Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

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Understanding the Korean Understanding the Korean Miracle Miracle E. Young Song E. Young Song Sogang University Sogang University Summer, 2011 Summer, 2011

Transcript of Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

Page 1: Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

Understanding the Korean MiracleUnderstanding the Korean Miracle

E. Young SongE. Young Song

Sogang UniversitySogang UniversitySummer, 2011Summer, 2011

Page 2: Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

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I. Some FactsI. Some Facts

Republic of Korea

(South Korea)

Area: 98,480 sq km

slightly larger than Indiana, US.

Mostly hills and mountains

arable land: 17.44%

Google Map

Page 3: Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

Life Cycle of US workers

Cocco J F Rev. Financ. Stud. 2005;18:535-567

The Review of Financial Studies Vol. 18, No. 2 © 2004 The Society for Financial Studies; all rights reserved.

Page 4: Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

Economics 1Economics 1 Measuring GDP Measuring GDP

Gross Domestic Product: total value of goods and services produced in an economy during a specific year

1. Expenditure on domestically produced final goods1. Expenditure on domestically produced final goods

Y = C + I + G + X Y = C + I + G + X –– M MY: GDPY: GDPC: Private ConsumptionC: Private ConsumptionI: Investment (machines and buildings)I: Investment (machines and buildings)G: Government Consumption (public services)G: Government Consumption (public services)X: ExportsX: ExportsM: ImportsM: Imports

2. Total Income generated inside an economy2. Total Income generated inside an economy

Y = labor income + capital income (interests, Y = labor income + capital income (interests, dividends, rents) + depreciations + indirect taxesdividends, rents) + depreciations + indirect taxes

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Page 5: Understanding the Korean Miracle E. Young Song Sogang University Summer, 2011.

Composition of Korea’s GDPComposition of Korea’s GDP ((http://ecos.bok.or.kr/)http://ecos.bok.or.kr/)

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Real GDPReal GDP

Real GDP = GDP calculated in base year pricesReal GDP = GDP calculated in base year prices (to eliminate the influence of inflation)(to eliminate the influence of inflation)

Physical quantity of productionPhysical quantity of production

Economic growth rate = annual percentage Economic growth rate = annual percentage change in real GDPchange in real GDP

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International Comparison of GDPsInternational Comparison of GDPs

Exchange Rate = 1000Exchange Rate = 1000 won per dollarwon per dollar

GDP per capita of Korea in dollars = 20,000 X 1000GDP per capita of Korea in dollars = 20,000 X 1000 won / E won / E = 20,000 dollars= 20,000 dollars

1.1. E = 2,000 => 10,000 dollarsE = 2,000 => 10,000 dollars

2.2. E = 500 =E = 500 => 40,000 dollars> 40,000 dollars

A US workerproduces

40,000 apples

Price = 1 dollar

GDP = 40,000 dollars

A Korean worker produces

20,000 apples

Price = 1000 won

GDP = 20 million won

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PPP (purchasing power parity) GDPPPP (purchasing power parity) GDP

Evaluates Korea’s GDP using US pricesEvaluates Korea’s GDP using US prices

GDP per capita of Korea = 20,000 X GDP per capita of Korea = 20,000 X 1 dollar 1 dollar = 20,000 = 20,000 dollarsdollars

1.1. E = 2,000 => 20,000 dollarsE = 2,000 => 20,000 dollars

2.2. E = 500 =E = 500 => 20,000 dollars> 20,000 dollars

A US workerproduces

40,000 apples

Price = 1 dollar

GDP = 40,000 dollars

A Korean worker produces

20,000 apples

Price = 1000 won

GDP = 20 million won

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Law of 70 – power of compoundingLaw of 70 – power of compounding

Q) A variable increases at the annual rate of x% .Q) A variable increases at the annual rate of x% . How many years before it will double?How many years before it will double?

