Underground Gravity Sewers Specification CVS02700

COMPLETE REVISIONAugust 2000

Process Industry PracticesCivil

PIP CVS02700Underground Gravity Sewers Specification

PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES

In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice hasbeen prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of majorindustrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing thesetechnical requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, andengineering costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. Whilethis Practice is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users,individual applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and takeprecedence over this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose andparticular matters or application of the Practice to particular project or engineeringsituations should not be made solely on information contained in these materials. Theuse of trade names from time to time should not be viewed as an expression ofpreference but rather recognized as normal usage in the trade. Other brands having thesame specifications are equally correct and may be substituted for those named. AllPractices or guidelines are intended to be consistent with applicable laws andregulations including OSHA requirements. To the extent these Practices or guidelinesshould conflict with OSHA or other applicable laws or regulations, such laws orregulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate professional before applying oracting on any material contained in or suggested by the Practice.

This Practice is subject to revision at any time by the responsible Function Teamand will be reviewed every 5 years. This Practice will be revised, reaffirmed, orwithdrawn. Information on whether this Practice has been revised may be found athttp://www.pipdocs.org.

© Process Industry Practices (PIP), Construction Industry Institute, TheUniversity of Texas at Austin, 3208 Red River Street, Suite 300, Austin,Texas 78705. PIP member companies and subscribers may copy this Practicefor their internal use.

PRINTING HISTORY

April 1995 IssuedAugust 2000 Complete Revision

Not printed with State funds

COMPLETE REVISIONAugust 2000

Process Industry Practices Page 1 of 10

Process Industry PracticesCivil

PIP CVS02700Underground Gravity Sewers Specification

Table of Contents

1. Introduction..................................21.1 Purpose ............................................. 21.2 Scope................................................. 2

2. References ...................................22.1 Process Industry Practices ................ 22.2 Industry Codes and Standards .......... 22.3 Government Regulations ................... 3

3. Definitions ....................................4

4. General .........................................44.1 Quality Control ................................... 44.2 Submittals .......................................... 44.3 Safety................................................. 54.4 Environmental.................................... 5

5. Materials .......................................55.1 Pipe and Joints .................................. 55.2 Manholes, Inlet Structures, Frames,

and Covers ........................................ 75.3 Cast-in-Place Concrete...................... 7

6. Execution ..................................... 76.1 Receiving and Handling..................... 76.2 Trench Excavation............................. 76.3 Dewatering......................................... 86.4 Bedding.............................................. 96.5 Pipe Laying and Jointing.................... 96.6 Backfilling......................................... 106.7 Testing ............................................. 10

PIP CVS02700 COMPLETE REVISIONUnderground Gravity Sewers Specification August 2000

Page 2 of 10 Process Industry Practices

1. Introduction

1.1 Purpose

The purpose of this Practice is to provide Contractor with underground gravity sewerrequirements. This document is a complete revision of PIP CVS02700 and, therefore,revision markings are not provided.

1.2 Scope

This specification establishes material, installation, and testing requirements forunderground gravity sewers. Included are pipe, inlet structures, manholes, andappurtenances for sanitary, storm, and industrial process sewers. Double-containedand emission-controlled industrial process sewers in environmental applications arenot considered.

Any conflicts or inconsistencies between this specification, the shop drawings,Contract Documents, or regulatory requirements shall be brought to the attention ofOwner for resolution.

2. References

Applicable requirements in the following PIP Practices, codes and standards, andgovernment regulations shall be considered an integral part of this Practice. The edition ineffect on the date of contract award shall be used, except as otherwise noted. Short titles willbe used herein when appropriate.

