Understanding Test Results Analysis 2

8/8/2019 Understanding Test Results Analysis 2

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UNDERSTANDING TEST RESULTSUNDERSTANDING TEST RESULTS::Analysis, Interpretation and UtilizationAnalysis, Interpretation and Utilization

oror

EVALUATION of LEARNING OUTCOMESEVALUATION of LEARNING OUTCOMES


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E V A L U A T I O NE V A L U A T I O Nthe process of obtaining useful information to serve asthe process of obtaining useful information to serve as

basis for judgingbasis for judging decision alternativesdecision alternatives

To obtain information, we do measurementTo obtain information, we do measurement test as instrumenttest as instrument testingtestingWh en we judge, we compare assessmentWh en we judge, we compare assessment analysisanalysisWh en we give meaning evaluationWh en we give meaning evaluation interpretationinterpretationWh en we do action to improve instructionWh en we do action to improve instruction utilizationutilization

MEASUREMENTMEASUREMENT ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT


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EXPECTATION orEXPECTATION orPERFORMANCE STANDARDPERFORMANCE STANDARD

QUALITY & QUANTITYQUALITY & QUANTITY

MEASUREMENT OFMEASUREMENT OFACTUAL PERFORMANCEACTUAL PERFORMANCEQUALITY & QUANTITYQUALITY & QUANTITY

CORRECTIVECORRECTIVEACTIONSACTIONS

REMEDIALREMEDIALMEASURESMEASURES

ACTIONS TO MAINTAIN/ACTIONS TO MAINTAIN/SUSTAINSUSTAIN

IMPROVEMENT OFIMPROVEMENT OFPERFORMANCEPERFORMANCE

normnorm--referencedreferenced

criterioncriterionreferencedreferenced

COMPARISON of COMPARISON of ACTUALACTUAL

PERFORMANCEPERFORMANCEAGAINSTAGAINST

STANDARDSTANDARD


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PERFORMANCE STANDARD MEASURESPERFORMANCE STANDARD MEASURES -- QUALITYQUALITY

100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010

HIGHPROFICIENCYHIGHPROFICIENCY

AVERAGEPROFICIENCYAVERAGEPROFICIENCY

LOWPROFICIENCYLOWPROFICIENCY

Q U A L I T YQ U A L I T Y

* Quality in terms of level of proficiency* Quality in terms of level of proficiency

Proficiency LevelProficiency Level


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100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010




Q U A L I T YQ U A L I T YProficiency LevelProficiency Level

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010

50 items50 items




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100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010




Q U A L I T YQ U A L I T YProficiency LevelProficiency Level 10 items10 items

1010

99

88

77

66

55

44

33

22

11




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100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010




Q U A L I T YQ U A L I T YProficiency LevelProficiency Level 5 items5 items

55

44

33

22

11




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100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010




Proficiency LevelProficiency Level N=50N=50

at least 38at least 38

Q U A N T I T YQ U A N T I T Y

* Quantity in terms of number of pupils who reached the targetted proficiency.* Quantity in terms of number of pupils who reached the targetted proficiency.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD MEASURESPERFORMANCE STANDARD MEASURES -- QUANTITYQUANTITY


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100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010




Proficiency LevelProficiency Level N=40N=40


Q U A N T I T YQ U A N T I T Y




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100100

9090

8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010




Q U A N T I T YQ U A N T I T YProficiency LevelProficiency Level N=44N=44





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Miss MADLANG AWAMiss MADLANG AWA

BULUBUNDUKIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLBULUBUNDUKIN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

a low performing schoola low performing school


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In three years, I will make aIn three years, I will make adifference in Bulubundukin ES. Itdifference in Bulubundukin ES. It

will be one of the best schools inwill be one of the best schools inthe District of Banga.the District of Banga.


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I will use test results toI will use test results toimprove your instructionalimprove your instructional

performance and theperformance and thelearning outcomes of our learning outcomes of our

pupils.pupils.


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A ll Grade III classes have same A ll Grade III classes have same

lessons todaylessons today -- to read to noteto read to notedetails. How would I know if details. How would I know if the pupils mastered the lesson?the pupils mastered the lesson?


