Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.
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Transcript of Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.
Understanding the Korean MiracleUnderstanding the Korean Miracle
E. Young SongE. Young Song
Sogang UniversitySogang UniversitySummer, 2011Summer, 2011
22
I. Some FactsI. Some Facts
Republic of Korea
(South Korea)
Area: 98,480 sq km
slightly larger than Indiana, US.
Mostly hills and mountains
arable land: 17.44%
Google Map
Life Cycle of US workers
Cocco J F Rev. Financ. Stud. 2005;18:535-567
The Review of Financial Studies Vol. 18, No. 2 © 2004 The Society for Financial Studies; all rights reserved.
Economics 1Economics 1 Measuring GDP Measuring GDP
Gross Domestic Product: total value of goods and services produced in an economy during a specific year
1. Expenditure on domestically produced final goods1. Expenditure on domestically produced final goods
Y = C + I + G + X Y = C + I + G + X –– M MY: GDPY: GDPC: Private ConsumptionC: Private ConsumptionI: Investment (machines and buildings)I: Investment (machines and buildings)G: Government Consumption (public services)G: Government Consumption (public services)X: ExportsX: ExportsM: ImportsM: Imports
2. Total Income generated inside an economy2. Total Income generated inside an economy
Y = labor income + capital income (interests, Y = labor income + capital income (interests, dividends, rents) + depreciations + indirect taxesdividends, rents) + depreciations + indirect taxes
44
Composition of Korea’s GDPComposition of Korea’s GDP ((http://ecos.bok.or.kr/)http://ecos.bok.or.kr/)
55
Real GDPReal GDP
Real GDP = GDP calculated in base year pricesReal GDP = GDP calculated in base year prices (to eliminate the influence of inflation)(to eliminate the influence of inflation)
Physical quantity of productionPhysical quantity of production
Economic growth rate = annual percentage Economic growth rate = annual percentage change in real GDPchange in real GDP
66
International Comparison of GDPsInternational Comparison of GDPs
Exchange Rate = 1000Exchange Rate = 1000 won per dollarwon per dollar
GDP per capita of Korea in dollars = 20,000 X 1000GDP per capita of Korea in dollars = 20,000 X 1000 won / E won / E = 20,000 dollars= 20,000 dollars
1.1. E = 2,000 => 10,000 dollarsE = 2,000 => 10,000 dollars
2.2. E = 500 =E = 500 => 40,000 dollars> 40,000 dollars
A US workerproduces
40,000 apples
Price = 1 dollar
GDP = 40,000 dollars
A Korean worker produces
20,000 apples
Price = 1000 won
GDP = 20 million won
77
PPP (purchasing power parity) GDPPPP (purchasing power parity) GDP
Evaluates Korea’s GDP using US pricesEvaluates Korea’s GDP using US prices
GDP per capita of Korea = 20,000 X GDP per capita of Korea = 20,000 X 1 dollar 1 dollar = 20,000 = 20,000 dollarsdollars
1.1. E = 2,000 => 20,000 dollarsE = 2,000 => 20,000 dollars
2.2. E = 500 =E = 500 => 20,000 dollars> 20,000 dollars
A US workerproduces
40,000 apples
Price = 1 dollar
GDP = 40,000 dollars
A Korean worker produces
20,000 apples
Price = 1000 won
GDP = 20 million won
88
Law of 70 – power of compoundingLaw of 70 – power of compounding
Q) A variable increases at the annual rate of x% .Q) A variable increases at the annual rate of x% . How many years before it will double?How many years before it will double?
