Understanding Matter

Chemicals are found all around us Ex. Soap, bleach, windex, chlorine etc. Chemicals can be safe or dangerous ex.

chlorine, lye Chemicals must be stored and disposed of

in a safe way

WHMIS: workplace hazardous materials information system

MSDS: material safety data sheets

Household Hazardous Safety Symbols:

Workplace Hazardous Material Information System (WHMIS):

Has mass and takes up space Particle Theory of Matter

◦ All particles in a pure substance are the same◦ There are spaces between particles◦ Particles are always moving◦ Particles of a substance are attracted to one

another

Solid: closely packed particles that move very little ex. Sugar

Liquid: particles are further apart, particles move around ex. Milk

Gas: loosely packed particles which move freely

Chemical Properties: describes how a substance reacts with another substance when forming a new substance.

Physical Properties: any observable or measurable property without forming a new substance.

Chemical PropertiesChemical Properties Physical PropertiesPhysical Properties

QualitativeQualitativeCharacteristic that may Characteristic that may

be described but not be described but not measured.measured.

QuantitativeQuantitativeCharacteristic that can be Characteristic that can be

measured measured numerically.numerically.

Reacts with waterReacts with water ColourColour Melting pointMelting point

Reacts with airReacts with air TextureTexture Boiling pointBoiling point

Reacts with pure oxygenReacts with pure oxygen TasteTaste DensityDensity

Reacts with acidsReacts with acids SmellSmell ViscosityViscosity

Reacts with other pure Reacts with other pure substancessubstances

StateState Solubility Solubility

ToxicityToxicity Crystal shapeCrystal shape Electrical conductivityElectrical conductivity

StabilityStability MalleabilityMalleability Heat conductivityHeat conductivity

Combustibility Combustibility DuctilityDuctility HardnessHardness

Physical: characteristics or qualities ex. Shape, color, state, freezing point, boiling point, texture, hardness, smell, magnetism, conductivity, flexibility, density

Chemical: how substances react ex. change in color smell, temperature, ease of catching fire and burning, reactions, production of a new substance

Pure substance: made of only one type of particle, can not be separated into components, includes elements (oxygen) and compounds (water) ex. Distilled water, baking soda, sugar

Mixture: contains more than one type of particle, can be separated into components, includes solutions (chocolate milk) and mechanical mixtures (muffins) ex. Juice, perfume, cookie dough

Pure Substance: made of only one kind of matter and has a unique set of properties (chemical and physical). e.g. mercury (element) and sugar (compound)

Element: a material that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance. e.g. helium, oxygen.

Compound: when two or more elements combine e.g. water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2).

Mixture: a combination of pure substances where the properties can vary depending on the quantities of the substances.

Mechanical (Heterogeneous) Mixture: a mixture in which the different substances are visible. e.g. soil, cookie dough, vomit.

Solution (Homogeneous): a mixture in which the different substances are not visible. e.g. kool aid, ice tea.