A) 70/xA) 70/x

Korea 7% per annumKorea 7% per annumYear 1960 1970 1980 1990 Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 Income 1000 2000 4000 8000 Income 1000 2000 4000 8000

India 2% per annumIndia 2% per annumYear 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995Income 1000Income 1000 2000 2000

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PopulationPopulation 2009, World Bank2009, World Bank

  Country Population (millions) %1 China 1,331  19.7 2 India 1,155  17.1 3 United States 307  4.5 4 Indonesia 230  3.4 5 Brazil 194  2.9 6 Pakistan 170  2.5 7 Bangladesh 162  2.4 8 Nigeria 155  2.3 9 Russian Federation 142  2.1 10 Japan 128  1.9 11 Mexico 107  1.6 12 Philippines 92  1.4 13 Vietnam 87  1.3 14 Egypt, Arab Rep. 83  1.2 15 Ethiopia 83  1.2 16 Germany 82  1.2 17 Turkey 75  1.1 18 Iran, Islamic Rep. 73  1.1 19 Thailand 68  1.0 20 Congo, Dem. Rep. 66  1.0 21 France 63  0.9 22 United Kingdom 62  0.9 23 Italy 60  0.9 24 Myanmar 50  0.7 25 South Africa 49  0.7 26 Korea, Rep. 49  0.7  1010

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GDPGDP 2009, World Bank2009, World Bank

Country  GDP (in trillion USD) %1 United States 14.10 24.7 2 Japan 5.07 8.9 3 China 4.99 8.8 4 Germany 3.33 5.8 5 France 2.65 4.6 6 United Kingdom 2.17 3.8 7 Italy 2.11 3.7 8 Brazil 1.57 2.8 9 Spain 1.46 2.6 10 Canada 1.34 2.4 11 India 1.31 2.3 12 Russian Federation 1.23 2.2 13 Australia 0.93 1.6 14 Mexico 0.88 1.5 15 Korea, Rep. 0.83 1.5 16 Netherlands 0.79 1.4 17 Turkey 0.62 1.1 18 Indonesia 0.54 0.9 19 Switzerland 0.49 0.9 20 Belgium 0.47 0.8 

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GDPGDP in 2005 international pricesin 2005 international prices 2009, World Bank2009, World Bank

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Country PPP GDP (in trillion USD) share

1 United States 12.80 20.4

2 China 8.26 13.1

3 Japan 3.79 6.0

4 India 3.43 5.5

5 Germany 2.64 4.2

6 United Kingdom 1.99 3.2

7 Russian Federation 1.93 3.1

8 France 1.85 2.9

9 Brazil 1.83 2.9

10 Italy 1.60 2.5

11 Mexico 1.34 2.1

12 Spain 1.24 2.0

13 Korea, Rep. 1.24 2.0

14 Canada 1.17 1.9

15 Indonesia 0.88 1.4

16 Turkey 0.84 1.3

17 Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.77 1.2

18 Australia 0.75 1.2

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PPP GDP per capita PPP GDP per capita in 2005 international pricesin 2005 international prices 2009. World Bank. 2009. World Bank.

Country GDP per capita1 Qatar                    82,978 2 Luxembourg                    68,853 3 United Arab Emirates                    52,435 4 Norway                    47,676 5 Singapore                    45,978 6 United States                    41,761 7 Switzerland                    36,954 8 Netherlands                    36,358 9 Ireland                    36,278 10 Austria                    34,673 11 Canada                    34,567 12 Australia                    34,259 13 Iceland                    33,980 14 Belgium                    32,395 15 Sweden                    32,314 16 Germany                    32,255 17 Denmark                    32,252 18 United Kingdom                    32,147 19 Finland                    30,784 20 Japan                    29,692 21 France                    29,578 22 Equatorial Guinea                    28,857 23 Spain                    27,066 24 Italy                    26,578 25 Greece                    26,482 26 Korea, Rep.                    25,493 

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Fifteen Growth Miracles, 1960-2000Fifteen Growth Miracles, 1960-2000

Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005))

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Fifteen Growth Disasters, 1960-2000Fifteen Growth Disasters, 1960-2000

Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005Durlauf, S., Johnson, P., and Temple, J. (2005))

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1616Sachs and Warner (1995)Sachs and Warner (1995)

Asian MiracleAsian Miracle

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Required Book:Required Book:

Schuman, Michael (2009) Schuman, Michael (2009) The MiracleThe Miracle: : The Epic The Epic Story of Asia’s Quest for Growth, Story of Asia’s Quest for Growth, New York: New York: HarperCollinsHarperCollins

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