UnderstandinUnderstanding the Uses of g the Uses of RadioisotopesRadioisotopes

Radioisotopes:Radioisotopes:

As we all know isotopes is the same no. As we all know isotopes is the same no. of proton but different no. of nucleon .of proton but different no. of nucleon .

Whereas radioisotopes are unstable Whereas radioisotopes are unstable isotopes which decay and give out isotopes which decay and give out radioactive emissions.radioactive emissions.

AGRICULTURE •) The seeds which resist attack of pest and

give higher production is achieve by radiation. These of seeds are produced after mutation through radiation.

•) Radiation is also used to kill bacteria. •) Radio isotopes are used to determine the

optimum amount of fertilizers and other nutrients for the proper growth of plants

MEDICINE •) Radio phosphorous-32 and radio iodine-131 are

used as tracer to trace out the path of an element in the human body, animal and plant.

•) Phosphorous-32 is used to locate precisely the location of brain tumor.

•) Radio phosphorous-32 has been found effective for treating leukemia.

•) iodine-131 is used for the study of thyroid gland disorder.

•) Radio cobalt-60 is widely used to treat cancerous tumors in human body.

•) Radiation in low dosages can also be used for sterilizing bandages and surgical instruments.

Industrial isotopes:Industrial isotopes:Naturally occurring radioisotopes:Naturally occurring radioisotopes:Chlorine-36: Used to measure sources of chloride and the Chlorine-36: Used to measure sources of chloride and the age of water (up to 2 million years)age of water (up to 2 million years)Carbon-14: Used to measure the age of water (up to Carbon-14: Used to measure the age of water (up to 50,000 years)50,000 years)Tritium (H-3): Used to measure 'young' groundwater (up to Tritium (H-3): Used to measure 'young' groundwater (up to 30 years)30 years)Lead-210: Used to date layers of sand and soil up to 80 Lead-210: Used to date layers of sand and soil up to 80 yearsyearsArtificially produced radioisotopes:Artificially produced radioisotopes:Americium-241:Americium-241:Used in backscatter gauges, smoke detectors, fill height Used in backscatter gauges, smoke detectors, fill height detectors and in measuring ash content of coal.detectors and in measuring ash content of coal.Caesium-137:Caesium-137:Used for radiotracer technique for identification of sources Used for radiotracer technique for identification of sources of soil erosion and deposition, in density and fill height of soil erosion and deposition, in density and fill height level switches.level switches.Silver-110m, Cobalt-60, Lanthanum-140, Scandium-46, Silver-110m, Cobalt-60, Lanthanum-140, Scandium-46, Gold-198:Gold-198:Used together in blast furnaces to determine resident Used together in blast furnaces to determine resident times and to quantify yields to measure the furnace times and to quantify yields to measure the furnace performance.performance.

Cobalt-60:Cobalt-60:Used for gamma sterilisation, industrial radiography, Used for gamma sterilisation, industrial radiography, density and fill height switches.density and fill height switches.

Gold-198 & Technetium-99m:Gold-198 & Technetium-99m:Used to study sewage and liquid waste movements, as Used to study sewage and liquid waste movements, as well as tracing factory waste causing ocean pollution, well as tracing factory waste causing ocean pollution, and to trace sand movement in river beds and ocean and to trace sand movement in river beds and ocean floors.floors.

Strontium-90, Krypton-85, Thallium-204:Strontium-90, Krypton-85, Thallium-204:Used for industrial gauging.Used for industrial gauging.

Zinc-65 & Manganese-54:Zinc-65 & Manganese-54:Used to predict the behaviour of heavy metal Used to predict the behaviour of heavy metal components in effluents from mining waste water.components in effluents from mining waste water.

Iridium-192, Gold-198 & Chromium-57:Iridium-192, Gold-198 & Chromium-57:Used to label sand to study coastal erosionUsed to label sand to study coastal erosion

Ytterbium-169, Iridium-192 & Selenium-75:Ytterbium-169, Iridium-192 & Selenium-75:Used in gamma radiography and non-destructive testing.Used in gamma radiography and non-destructive testing.

Tritiated Water:Tritiated Water:Used as a tracer to study sewage and liquid wastes.Used as a tracer to study sewage and liquid wastes.

Geiger-muller counter

Smoke DetectorSmoke Detector

A A smoke detectorsmoke detector is a device that detects is a device that detects smokesmoke. . Commercial, industrial, and mass residential devices Commercial, industrial, and mass residential devices issue a signal to a fire alarm system, while household issue a signal to a fire alarm system, while household detectors, known as smoke alarms, generally issue a detectors, known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible and/or visual alarm from the detector local audible and/or visual alarm from the detector itself.itself.

Smoke detectors are typically housed in a disk-shaped Smoke detectors are typically housed in a disk-shaped plastic enclosure about 150 millimetres (6 in) in plastic enclosure about 150 millimetres (6 in) in diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but the shape diameter and 25 millimetres (1 in) thick, but the shape can vary by manufacturer or product line. Most smoke can vary by manufacturer or product line. Most smoke detectors work either by optical detection detectors work either by optical detection (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), while (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization), while others use both detection methods to increase others use both detection methods to increase sensitivity to smoke. Smoke detectors are usually sensitivity to smoke. Smoke detectors are usually powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by a central fire alarm system, which is powered by the mains with a battery backup. powered by the mains with a battery backup. Household detectors are usually powered by batteries.Household detectors are usually powered by batteries.