A) 70/xA) 70/x
Korea 7% per annumKorea 7% per annumYear 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 Income 1000 2000 4000 8000 Income 1000 2000 4000 8000
India 2% per annumIndia 2% per annumYear 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995Income 1000Income 1000 2000 2000
99
PopulationPopulation 2009, World Bank2009, World Bank
Country Population (millions) %1 China 1,331 19.7 2 India 1,155 17.1 3 United States 307 4.5 4 Indonesia 230 3.4 5 Brazil 194 2.9 6 Pakistan 170 2.5 7 Bangladesh 162 2.4 8 Nigeria 155 2.3 9 Russian Federation 142 2.1 10 Japan 128 1.9 11 Mexico 107 1.6 12 Philippines 92 1.4 13 Vietnam 87 1.3 14 Egypt, Arab Rep. 83 1.2 15 Ethiopia 83 1.2 16 Germany 82 1.2 17 Turkey 75 1.1 18 Iran, Islamic Rep. 73 1.1 19 Thailand 68 1.0 20 Congo, Dem. Rep. 66 1.0 21 France 63 0.9 22 United Kingdom 62 0.9 23 Italy 60 0.9 24 Myanmar 50 0.7 25 South Africa 49 0.7 26 Korea, Rep. 49 0.7 1010
GDPGDP 2009, World Bank2009, World Bank
Country GDP (in trillion USD) %1 United States 14.10 24.7 2 Japan 5.07 8.9 3 China 4.99 8.8 4 Germany 3.33 5.8 5 France 2.65 4.6 6 United Kingdom 2.17 3.8 7 Italy 2.11 3.7 8 Brazil 1.57 2.8 9 Spain 1.46 2.6 10 Canada 1.34 2.4 11 India 1.31 2.3 12 Russian Federation 1.23 2.2 13 Australia 0.93 1.6 14 Mexico 0.88 1.5 15 Korea, Rep. 0.83 1.5 16 Netherlands 0.79 1.4 17 Turkey 0.62 1.1 18 Indonesia 0.54 0.9 19 Switzerland 0.49 0.9 20 Belgium 0.47 0.8
1111
GDPGDP in 2005 international pricesin 2005 international prices 2009, World Bank2009, World Bank
1212
Country PPP GDP (in trillion USD) share
1 United States 12.80 20.4
2 China 8.26 13.1
3 Japan 3.79 6.0
4 India 3.43 5.5
5 Germany 2.64 4.2
6 United Kingdom 1.99 3.2
7 Russian Federation 1.93 3.1
8 France 1.85 2.9
9 Brazil 1.83 2.9
10 Italy 1.60 2.5
11 Mexico 1.34 2.1
12 Spain 1.24 2.0
13 Korea, Rep. 1.24 2.0
14 Canada 1.17 1.9
15 Indonesia 0.88 1.4
16 Turkey 0.84 1.3
17 Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.77 1.2
18 Australia 0.75 1.2
1313
PPP GDP per capita PPP GDP per capita in 2005 international pricesin 2005 international prices 2009. World Bank. 2009. World Bank.
Country GDP per capita1 Qatar 82,978 2 Luxembourg 68,853 3 United Arab Emirates 52,435 4 Norway 47,676 5 Singapore 45,978 6 United States 41,761 7 Switzerland 36,954 8 Netherlands 36,358 9 Ireland 36,278 10 Austria 34,673 11 Canada 34,567 12 Australia 34,259 13 Iceland 33,980 14 Belgium 32,395 15 Sweden 32,314 16 Germany 32,255 17 Denmark 32,252 18 United Kingdom 32,147 19 Finland 30,784 20 Japan 29,692 21 France 29,578 22 Equatorial Guinea 28,857 23 Spain 27,066 24 Italy 26,578 25 Greece 26,482 26 Korea, Rep. 25,493
1414
Fifteen Growth Miracles, 1960-2000Fifteen Growth Miracles, 1960-2000
Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005))
1515
Fifteen Growth Disasters, 1960-2000Fifteen Growth Disasters, 1960-2000
Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005))
1616Sachs and Warner (1995)Sachs and Warner (1995)
Asian MiracleAsian Miracle
Required Book:Required Book:
Schuman, Michael (2009) Schuman, Michael (2009) The MiracleThe Miracle: : The Epic The Epic Story of Asia’s Quest for Growth, Story of Asia’s Quest for Growth, New York: New York: HarperCollinsHarperCollins
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