Understanding ourselves...and others - with a little help from Synapsys

Understanding Yourself and Others around you …

…with a little help from Synapsys Professional Interpretive Assessments

ByParakram

Doors Synapsys

At Neuroscience Research Laboratory, PGIMER, Chandigarh

What will we discover ?

• Nature v/s Nurture

• Human Personality

• Human Intelligence – MI Theory

• Brain Hemispheric Dominance

• Learning Methods – V/A/K

• Learning Motivations

….. And how to understand ourselves…and others

Tabula rasa or Innatism ?

Tabula rasa – an

epistemological theory which proposes that individuals are born without built-in mental content and that knowledge comes only from experience and perception

Are we born as ‘clean slates’ ?

Perhaps, a bit of both….

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HUMAN PERSONALITY


The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which referred to a theatrical mask work by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities.

"Although no single definition is acceptable to all personality theorists, we can say that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person's behavior."(Feist and Feist, 2009)

Dr William Marston’s Theory first propounded in 1920 in his book –‘Emotions of Normal People’. Acknowledged as the most enduring and acceptable theory of human personality. It is used widely as the DISCMethodology for Personalitydetermination

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The 4 Personality Types

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STABLE


Emphasis : Cooperates with others within existing circumstances to carry out task.

Tendencies :

• Demonstrates patience

• Develops specialized skills

• Helps others willingly

• Performs consistently

• Shows loyalty

• Listens patiently

• Flourishes in a stable environment

• Predictable

• Friendly

Preferred Environment :

• Maintenance of status quo

• Predictable routines

• Minimal work infringement on home life

• Thrives on sincere appreciation

• Identifies with a group and is not individualistic

• Avoids conflict

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COMPLIANT


Emphasis : Works conscientiously within existing circumstances to ensure quality and accuracy

Tendencies :

• Concentrates on key details

• Tends to be diplomatic and courteous

• Fanatical about accuracy

• Seeks perfection

• Adheres to rules, regulations, directives and standards

• Thinks analytically

• Uses indirect approaches to conflicts

• Uses systematic approach to situations

• Fact finder, Precise

• Careful and cautious


• Clearly defined performance expectations

• Reserved, business-like atmosphere

• Control over factors that affect their performance

• Recognition of specific skills and accomplishments

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ENTHUSIASTIC/EXHUBERANT


Emphasis : Shapes the environment by influencing or persuading others

Tendencies :

• Eager to meet people and socialize

• Wants to create a good impression

• Articulates very well and is a good conversationalist

• Creates a motivational environment

• Entertains people and believes in a ‘fun’ atmosphere

• Can be overly optimistic

• Loves to work in groups and being with people

• Can be very persuasive

• Can be impulsive and spontaneous

• Can be very expressive and comfortable with expressing emotions

• Can be very enthusiastic and charming


• Popularity and Social Recognition

• Public recognition of ability

• Freedom of Expression

• Group activities outside of job

• Freedom from control and detail

• Favorable work environment

ASSERTIVE


Emphasis : Shapes the environment by overcoming opposition to accomplish results

• Tendencies :

• Strives for immediate results

• Believes in causing action

• Accepts challenges

• Takes quick decisions

• Questions status quo

• Relishes authority

• Likes to manage situations and solving problems

• Task and achievement oriented

• Can take risks

• Egoistic


• Power and authority

• Prestige and challenge

• Direct answers

• Wide scope of operations

• Opportunities for individual accomplishment

• Opportunity for self advancement

• Freedom from direct control and supervision by others

• Likes new and varied activities

Human Intelligence

Several theories …..

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•Respect for many differences among people•Multiple variations in the way they learn•Several modes of assessment•An infinite number of ways in which they can leave a mark on the world

The Essence of MI Theory

1904 Alfred Binet, a

French Psychologist was asked by the Minister of Public instruction to devise a test to find out which primary grade children were ‘at risk’ for failure.

The ‘IQ’ Test was the result

The metrics of intelligence

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‘IQ’ dominated the scene until 1983 Dr Gardner proposed the MI Theory

‘IQ’ is too narrow a concept …and there are at least 8 different ways a person can be ‘intelligent’


Gardner’s Definition of Intelligence

Intelligence is the ability to solve problems or fashion products that are

of consequence in a particular cultural setting or community.