2.1 Process Industry Practices (PIP)

– PIP CVC01015 - Civil Design Criteria

– PIP CVS02100 - Site Preparation Specification

– PIP CVS02315 - Excavation and Backfill Specification

– PIP CVI02720 - Sewer Details

– PIP STS03001 - Plain and Reinforced Concrete Specification

2.2 Industry Codes and Standards

• American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)

– ASTM A74 - Standard Specification for Cast Iron Soil Pipe and Fittings

– ASTM C14 - Standard Specification for Concrete Sewer, Storm Drain, andCulvert Pipe

– ASTM C76 - Standard Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, StormDrain, and Sewer Pipe

– ASTM C425 - Standard Specification for Compression Joints for VitrifiedClay Pipe and Fittings

– ASTM C443 - Standard Specification for Joints for Circular Concrete Sewerand Culvert Pipe, Using Rubber Gaskets

COMPLETE REVISION PIP CVS02700August 2000 Underground Gravity Sewers Specification


– ASTM C478 - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced ConcreteManhole Sections

– ASTM C564 - Standard Specification for Rubber Gaskets for Cast Iron SoilPipe and Fittings

– ASTM C700 - Standard Specification for Vitrified Clay Pipe, Extra Strength,Standard Strength, and Perforated

– ASTM C789 - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete BoxSections for culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers

– ASTM C850 - Standard Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete BoxSections for Culverts, Storm Drains, and Sewers with Less than 2 ft of CoverSubjected to Highway Loadings

– ASTM C969 - Standard Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration AcceptanceTesting of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines

– ASTM D422 - Standard Test Method for Particle - Size Analysis of Soils

– ASTM D1248 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion Materials

– ASTM D1557 - Test Method for Laboratory Compaction of Soil Using

Modified Effort (56,000 ft–lbf/ft3(2,700kN–m/m3))

– ASTM D1785 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) PlasticPipe, Schedules 40, 80, and 120

– ASTM D2564 - Standard Specification for Solvent Cements for Poly(VinylChloride) (PVC) Plastic Piping Systems

– ASTM D2855 - Standard Practice for Making Solvent-Cemented Joints withPoly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe and Fittings

– ASTM D3212 - Standard Specification for Joints for Drain and Sewer PlasticPipes Using Flexible Elastomeric Seals

– ASTM D3350 - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Pipe andFittings Materials

• American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO)

– AASHTO M 36 - Interim Specification for Corrugated Steel Pipe, MetallicCoated for Sewers and Drains

2.3 Government Regulations

• U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA)

– Federal standards and instructions of the Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA), including any adaptations by state or local agencieshaving jurisdiction at the installation site.



3. Definitions

Contract Documents: Any and all documents, including design drawings, that Owner hastransmitted or otherwise communicated, either by incorporation or by reference, and madepart of the legal contract or purchase order agreement between Owner and Contractor.

Contractor: The party responsible for performing excavation, backfill, and pipe installation,including work executed through the use of sub-contractors.

Owner: The party who awards the Contract. Owner may be the owner or the owner’sauthorized agent.

4. General

4.1 Quality Control

4.1.1 Sewers covered by this specification shall be fabricated, installed, and testedin accordance with codes, standards, and procedures specified herein and allapplicable codes and regulations of the controlling federal, state, and localjurisdictions.

4.1.2 Owner has the right to inspect, at Owner’s expense, all materials andworkmanship, and shall have unrestricted entry to the fabrication shop at alltimes work is being performed. Owner can reject improper, inferior, ordefective materials and workmanship at any stage of production. Alldefective materials and workmanship shall be repaired or replaced at noadditional cost to Owner.

4.1.3 Owner inspection is not intended to replace the quality control proceduresand responsibility for compliance with all applicable specifications andrequirements of the material supplier, fabricator, and/or Contractor.

4.1.4 If at any time during installation and testing, weather or any other factorcauses the degradation of the pipe foundation, pipe and/or fitting installation,bedding, or backfill, all affected materials shall be removed and the workreinstalled per this specification or as directed by Owner.

4.2 Submittals

4.2.1 Two weeks before installation, Contractor shall submit fabrication drawingsand instructions for the installation of pipe and appurtenances furnishedunder this specification to Owner.

4.2.2 Two weeks before installation, Contractor shall submit certification that anOSHA-defined excavation-competent person (ECP) shall oversee allexcavation. All trench work requiring an ECP shall be submitted to Owner.