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I will explain to theI will explain to the

teachers the test results.teachers the test results.Then together, we willThen together, we willplan how we willplan how we will

improve instruction.improve instruction. A hh! I will A hh! I willadminister administer

on the spoton the spottest!test!


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I. Objective: read to note detailsI. Objective: read to note details

II. Standard/ Criterion: at least 75% or 30 out of the 40II. Standard/ Criterion: at least 75% or 30 out of the 40pupils should be able to answer correctly 4 out of the 5pupils should be able to answer correctly 4 out of the 5item test on noting details with 80% proficiency.item test on noting details with 80% proficiency.

CRITERIONCRITERION REFERENCED EVALUATIONREFERENCED EVALUATION

QUANTITYQUANTITY

QUALITYQUALITY


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III. Test ResultsIII. Test Results of 5 item Onof 5 item On--thethe--Spot Test in ReadingSpot Test in Reading Grade IIIGrade III

Score:Score:

5544332211

AAFrequencyFrequency

112288202099

N = 40N = 40Mean = 2.15Mean = 2.15

PL = 43%PL = 43%

BBFrequencyFrequency

88121211115544

N = 40N = 40Mean = 3.375Mean = 3.375PL = 67.5%PL = 67.5%

CCFrequencyFrequency

14141717553322

N = 40N = 40Mean = 4.025Mean = 4.025PL = 80.50%PL = 80.50%

3 or 8%3 or 8% 20 or 50%20 or 50% 31 or 78%31 or 78%

CRITERIONCRITERION REFERENCED EVALUATIONREFERENCED EVALUATION


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NORM REFERENCED EVALUATIONNORM REFERENCED EVALUATION

Results of 5 Item OnResults of 5 Item On- -thethe--Spot Test in ReadingSpot Test in ReadingGrade IIIGrade III--Sections A/ B/ CSections A/ B/ C

SectionSection

AABBCC

MeanMean

2.152.153.3753.3754.0254.025

Proficiency LevelProficiency Level

43%43%67.5%67.5%

80.50%80.50%

NORM:NORM: COMBINED MEAN = 2.9375COMBINED MEAN = 2.9375AVERAGEPL = 58.75%AVERAGEPL = 58.75%


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Teacher A class is lowTeacher A class is lowperforming. I willperforming. I will

closely supervise theclosely supervise theteacher.teacher.


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A hh, I will observe A hh, I will observeher. Then I willher. Then I will

analyze the formativeanalyze the formativetest results with her.test results with her.But how will I But how will I

know if her know if her instruction isinstruction is

effective or not?effective or not?


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FORMATIVE TESTFORMATIVE TEST

measures the extent to which the pupils have learned ameasures the extent to which the pupils have learned aparticular objective or skillparticular objective or skillresults can be used as basis for remedial instruction andresults can be used as basis for remedial instruction and

improvement of instructionimprovement of instruction

SUMMATIVE TESTSUMMATIVE TEST

measures the extent to which the pupils have achievemeasures the extent to which the pupils have achievethe outcomes of learning covered in a unit or athe outcomes of learning covered in a unit or arating periodrating period

as basis for the rating of pupils/ students, it providesas basis for the rating of pupils/ students, it providesfeedbacks in terms of the progress that thefeedbacks in terms of the progress that thepupils have madepupils have made


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55--item Formative Test Results in Mathematics IIIitem Formative Test Results in Mathematics III

A.A. Objective: reads and writes numbers up to 100,000Objective: reads and writes numbers up to 100,000

A.A. Evaluation ResultsEvaluation Results

ScoresScores

5544332211

FrequencyFrequency

33441010151588

S x FS x F

151516163030303088

ItemItem

1122334455

CorrectCorrectResponsesResponses

3333202031318877

IntIntPLPL

83%83%50%50%78%78%20%20%18%18%

N=40N=40 Mean =Mean = 99994040

= 2.48= 2.48

PL =PL =2.482.4855 x 100 = 49.6%x 100 = 49.6%

ITEM ANALYSISITEM ANALYSIS

3 or 8%3 or 8%HPHP

APAP

HPHP

LPLP

LPLP

75%75%


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M any classes have lowM any classes have low

proficiency level. Weproficiency level. Weneed to improve our need to improve our

performance. I will set upperformance. I will set upa Comprehensive Schoola Comprehensive School

Evaluation Program.Evaluation Program.