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Intelligence -or only an ability ?

1. Potential isolation by brain damage

2. Existence of savants, prodigies, exceptional individuals

3. Distinctive developmental history

4. Evolutionary history5. Psychometric/Psychological

support6. Identifiable core operations7. Symbol System

Linguistic Intelligence


• Capacity to use words effectively – orator, story teller, poet, journalist

• Ability to manipulate syntax (structure), phonology (sound), semantics (meaning), rhetoric (convincing), mnemonics (remembering), explanation (informing/educating)

LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE – Word Smart !

Logical - Mathematical Intelligence


• Capacity to use numbers effectively – mathematician, statistician.

• Capacity to reason – scientist, software programmer.

• Sensitivity to logical patterns and relationships

• If-then, cause-effect, inference, abstractions

MATHEMATICAL-LOGICAL- Number Smart !

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Visual - Spatial


VISUAL –SPATIAL – Picture Smart !

• Ability to perceive visual-spatial world accurately – guide, hunter, scout

• Perform transformations upon those perceptions –interior designer, architect, artist

• Sensitivity to color, line, shape, form and space

• Capacity to visualize, graphically present ideas and to orient oneself in a spatial matrix

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KINESTHETIC


KINESTHETIC – Body Smart !

• Expertise in using one’s body to express ideas and feelings –actor, mime, athlete, dancer

• Using hands to produce or transform things – craftsperson, sculptor, mechanic, surgeon

• Specific physical skills –coordination, dexterity, flexibility, tactile and haptic (nonverbal communication) capacities

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MUSICAL


MUSICAL – Sound Smart !

• Capacity to perceive, discriminate, transform and express musical forms

• Musical aficionado, Composer, Performer

• Sensitivity to rhythm, Pitch/Melody or Tone

• Intuitional or Analytical understanding of music or both.

• Emotional or Kinesthetic connect with music

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INTRAPERSONAL


INTRAPERSONAL – Self Smart !

• Self motivated, Self cognitive ability motivates them to build on strengths and overcome weaknesses

• High self awareness, ability to work alone

• Ambition, Perseverance

• Ability to pursue long term goals

• Philosophers, thinkers, leaders, strategists, …

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INTERPERSONAL


• Ability to perceive and make distinctions in the moods, intentions, motivations and feelings of others

• Sensitivity to facial expressions, voices and gestures

• Capacity for discriminating among various types of emotional cues

• Ability to respond effectively to emotional cues (eg. Influencing others to follow a certain line of action.

INTERPERSONAL – People Smart !

NATURALISTIC


NATURALIST – Nature/Environment Smart !

People with a high degree of this intelligence are good at observing nature and their environment and are good at identifying natural things, birds, animals, plants, etc.

They may be termed as being ‘one with nature’ and enjoy being in natural surroundings. This intelligence also has to do with being familiar with the environment around them, perceive potential threats and opportunities in their environment and also have a keen understanding of relationships between natural things.

Brain Hemispheric Dominance

The theory of Brain Dominance grew out of the work of Roger Sperry, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1981. Our brains have two hemispheres – the Left and Right Hemispheres which are connected by the corpus callosum. This allows the two hemispheres to communicate.

While studying the effects of epilepsy, Sperry discovered that by severing the corpus callosum he could reduce epileptic seizures.

But he also observed that since the corpus callosum was the information highway between the two hemispheres the patients exhibited some other symptoms.

For example the patients were unable to name objects processed visually on the right side of the brain but were able to name objects processed on the left side. This caused Sperry to theorize that language is a left brain activity.

Left v/s Right

The Left Brain is adept at tasks that involve logic, language and analytical thinking.

Language

Logic

Critical Thinking

Numbers

Reasoning

Convergent thinking

The Right Brain is best at

expressive and creative tasks.

Recognizing faces

Expressing emotions

Music

Reading emotions

Color

Images

Intuition

Creativity

Divergent thinking

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PREFERENTIAL LEARNING STYLES

Think in pictures and need to create vivid mental images to retain information. Enjoy looking at maps, charts, pictures, videos and movies

Visual skills which are demonstrated in puzzle building, reading, writing, understanding charts and graphs, a good sense of direction, sketching, painting, creating visual metaphors and analogies, manipulating images and interpreting visual images

Are able to create strong visualizations of sizes, shapes, texture and depth in their minds.