4.2.3 Two weeks before installation, the material supplier or Contractor (or both)shall submit certification in writing to Owner that the materials to be usedunder the contract satisfy all the requirements of the project.



4.2.4 Within 4 weeks after installation, Contractor shall submit as-builtdocumentation showing location, line, and grade of newly installed sewersystems.

4.3 Safety

4.3.1 Field construction activities on Owner’s property shall conform to Owner’ssafety requirements, including any special rules that may be in effect at aspecific site.

4.3.2 Good housekeeping practices shall be maintained in and around the worksite throughout the duration of the work.

4.3.3 Hazardous and hot work permits for chemical exposure, open flames, spark-producing mechanical equipment, potential explosive mixtures, and anyother hazardous conditions are required in areas specified by Owner.

4.3.4 All excavation and trenching shall be in accordance with OSHA Standardsand Owner’s local requirements and guidelines (as applicable) for thefollowing:

• Shoring, bracing, and/or sloping wall construction

• Marking and flagging open excavations

• Permitting and confined space entry requirements

4.4 Environmental

4.4.1 All sewer outfalls are required to be permitted by applicable regulations.Contractor shall verify with Owner that the applicable permit will allowintermittent non-storm flows into storm sewers before discharging any liquidinto drains, catch basins, or manholes in connection with trench dewateringactivities, testing, or other activities where liquids need to be disposed.

4.4.2 Excavated material shall be managed in accordance with the soilmanagement plan. The soil management plan will be provided by Owner aspart of these Contract Documents or shall be developed by Contractor andaccepted by Owner before the start of excavation activities.

5. Materials

5.1 Pipe and Joints

Specifications for materials other than those listed below (such as welded, coated,and wrapped carbon steel) to satisfy some service or temperature requirements shallbe as specified in the Contract Documents.

5.1.1 Concrete Pipe / Reinforced Concrete Pipe (CP/RCP)

a. Concrete sewer pipe 10 inches (250 mm) and smaller shall be inaccordance with ASTM C14 (class as specified in Contract Documents)non-reinforced, bell and spigot, or tongue and groove sewer pipe.



b. Concrete sewer pipe 12 inches (300 mm) and larger shall be inaccordance with ASTM C76, reinforced sewer pipe (class and wall asspecified in Contract Documents).

c. Joints shall be sealed using elastomeric “O” rings in accordance withASTM C443 unless otherwise noted in Contract Documents.

d. Joints may be sealed with cement grout if the service is for storm sewerlines of 24inches in diameter and larger.

5.1.2 Corrugated Steel Pipe (CSP)

a. Corrugated steel pipe (CSP) shall be metallic coated (galvanized), pipein accordance with AASHTO M 36 (sheet metal thickness andcorrugation size as specified in Contract Documents).

b. Pipe shall be connected with locking corrugated coupling bands of thedesign indicated in AASHTO M 36, “Coupling Bands” section.Connecting bands shall be coated in accordance with the pipe coatingrequirements.

5.1.3 Vitrified Clay Pipe (VCP)

a. VCP shall be used only to the extent required to tie into existing VCPsystems. Alternative materials should be selected for new pipinginstallations.

b. VCP shall be extra strength in accordance with ASTM C700.

c. Joints shall be compression type in accordance with ASTM C425,unless otherwise specified in Contract Documents.

5.1.4 Polyvinyl Chloride Plastic (PVC) Pipe

a. PVC pipe 12 inches (300 mm) or less in diameter shall be minimumschedule 40 pipe in accordance with ASTM D1785.

b. Joints shall be solvent cemented in accordance with ASTM D2855(cement per ASTM D2564) or shall have elastomeric ring gaskets inaccordance with ASTM D3212.

5.1.5 Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP)

a. CISP and fittings shall be hub and plain end coated service weight inaccordance with ASTM A74.

b. Joints shall be neoprene sleeve gaskets, push-on type in accordancewith ASTM C564.