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oo D iagnostic Test at t h e start of SYD iagnostic Test at t h e start of SYoo Mid Year Test at t h e end of 1Mid Year Test at t h e end of 1stst Semester Semester oo EndEnd--ofof--Year A ch ievement TestYear A ch ievement Test

oo D aily Formative TestsD aily Formative Testsoo Summative TestsSummative Tests

-- unit/ long testsunit/ long tests-- quarterly testsquarterly tests

SCHOOL EVALUATIONPROGRAMSCHOOL EVALUATIONPROGRAM


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Diagnostic TestDiagnostic Test

identifies the strengths and weaknesses of pupilsidentifies the strengths and weaknesses of pupils

teachers guide in the planning of lessonteachers guide in the planning of lesson

indicates the initial performance of pupilsindicates the initial performance of pupils

teachers basis for performance targettingteachers basis for performance targetting

SCHOOLS EVALUATION PROGRAMSCHOOLS EVALUATION PROGRAM


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H ow could I h elpH ow could I h elpmy teac h ersmy teac h ers

identify t h em?identify t h em?Strength s andStrengt h s and

weaknesses ofweaknesses of

pupils!pupils!


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Item Analysis of 50 item Diagnostic TestItem Analysis of 50 item Diagnostic Test

ItemItemNoNo

CorrectCorrectResponsesResponses PLPL IntInt

ItemItemNoNo

CorrectCorrectResponsesResponses PLPL IntInt

11 4242 84%84% 66 1515 30% 30%

22 1919 38% 38% 7 7 27 27 54% 54%

3 3 0606 12%12% 88 1010 20%20%

44 1414 28%28% 9 9 38 38 76%76%

5 5 2424 48%48% 1010 1616 32% 32%

N = 50N = 50

Legend:Legend:7575 100100 (HP) High Proficiency(HP) High Proficiency4545 7474 (AP) Average Proficiency(AP) Average Proficiency00 4444 (LP) Low Proficiency(LP) Low Proficiency

HPHP

LPLP

LPLP

LPLP

AP AP

LPLP

AP AP

LPLP

HPHP

LPLP


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A hh I would A hh I wouldask my Districtask my District

Supervisor.Supervisor.

Diagnostic testDiagnostic testresults can beresults can be

used as basis for used as basis for performanceperformance

targetting. How?targetting. How?

A t the end of the A t the end of the

school year,Iwouldschool year,

Iwouldlike to have anlike to have an

increase in our increase in our achievement levelachievement level 7%7%

in quality and 10% inin quality and 10% inquantity.quantity.


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ThroughThrough PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE T ARGETTINGT ARGETTING , you will know , you will know

how much your teachers havehow much your teachers haveaccomplished. You will alsoaccomplished. You will also

know if you are improving or know if you are improving or

not.not.

It will also ensure youIt will also ensure youthat your target at thethat your target at theend of school year willend of school year will

be met.be met.

District SupervisorDistrict Supervisor


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Diagnostic test shows theDiagnostic test shows theinitial performance of theinitial performance of the

class. So it can be the basisclass. So it can be the basisfor performance targetting.for performance targetting.



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I will show you how.I will show you how.

1.1. Record the diagnostic testRecord the diagnostic testresults in terms of qualityresults in terms of qualityand quantity.and quantity.

1.1. Determine the % ofDetermine the % ofincrease that you wouldincrease that you wouldlike to attain.like to attain.

1.1. Set it as your performanceSet it as your performancetarget for the school year.target for the school year.



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Score:Score:

4646--50504141--45453636--4040

3131--35352626--30302121--25251616--20201111--151566--101000--55

Section ASection AFF

885555

99776622111100

N = 44N = 44Mean = 34Mean = 34PL = 68%PL = 68%

Section BSection BFF

000011

7777111177554422

N = 44N = 44Mean = 21Mean = 21PL = 42%PL = 42%

18 or 41%18 or 41% 1 or 2%1 or 2%

Diagnostic Test ResultsDiagnostic Test Results

75%75%


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Diagnostic Test Results as Basis for Performance TargettingDiagnostic Test Results as Basis for Performance Targetting

SectionSection Diagnostic TestDiagnostic Test Performance TargetPerformance TargetQuality Quality Quantity Quantity Quality Quality Quantity Quantity

