Understanding the Computer Fundamentals

7/31/2019 Understanding the Computer Fundamentals

1/13

UNDERSTANDINGUNDERSTANDINGTHE COMPUTERTHE COMPUTER

FUNDAMENTALSFUNDAMENTALSLecture 1Lecture 1

F1029 - Programming Principles


2/13

INTRODUCTION TOINTRODUCTION TO

COMPUTER SYSTEMSCOMPUTER SYSTEMSComputer is an electronic device used

to process data.

Computer system = hardware +software

The computer system includes notonly the computer, but also anysoftware and peripheral devicesthatare necessary to make the computerfunction. Every computer system, forexample, requires an operating system. F1029 - Programming Principles
http://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/software.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/peripheral_device.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/peripheral_device.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/operating_system.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/operating_system.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/peripheral_device.htmlhttp://webopedia.internet.com/term/c/software.html


3/13

Environment of ComputerEnvironment of Computer

SystemSystem

The four parts of computer systemare:

Software- set ofcomputersinstructions thatdirects devices to

carry out tasks.

User a personwho uses thecomputer.

Data factsarrangement that canbe modified bycomputer into a

beneficial form.

Hardware

parts of acomputer that

can be seen andtouched.



4/13

Hardware is parts in computerthat can be seen and touched.Five categories are:

1. Input Device - Input device is an intermediarydevice that allows user to enter data andinstruction to computers memory. Example :Mouse, microphone and keyboard

2.Output Device - It is used to generateinformation that has been executed by thecomputer for the user. Example: printer,monitor and speaker.

HardwareHardware



5/13

3. Storage Device - It is used to store and accessdata, instructions and information from memory.Example: Floppy disc drive, CD-ROM driveand DVD-ROM Drive.

1. Communication Device - Allows user tocommunicate or exchange data/ informationwith other users. Examples: Modem, FibreOptic, and Coaxial Cable

3. System Unit System unit is plastic and metal coats

containing Centre Processing Unit (CPU),memory and other electronic devices.

CPU, sometimes named as processor, is anelectronic device that executes instructionin computer.

Memory is a series of electronic elementthat holds data and instructions during theperiod of processing by CPU.



6/13

SoftwareSoftware

Software is a set of computerinstructions that directs devicesto carry out tasks.

The two types of software are:

1. System Software - All programs related tomodification and monitoring computers

operations including operating system (OS),translator and program services. Example:Disk Operating System (DOS).



7/13

2. Application Software

pplication Software is a program designed toperform task

or functions.

Example: Word Processing (Microsoft Word)and Spreadsheet Software (Microsoft Excel).

Software development refers to all activities toproduce solution of information system regarding

to organisation problem.The activities are system analysis, system design,

programming, testing, conversion and productionand also maintenance.



8/13


9/13

Example: Flow of ATMExample: Flow of ATM

programprogramAssume that our transaction is money

withdrawal. The instructions are: a. Get the card number from the user (Input)

b. Get pin number from the user (Input)

c. Process the input data (Process)

d. Get the transaction chosen by the user(Input)

e. Get the account type from the user (Input)

f. Process the transaction as wanted by theuser (Process)

g. Withdraw amount of money required by theuser (Output)

h. Print receipt for the user (Output)F1029 - Programming Principles


10/13

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Input: Example: Card number, ATM pinnumber, type of transaction, type ofaccount, amount of money towithdraw.Process: Example: Process to identify card

number, valid pin number, type oftransaction, type of account anddeducts the withdrawal from the usersaccount.Output: Example: Receipt will show balance

in users account and moneywithdrawn. F1029 - Programming Principles


11/13

EXECUTING A PROGRAMEXECUTING A PROGRAM

To execute a program, CPU will examineeach program instruction in memory andsend out the required command signals tocarry out the instruction.

During execution, data can be entered into

memory and manipulated in some specificway (delete and modify) as required.

Program instructions are used to copy aprogram's data (program input) intomemory.

After the input data were processed,instructions for displaying or printing willbe executed.

Result displayed by a program is calledprogram output.

Example: Cash withdrawal from ATMF1029 - Programming Principles


12/13

First step:

Data entered by user are stored in memory (input).

Second step:

CPU will instruct program to process the cardnumber and ATM pin number with the data inmemory concurrently. Program will execute thetransaction chosen by the user and store the resultin memory.

Third step:

The outputs are money withdrawal and receipt

Machine language program for

processing card number andPIN number.

Data entered during execution.

Computed results.

Central Processing Unit.

Output results:

Receipt and money

Input data: CardNumber, PIN

Number, transaction.

Program Output

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3



13/13

Exercises :Exercises :

1. Show step of mailing a copy ofyour SPM transcript usingphotocopy machine.

2. Show step of making call fromyour telephone.

3. Show step of saving yourdocument in your computer.

4. Show steps of buying a tin ofsoft drink for a vendingmachine.

5. Show steps of sending an emailF1029 - Programming Principles

Understanding the Computer Fundamentals

Documents

Transcript of Understanding the Computer Fundamentals