Pay close attention to facial expressions and body language of others

Remember faces easily but may forget names

Need an organized space to concentrate on work or study

VISUAL STIMULUS – Iconic Memory/Visualization Learning

VISUAL LEARNERS

Have highly developed auditory skills and are generally good at speaking and voice modulationThink in words rather than in picturesLearn best through verbal lectures, discussions, talking things through and listening to what others have to sayHave auditory skills which are demonstrated in listening, speaking, story telling, explaining, teaching, understanding the syntax and meaning of words, have a good vocabulary.Have an ear for tone, rhythm and notes – are musically inclinedRemember names but may forget facesAre easily distracted by noise and need a quiet place to work or study

AURAL STIMULUS – Echoic Memory/Tonal Learning

AUDITORY LEARNERS

Learn through doing, moving and touching (tactile)Express themselves through movementHave good sense of balance and hand –eye coordinationRemember and process information by interacting with space and objects around themFind it hard to to sit still for long periodsHave skills demonstrated in physical activity, athletic ability, hands on experimentation, acting, dance, mime and using their hands to create, build and expressing emotions.Use physical activities to relax and unwindRemember people by recalling what they didAre distracted by movement while studying or working.

TACTILE / KINESTHETIC STIMULUS -Haptic Memory. Motor Learning

KINESTHETIC

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LEARNING MOTIVATION

• Self Cognitive•Affective•Reflective•Reverse/Contrary

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A few quick but well considered stepsRole Analysis – A session with HR Team and Departmental HeadA presentation to the Team – A session which may extend up to 4 hours depending on the team size and complexity of the assessments requiredBiometric Data capture – A few minutes per personPsychometric Testing – Based on specific roles and jobsReport Generation – Within 24 hoursInterpretations and Discussion with HR Team

How do we do it ?

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A judicious combination of PSYCOMETRICS & BIOMETRICS

HOW DO WE DO IT ?

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Psychometric Biometric

Questionnaires No questionnaire

Subjective Objective

Biased Unbiased

Time consuming Less time consuming

Effect of environment No effect of

environment

Can be manipulated No manipulation is

possible

Psychological significance of fingerprint patterns

Main thrust of scientific dermatoglyphicresearch –genetics and chromosomal defects

Over 4000 research publications during the past 30 years

Dermatoglyphics

Sir Francis Galton

Congenital Heart DiseaseLeukaemiaCongenital DiabetesAlzheimers DiseaseDowns SyndromeSchizophreniaKlinefelters Syndrome………… many othersRef : Dermatoglyphics in Medical Disorders –Schaumann and Alters, Springer – 1976, reprint 2012

Significant Research on Dermatoglyphic Indicators

Down’s Syndrome : Trisomy 21 –Simian Crease or Single Transverse PalmarCrease, Predominance of UlnarLoops with peculiar orientation

Klinefelter’s Syndrome : XXY – Arch on Digit 1, Ulnar Loop on Digit 2

Awarded jointly to Dr Rita Levi-Montalcini and Dr Stanley CohenDiscoveries of Growth Factors – EGF and NGF

1986 – Nobel Prize in Physiology

CNS and Epidermis

At an embryological stage ( wk 2) the Ectoderm differentiates into tissues which will form the Epidermis and the Neural Plate which later forms the Neural tube and finally the CNS

The finger prints and neural networks are ready by 21st week

Anencephaly – Failure of anterior neural tube to close (Cephalic Disorder) – In most cases a total absence of fingerprints is observed

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A map of the innate or genetic capabilities and propensities of brain lobesPrefrontal – PersonalityFrontal – Logic/ImaginationParietal – Motor skillsTemporal – Sound-Language/MusicOccipital - Visual

Neocortex Profile

The basic question - who am I ?

If we can discover the followingoPersonality TypeoMI ProfileoLearning StyleoBrain Hemispheric DominanceoLearning MotivationoFour Quotients –

IQ/EQ/CQ/AQoWe can lead fulfilling lives…

For Professionals at the work place

Preferred Work EnvironmentCommunication ExpectationsMotivationTeam FactorsCompetency PotentialTraining InterventionsHuman Job Analysis

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Thank you !!!

Understanding ourselves...and others - with a little help from Synapsys

Recruiting & HR

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