A A 34 or 68% 34 or 68% 18 or 41%18 or 41%BB 21 or 42%21 or 42% 1 or 2%1 or 2%

Target increase: 7% for QualityTarget increase: 7% for Quality10% for Quantity10% for Quantity

No. of items = 50No. of items = 50 N = 44N = 44

Quality: level of proficiencyQuality: level of proficiencyQuantity: number of pupils who have 75% proficiencyQuantity: number of pupils who have 75% proficiency(who have answered correctly 38 out of the 50 items)(who have answered correctly 38 out of the 50 items)

37.5 or 75% 37.5 or 75%24.5 or 49%24.5 or 49%

22 or 51%22 or 51% 5 or 12% 5 or 12%


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Graphical Representation of Diagnostic Test Results andGraphical Representation of Diagnostic Test Results and

Performance TargetsPerformance Targets

QualityQuality QuantityQuantity

STANDARD for MASTERY LEARNINGSTANDARD for MASTERY LEARNING 8080

7070

6060

5050

4040

3030

2020

1010

00

9090

100100

9090

100100


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Mid Year TestMid Year Test

determines the progress which the pupils have madedetermines the progress which the pupils have made

reflective of what the teacher has accomplishedreflective of what the teacher has accomplished

for the 1for the 1 stst semestersemester

identifies areas for improvementidentifies areas for improvement

teachers guide for planning of lessonteachers guide for planning of lesson

basis for remedial instructionbasis for remedial instruction

principals guide for supervision of principals guide for supervision of

instructioninstruction


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How?How?

M id Year TestM id Year TestResults can alsoResults can alsobe my guide for be my guide for supervision of supervision of

instruction.instruction.


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Mid Year Test Results by Grade Level by Learning AreaMid Year Test Results by Grade Level by Learning Area

GradeGrade

EnglishEnglish ScienceScience MathMath FilipinoFilipino HEKASIHEKASI AVERAGEAVERAGENo.No.ofofIteItemsms

MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL

II 13.213.2 4444 -- -- 11.311.3 3838 14.314.3 4848 13.813.8 4646 13.113.1 4444 3030

IIII 12.612.6 4242 -- -- 12.412.4 4141 15.215.2 5151 16.116.1 5454 14.114.1 4747 3030IIIIII 17.817.8 4545 15.615.6 3939 18.418.4 4646 22.722.7 5757 21.921.9 5555 19.319.3 4848 4040

IVIV 21.721.7 4343 21.621.6 4343 17.617.6 4444 27.527.5 5555 26.926.9 5454 23.123.1 4646 5050

VV 19.419.4 3939 20.120.1 4040 20.420.4 4141 23.923.9 4848 28.228.2 5656 22.422.4 4545 5050

VIVI 22.922.9 4646 20.920.9 4242 21.421.4 4343 25.725.7 5252 26.726.7 5353 23.523.5 4747 5050

AverageAverage -- 4343 -- 4141 -- 4242 -- 5252 -- 5353 -- 4646

Based on Mid Year Test Results, what plan ofBased on Mid Year Test Results, what plan ofaction can Miss Madlangaction can Miss Madlang--awa do to improve theawa do to improve theperformance?performance?


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I have setI have setperformance target.performance target.

Will my teachersWill my teachersachieve the targets atachieve the targets atthe end of the schoolthe end of the school

year?year?

How much have myHow much have myteachersteachers

accomplished for oneaccomplished for onesemester?semester?


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Score:Score:

4646--50504141--45453636--4040

3131--35352626--30302121--25251616--20201111--151566--101000--55


9966

66553322110000

N = 44N = 44Mean = 35Mean = 35PL = 70%PL = 70%


0011

88557766553322

N = 44N = 44Mean = 25Mean = 25PL = 50%PL = 50%

20 or 45%20 or 45% 5 or 12%5 or 12%

Mid Year Test ResultsMid Year Test Results

5/55/5 75%75%4/34/3


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SectionSectionQUALITYQUALITY QUANTITYQUANTITY

