UNDERSTANDING "OPENNESS" IN RESEARCH ON

OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES: DELIBERATIONS

OF THE ROER4D PROJECT

Walji, S.;Hodgkinson-Williams, C.;

;

© 2018, WALJI, S.

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original work is properly credited.

Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons

Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode), qui permet

l’utilisation, la distribution et la reproduction sans restriction, pourvu que le mérite de la

création originale soit adéquatement reconnu.

IDRC Grant/ Subvention du CRDI: 107311-001-Research into Open Educational Resources for

Development

Sukaina Walji & Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams

University of Cape Town, South Africa

eLearning Africa 2015, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

20-22 May 2015

Understanding "Openness" in Research on Open

Educational Resources: Deliberations of the ROER4D

Project

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Overview

The premise and opportunity of OER

The ROER4D project

“Open research” practices

Benefits and challenges of open research

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Rising numbers of students in

the education sector

Education institutions under

political & financial pressure

Expensive, limited in number,

often outdated textbooks are

not entirely relevant to the

context

Employability of graduates

Reduction of educational

funding by governments

Key challenges facing education in developing countries

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OER as a response to some challenges facing education

in developing countries

http://www.elearning-africa.com/eLA_Newsportal/finding-the-sweet-spot-open-

educational-resources-in-the-developing-world/

Improve the affordability of

education through reducing

students’ textbook and course

development costs

Improve the quality & currency of

teaching materials through

adaptation and customisation

Increase visibility of teaching &

knowledge from Global South

Enable the personalisation of

instruction

Improve teacher pedagogy to

learner centred constructivism

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Open educational resources

(OER) are teaching, learning,

and research resources that

reside in the public domain or

have been released under an

intellectual property license

that permits their free use and

re-purposing by others (e.g.

Creative Commons) (adapted

from Smith & Casserly 2006:

8).

Free videosAny learner or

teacher

What are OER? Free lecture

notes

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.OER vs Materials on the internet

OER

Intentional contribution of

teaching, learning and research

materials for others to access

freely and reuse legally

Internet

Visibility of all types of materials

for others to access freely that

are copyrighted by default

Hodgkinson-Williams & Gray (2009:110) & Hodgkinson-Williams (2014)

Copy

Customise (e.g. translate, add local content)

Combine (e.g. select and mix content)

Contribute (e.g. share locally & with the world)

OER: Degrees of openness

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Creative Commons Licences ifrililli

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Examples of OER from Africa (1)

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http://www.afrivip.org/open-education-resources

http://www.tessafrica.net

Examples of OER from Africa (2)

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Low participation of Africa in open education

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Most OER research taking place in Global North

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in the Global South

In what ways, and under what

circumstances, can the adoption of

OER impact upon the increasing

demand for accessible, relevant,

high-quality, and affordable

education in the Global South?

Research on OER for Development

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1. Build an empirical knowledge base on the use and impact of OER in education

2. Develop the capacity of OER researchers

3. Build a network of OER scholars

4. Communicate research to inform education policy and practice

5. Curate research documents produced and data collected as open data

ROER4D Objectives

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ROER4D’s Map of research projects

Research on Open Educational Resources for Development in the Global Sou

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ROER4D’s Project Clusters & Coordination

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ROER4D “Openness” and open research practices

What does it to mean to “be open”?

“strategic application of ICT-enabled openness practices (sharing,

transparency, reuse, revision, remixing, crowdsourcing, and peer

production) in ICT4D interventions/activities to help tackle a

development problem” (Smith, 2014)

How do we operationalise “open” in the ROER4D project?

Research outputs (findings and

data) to be released as legally

shareable – CC licensed

Sharing the process of research –

proposals, literature review,

technical reports, blogging,

crowdsourcing

Conceptual Framework/s

Methods

Instrument questions

Data

Analysis tools

Findings

Proposal

Literature

Review

Open

Research

process

ROER4D open research cycle

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ROER4D sharing the process of research

www.roer4d.org

www.slideshare.com/roer4d

www.twitter.com/roer4d

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ROER4D research in “the open”

ROER4D

Bibliography:

http://tinyurl.com/R

OER4D-

Bibliography

Project output in

Open UCT

Repository:

https://open.uct.ac.

za/handle/11427/9

788

lAN OVERVIEW OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES

POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN THE SOUTH AND SOUTH EAST

ASIAN REGIONS

G. DhanarajanWawasan Open University

Penang, Malaysia

Preamble

This paper responds to the brief given by ROER4D to review the socio, economic,

educational and legal environments around Open Educational Resources [OER] on the

Asian continent. Interest in Open Educational Resources [OER]. in many parts oIAsia,

as a means to confront educational challenges. began to attract the attention of many

workers in and scholars of education. especially those engaged in higher education,

sometimes during the middle ol the last last decade Those in Far East Asia (3 Korea,

Japan and Taiwan] attracted by the buzz created by M|T‘s Open Course Ware [OCI/I4.

were among the early enthusiasts These early adopters, much influenced. further. by

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E-my-UV

Project

events

Resources

SlideShare

Blog Twitter

Facebook Page

CMS (Vula)

Website

Email

Virtual meetings

(Skype, Adobe

Connect)

Internal communications External communications

Conferences

ROER4D communications overview

OpenUCT

repositoryNewsletter

ROER4D open research – plan for interactive

research report

Due to the number of projects and the different ways in which they could be grouped for different audiences, the ROER4D team are currently exploring software platforms to enable the dissemination of project outputs in a digital format that will allow for:

Different layers of detail of reports:

Executive summaries

Policy briefs

Brief individual project reports

Detailed individual project reports linked to open data (where available)

remixing of content (e.g. all the regional South American reports together and/or all the country specific reports together)

commenting on the reports (for a period of time)

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Benefits of “open” research in ROER4D

Benefits for those interested or affected by research

• Surfacing contradictions where authors publish about OER in “closed”

journals!

• Mitigates situation where access to information is for those who can pay

(disadvantage for those in the Global South

Benefits for researchers and project team

• Early “warning” of potential problems and feedback from potential

stakeholders

• Engagement and involvement of other OER researchers, open education

projects stakeholders, (other) funders

• Sharing of research instruments, methodologies

• Promotes collaborative practices

Openness is not without risk!

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ROER4D Open Magna Carta

Make open …

… if it adds value

… if it is ethical

… if it is legal

… by default

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magna_Carta#mediaviewer/File:Magna_Carta_(1297_version_with_seal,_owned_by_David_M_Rubenstein).png

On public display in

the West Rotunda

Gallery of the National

Archives Building in

Washington, D.C

Links

Website: www.roer4d.org

Contact Author

sukaina.walji@uct.ac.za

Follow us: http://twitter.com/roer4D

Presentations: www.slideshare.com/roer4D

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Acknowledgments & Attribution

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Written by Sukaina Walji and Cheryl Hodgkinson-Williams.

With acknowledgement to the ROER4D Network Hub Team at the University of

Cape Town.

Contact:Sukaina.Walji@uct.ac.za

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