducationSaint Louis University
Baguio City