MeanMean PLPL NN %%AA 3535 70%70% 2020 45%45%BB 2525 50%50% 55 12%12%

Mid Year Test ResultsMid Year Test Resultsas basis foras basis for

Measurement of ProgressMeasurement of Progress

Performance TargetPerformance Target

Quality Quality Quantity Quantity 37.5 or 75%37.5 or 75% 22 or 51%22 or 51%24.5 or 49%24.5 or 49% 5 or 12%5 or 12%

N = 44N = 44

Quality: level of proficiencyQuality: level of proficiencyQuantity: number of pupils who have 75%Quantity: number of pupils who have 75%proficiency (who have answeredproficiency (who have answered correctlycorrectly38 out of the 50 items)38 out of the 50 items)


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Graphical Representation of Mid Year Test Results andGraphical Representation of Mid Year Test Results andPerformance TargetsPerformance Targets

QualityQuality QuantityQuantity

STANDARD for MASTERY LEARNINGSTANDARD for MASTERY LEARNING

9090

100100

80807070

6060

5050

40403030

2020

1010

00

9090

100100


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EndEnd--of of--theYear Achievement TesttheYear Achievement Test

Determines what the pupils have learned in relation to whatDetermines what the pupils have learned in relation to whatthey are supposed to learnthey are supposed to learn

what the teacher has accomplished for the SYwhat the teacher has accomplished for the SY

manifestation of teachers performancemanifestation of teachers performance

provides baseline dataprovides baseline data

valid input for the conceptualization of programs &valid input for the conceptualization of programs &projects to be included in the work planprojects to be included in the work plan


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To what extent haveTo what extent havethe pupils learnedthe pupils learned

what they arewhat they aresupposed to learn?supposed to learn?

I will find out fromI will find out fromthe achievement testthe achievement test

results.results.


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What projects for What projects for improvement of improvement of instruction will I instruction will I implement nextimplement next

school year?school year?

I will use the testI will use the testresults as basisresults as basisfor my A nnualfor my A nnualImprovementImprovement

Plan next SY.Plan next SY.


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GradeGrade

SubjectsSubjects

EnglishEnglish ScienceScience MathMath FilipinoFilipino APAP AverageAverage

SDSDMeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL MeanMean PLPL

II 16.716.7 5656 -- -- 12.412.4 4141 18.418.4 6161 18.318.3 6161 16.516.5 5555 4.594.59

IIII 13.413.4 4545 -- -- 13.513.5 4545 19.619.6 6565 19.519.5 656516.516.5

5555 8.568.56IIIIII 23.423.4 5959 18.718.7 4747 21.921.9 5555 22.722.7 5757 27.227.2 6868 22.7822.78 5757 6.526.52

IVIV 24.724.7 4949 21.621.6 4343 27.527.5 5555 29.829.8 6060 31.131.1 6262 26.9426.94 5454 7.167.16

VV 29.629.6 5959 21.821.8 4444 22.722.7 4545 34.934.9 7070 32.432.4 6565 28.2828.28 5757 11.411.4

VIVI 26.126.1 5252 20.920.9 4242 21.421.4 4343 31.231.2 6363 36.536.5 7373 27.2227.22 5454 9.379.37

AverageAverage -- 5353 -- 4444 -- 4747 -- 6363 -- 6666 -- 5555

Achievement Test Results by Grade Level by Learning AreasAchievement Test Results by Grade Level by Learning Areas

What projects for improvement of instructionWhat projects for improvement of instructionwill Miss Madlang awa implement next SY?will Miss Madlang awa implement next SY?


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Wh at s Wh at s th at?th at?SDSD


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68%68%

16%16% 16%16%-- 1SD1SD XX +1SD+1SD

__

N = 44N = 4468% of 44 = 3068% of 44 = 3016% of 44 = 716% of 44 = 7

Approximate Percentage of the Area Under a Normal Distribution CurveApproximate Percentage of the Area Under a Normal Distribution Curve


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30 or30 or68%68%

7 or7 or16%16%

7 or7 or16%16%

R ange in scor es of 68% of the c la ssR ange in scor es of 68% of the c la ss -- 99

23 above = 723 above = 7

17 to 22 = 3017 to 22 = 30below 17 = 7below 17 = 7

__12 below X = 17.2 23 above12 below X = 17.2 23 above17.217.2 4.59 = 134.59 = 13 17.2 + 4.59 = 2217.2 + 4.59 = 22

SD = 4.59SD = 4.59


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30 or30 or68%68%

16%16% 16%16%

R ange in scor es of 68% of the c la ssR ange in scor es of 68% of the c la ss -- 1919

