Understading communication ppt1
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Transcript of Understading communication ppt1
Mira K DesaiAssociate Professor
University Department of Extension EducationS.N.D.T. Women’s University
Juhu Campus, Mumbai
Understanding Communication
Senses Used in Communication
Hearing Seeing Touching Tasting Smelling
SEEING
THINKING
UNDERSTANDINGWords have Meanings.
Meanings create world.
WATCHING LOOKING
Wonder is not that mankind comprehends
the world, but that the worldIs comprehensible.
Einstein
What is Communication?
Reality
Product
Facts, Opinions,
Emotions, Ideas…
Ideology Technology Process
Interaction Exchange
Communication is….. Sharing of facts, opinions, emotions, ideasInteraction and exchange with self and other or othersIt is ideology, technology and realityIt is a process as well as productIt is maintenance of reality and preservation of culture
Viewpoints to Communication
Rhetorical: is Practical art of discourse.Semiotic: is the mediation by signs.Phenomenological: is the experience of dialogue with others.Cybernetic: is the flow of information.Socio-psychological: is interaction of individuals.Socio-cultural: is the production and reproduction of the social order.Critical: is the process in which all assumptions can be challenged.
Scope of Communication
SOCIETY- Mass MASS- Many Groups
Institutional/OrganisationalGROUP- With a group of peopleINTRA GROUP- Within a group
INTER- Between two peopleINTRA- Self as communicator
Society
Nation
Culture
Environment
Community
Organisation
Family
Group
INDIVIDUAL
Communication ProcessesAnd Systems
Scope of CommunicationCommunication is not only about oneselfIt is about two people- InterpersonalThere is group communication where number of people interactMass is number of groups.Communication system and processes are as much about self as about society and culture.
Elements of Communication
= Noise
SENDER RECEIVERMESSAGECHANNEL
FEEDBACK
Context
Types of Communication
Intra-personal (self)Inter-personal (other)
Group (others)Mass (many groups)
Personal-InformalPublic-Formal
VocalNon-vocal
WrittenOral
DirectMediated
On-line
Off-line
Audio-visual AudioVisual
One-wayTwo-way
ParticipatoryUpward
DownwardHorizontal Vertical
Functions of Communication
InformationInstructionEntertainmentPersuasionDebate and discussionCultural promotionIntegration
CommunicationTransmission View
Communication links the ways messages are transmitted and received via technology with the composition of these messages (or more broadly, as communicative relationships), and with the analysis of the effects of these communicative acts.
Ritual viewCommunication is a
central daily ritual that helps form and sustain communities.
Transmisional View
Transmission ModelThe first major model for communication came in 1949 by Claude Elwood Shannon and Warren Weaver for Bell Laboratories.
Since they were engineers, their focus was on mechanical transmission. For the telephone the channel is a wire, the signal is an electrical current in it, and the transmitter and receiver are the telephone handsets. Noise would include crackling from the wire.
Ritualistic View
SENDER
(Artist)RECEIVER(viewer)
MEANING
Ascribed---------------------------Negotiated
Communication as Culture
James Carey in 1975 stated that communication is a symbolic process by which reality is produced, maintained, repaired, and transformed.We produce reality by symbolic work and then continue to further this reality through processes of breaking and rebuilding.
Approaches to Communication
TRANSMISSION‘imparting,’ ‘sending,’ ‘transmitting,’ or ‘getting information to others”
‘not toward the extension of messages in space’
‘not the act of imparting information’
RITUAL’sharing’, ‘participation’, ‘association’, ‘fellowship’, and ‘the possession of a common faith’‘toward the maintenance of society in time’‘the representation of shared beliefs’
Transmission vesus Ritual
TRANSMISSIONTransportationSender & ReceiverSent & Received
Receiver ‘gets it’Accuracy of transmissionInfluence across space
RITUALCeremonyParticipantsCreated and
RecreatedShared experience
Sense of communityCommunity across time
Metaphor- Role of participants- Role of meaning- Success criterion- Basic function
Associated ScholarsTRANSMISSIONAristotleShannon and WeaverDavid BerloWilbur SchrammBarnlundMarshal McLuhan
RITUALJohn DeweyHarold InnisJames W. CarreyIen AngJohn Fiske
OTHER Scholars: Robert T. Craig, Jürgen Habermas , Jacques Derrida, Theodor W. Adorno, Walter Lippman….many more.
SELF & OTHER in Interpersonal Communication
Effective Self Communication
Effective FeedbackFocus on specific behavioursKeep it impersonalKeep it goal orientedMake it well timedEnsure understandingGive it direct towards behaviour that is controllable by the recipient
Process of ‘Listening’ HearingFocusing on the messageComprehending-Understanding-InterpretingAnalysing and EvaluatingResponding and NOT ReactingRemembering….remembering….remembering
ConclusionWe now know that communication is process as well as product.Communication is about individual self as well as society at large.Transmission school focus on transfer of information and accuracy of it.Ritual school focus on cultural and sociological processes with communication.
Some References:http://www3.niu.edu/acad/gunkel/coms465/carey.htmlhttp://voxygen.net/classes/contemporary-public-address/james-carey-communication-as-culture/http://counselme.truepath.com/Communic.htm