Understanding behavior of cat and dog
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Transcript of Understanding behavior of cat and dog
Assignment Submitted to: Dr. Tanveer
Submitted By: Zohaib Saleem
Registration no. 2012-ag-2642
Roll no. 727
Section C
Behaviour of dogs
WHAT IS BEHAVIOUR
Behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli.
How dogs differ in behaviour than other animals Intelligence Senses
Different types of behaviours
Communication behavior Social behavior Reproduction behavior Feeding behaviour
CommunicationCommunicationCommunication occurs upon production of a signal by one animal that is recognised and alters the behaviour of the receiver of the signal
Communication can be:VisualAuditoryChemicalTactile
Inter and Intra-specie Communication
Communication Behaviour
Dog to dog communication Dog to Human communication
DOG-DOG communication
These communication behaviors include: Eye gaze Facial expression Vocalization Body posture (including movements of
bodies and limbs)
DOG-DOG communication
gustatory communication (scents, pheromones and taste) including in it
Dog-Human Communication
Humans communicate with dogs by using
Vocalization Hand signals Body posture
Visual Visual CommunicationCommunicationPositive Arousal = Distance Decreasing Signals= Affiliative BehaviourNegative Arousal=Distance Increasing Signals= Agnostic BehaviourBoth occur on a scale
Parts of the Dog to Observe in Intra or Inter Specie Communication
General “Normal” General “Normal” Visual CommunicationVisual Communication
Breed dependant
Familiar/Obvious Familiar/Obvious “Positive Arousal” “Positive Arousal” Visual CommunicationVisual Communication
Positive Arousal •Demonstrate arousal with sensory responses •Switch off other sensory inputs•Over exaggerate clear positive body signals
Familiar/Familiar/Obvious“Negative Obvious“Negative Arousal” Visual Arousal” Visual CommunicationCommunicationNegative Arousal
Two types:
Flight based•Make themselves smaller•Withdraw/Submit (show they have no defences)•May change to fight based if pushed
““Negative Arousal” Negative Arousal” Visual CommunicationVisual Communication
Negative Arousal
Two types:
Fight based•Make themselves look bigger (sometimes lower)•Show defences•Prepared to protect/defend (resource related)
Auditory Communication Bark- an alert, most likely
an adapted behaviour. Easily socially learnt
Howl- attention seeking behaviour as both positive and negative arousal
Whine signal- stress Growl signal- play or fight
Chemical Communication
Release of Pheromone Release from pads, anal
glands and face Chemicals remain
longer than visual signals often given
at the same time.
Tactile Communication
Seen mostly as:Play
Affection or
Aggression
Social behavior
Play (Dog-dog , Dog-human) Empathy Personalities Leadership, dominance Scent Feral dogs
Play
Most dogs play…but most mammals only do this when
young.Through Domestication Dogs have
remained “neotenous”.We encourage them to remain juvenile.
Theories as to why dogs play
Helps with development of bone and muscle Teaches useful communication skills Teaches hunting skills (although not required in
domestication) Teaches co-operation between group members Teaches about surrounding environment Allows for trial and error learning Puppy enjoys doing it!…functional behaviour.
Reproduction behavior
Dogs reach sexual maturity and can reproduce during their first year, in contrast to wolves at two years-of-age. Bitches have their first estrus ("heat") at 6 to 12 months-of-age; smaller dogs tend to come into heat earlier whereas larger dogs take longer to mature.
Reproduction behavior
Dog bitches have an estrous cycle that is nonseasonal and monestrus, i.e. there is only one estrus per estrous cycle
The average duration of estrus is 9 days with spontaneous ovulation usually about 3 days after the onset of estrus.
Reproduction behavior
The male dog mounts the female and is able to achieve intromission, this is sometimes known as the “tie” or “copulatory lock”
Dogs are polygamous
Feeding behaviour
Thought to be born with chemical receptors developed to detect milk
No early recognition or interest in meat until 3 weeks
Start to ‘dabble’ in food. At 5 weeks eat ‘solid’ food.
Behaviour of the Bithch
Maternal Behaviour: Unsure as to whether mothering skills are learnt
or inherited Isolates for birth Can be protective of puppies Bitches can also kill unwell puppies (apparent to
bitch as don’t behave ‘normally’)-natural selection)
Licks puppies for elimination behaviour Bringing puppies back to the nest
Behaviour of the Dog
Paternal BehaviourIn domestic dogs the
sire has no role in the puppies development
In the wild they can act as educators from seven weeks
Affects of Puberty- Male(General) Increased hair growth Scent marking More prepared to protect territory (items of
value) Roaming Increased arousal (more excitable) More vocal Disobedient to previously taught cues More aloof/independent/curious
Affect of Puberty- Females(General) Signs of oestrous More protective More sensitive Interest in males (flirty) Scent marking More vocal Disobedient to previously taught cues More affectionate
Behaviours of the elderly dog
Behavioural changes will occur in the older dog due to:
Illness and Disease (causing pain and discomfort)
Hormone Production (and lack of) Altered Sensory Perceptions Inability to communicate effectively
Behaviours of the elderly dog
In the older dog: Reflexes are slower Memory loss occur (meaning rehearsal
of trained cues is required regularly) Can get confused and act senile Transmission of neurological messaging
slows from 200 mph to 50mph
Socialisation and the dog as a social being Between 3-twelve or thirteen weeks the
puppy is said to be in a ‘critical period’. During the time the puppy must be socialised with people and dogs so that s/he knows how to behave with them.
Effects of improper socialisation includes: nervousness or over excitable. (both over arousal)
Inter Specie sociability
Dogs are social animals But through domestication have
adapted to be sociable with other beings
Communication between species is different but someelements are the same (e.g affection and companionship)
Conclusion…Understanding the development of the dog and its
associated behaviours is important.We have huge responsibilities as a dog owner, in
initial and continual socialisation and training, and as a
potential dog trainer to know how behaviour and training can be effected by developmental stage.