__17 below17 below X = 27.22 38 aboveX = 27.22 38 above27.2227.22 9.37 = 189.37 = 18 27.22 + 9.37 = 3727.22 + 9.37 = 37

38 above = 738 above = 7

18 to 37 = 3018 to 37 = 3017 below = 717 below = 7

SD = 9.37SD = 9.37


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Who deserveWho deservehighhighperformanceperformance

rating?rating?What have myWhat have myteachersteachers

accomplished?accomplished?


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A hh I will use the achievement A hh I will use the achievement

test results to determine whattest results to determine whatmy teachers have accomplishedmy teachers have accomplished

for one School Year.for one School Year.


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Score:Score:

4646--50504141--45453636--4040

3131--35352626--30302121--25251616--20201111--1515

66--101000--55


8899

5533220011

0000

N = 44N = 44Mean = 38Mean = 38PL = 76%PL = 76%


3377

8866333322

1111

N = 44N = 44Mean = 34Mean = 34PL = 68%PL = 68%

30 or 68%30 or 68% 15 or 34%15 or 34%

Achievement Test ResultsAchievement Test Results

13/313/3 75%75%5/55/5


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Z

1. 1. Bulubu nd uki n Elementa ry Sch oo lBulubu nd uki n Elementa ry Sch oo l2. ____________________________2. ____________________________

3. ____________________________3. ____________________________4. ____________________________4. ____________________________5. ____________________________5. ____________________________6. ____________________________6. ____________________________7. ____________________________7. ____________________________8. ____________________________8. ____________________________9. ____________________________9. ____________________________10. ___________________________10. ___________________________

based on average of Division, Regional and National A chievement Testsbased on average of Division, Regional and National A chievement Tests

C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S ! ! !C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S ! ! !


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based on A verage of Division, Regional and National A chievement Testsbased on A verage of Division, Regional and National A chievement Tests

C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S ! ! !C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S ! ! !

1. 1. Bulubu nd uki n Elementa ry Sch oo lBulubu nd uki n Elementa ry Sch oo l2. ____________________________2. ____________________________3. ____________________________3. ____________________________4. ____________________________4. ____________________________5. ____________________________5. ____________________________6. ____________________________6. ____________________________7. ____________________________7. ____________________________8. ____________________________8. ____________________________9. ____________________________9. ____________________________10. ___________________________10. ___________________________

W O W !W O W ! Congrats!Congrats!


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Congrats!Congrats!Good Job.Good Job.

Congratulation!Congratulation!W O W !W O W !


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What s your secret?What s your secret?Share us your bestShare us your best

practice.practice.


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U nde r stand i ng T est Resul ts and U nde r stand i ng T est Resul ts and u si ng th em as b as i s for i mp rov i ng u si ng th em as b as i s for i mp rov i ng

i nst r u ct i ona l pe rfor mancei nst r u ct i ona l pe rfor mance of of teachers and learning outcomes of teachers and learning outcomes of

pupils. This is our best practice.pupils. This is our best practice.


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C lap! C lap!C lap! C lap! A pplause!A pplause!


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Standard Deviation

Is a measure of how far the score falls from theaverage score that other people taking the sametests. Scores that are one standard deviationeither lower or higher than the mean are stillwithin the average scores.When the score is more than one sd away fromthe average the score becomes more significant.So the further away from the average the score is,

or the more sd away from the middle it is , themore it tells us about the strength andweaknesses of the test.


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N orm Reference Test

N orm-referenced tests allow us to compare a student sskills to others in his age group. N orm-referenced tests aredeveloped by creating the test items and thenadministering the test to a group of students that will beused as the basis of comparison. Statistical methods areused to determine how raw scores will be interpreted andwhat performance levels are assigned to each score.

After the norming process, the tests are used to assessgroups of students or individuals using standardized, orhighly structured and administration procedures.

Educators use norm-reference test to evaluate theeffectiveness of teaching programs, to help determinestudents preparedness for programs.


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A good teacher makes you think even whenyou don t want to

Fisher, 1998, Teaching Thinking

Understanding Test Results Analysis 2

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