5.1.6 High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipe

a. HDPE and fittings shall be manufactured from virgin high-densitypolyethylene resin, in accordance with ASTM D3350, Cell ClassPE345434C minimum, with a standard dimension ratio (SDR) asspecified in Contract Documents.

b. Joints shall be butt fusion welded, socket fusion welded, or flanged.



5.1.7 Reinforced Concrete Box Sections (RCB)

a. RCB sections with less than 2 feet of cover and subject to highway-typeloading shall be in accordance with ASTM C850; all others shall be inaccordance with ASTM C789 unless otherwise specified in ContractDocuments.

b. Use the appropriate table of section requirements from the listed ASTMstandard for the design loading specified in Contract Documents.

c. Joints shall be pre-formed plastic gasket-type joint sealant, unlessspecified otherwise in Contract Documents.

5.2 Manholes, Inlet Structures, Frames, and Covers

5.2.1 Manholes and inlet structures (catch basins) shall be precast (monolithic)with integral bottom.

5.2.2 Precast concrete manholes shall conform to ASTM C478.

5.2.3 HDPE plate used for manholes and inlet structures shall be manufacturedfrom virgin high-density polyethylene resin in accordance withASTM D1248-IIIC5-P34, pipe grade resin. Pipe components used formanholes and inlet structures shall be as specified in Section 5.1.6.

5.2.4 Site-built concrete manholes shall be in accordance with the ContractDocuments.

5.3 Cast-in-Place Concrete

5.3.1 Cast-in-place concrete used for sewers shall be constructed in accordancewith PIP STS03001.

6. Execution

6.1 Receiving and Handling

6.1.1 Care shall be taken during handling and storage so as not to damage or tocause stresses or deformation in pipe materials.

6.1.2 Contractor shall inspect pipe materials before installation. Any damagedmaterials not acceptable to Owner shall be rejected and replaced at no cost toOwner.

6.2 Trench Excavation

6.2.1 All excavation and trenching shall be made in accordance withPIP CVS02315, OSHA Standards, and Owner’s local requirements andguidelines (as applicable) for the following:

• Shoring, bracing, and/or sloping wall construction

• Marking and flagging open excavations

• Permitting and confined space entry requirements



• Use of excavation competent person (ECP)

• Handling and storage of excavated materials

6.2.2 Proper care and protection shall be provided to prevent damage to allexisting facilities (e.g., foundations, services, pipelines, etc.) on, above, orbelow the surface of the area where excavation and backfill operations are tobe performed. Underground obstructions (e.g., piping, foundations,structures, etc.) shall not be removed or altered without Owner’s approval.

6.2.3 Trench depth should be based on the specified invert of the pipe plus thebedding requirements as specified herein and in the Contract Documents.Trench width shall be as narrow as possible while still permitting properaccess for bedding and assembly of the pipe. Where practical, maximumtrench width from bottom of the trench to 12 inches (300 mm) above thepipe shall be 4/3 the nominal diameter of the pipe plus 8 inches (200 mm).

6.2.4 Where rock or other unyielding material is encountered, the bottom of thetrench shall be over-excavated 1/6 of the pipe diameter but in no case lessthan 4 inches (100 mm).

6.2.5 Where unacceptable soil is encountered, as determined by Owner, such soilsshall be removed. The resulting over-excavation shall be backfilled withsuitable material to the specified grade. (See bedding requirements specifiedherein.)

6.2.6 The bottoms of trenches or bedding material (as applicable) shall be firm andgraded to provide uniform bearing of the pipe. Where pipe joint diameterexceeds pipe outside diameter (e.g., bell and spigot piping), bell holes shallbe manually excavated after the trench bottom has been graded.

6.2.7 Trenches shall be kept as dry as possible during bedding, laying, and joiningof the pipe.

6.2.8 Erosion control measures shall be incorporated as required by applicableregulations and Owner’s requirements.

6.3 Dewatering

6.3.1 Contractor shall provide, install, and maintain equipment such as pumps,sumps, suction and discharge lines, and all other dewatering systemcomponents necessary to collect and discharge water away from excavations.Contractor shall dispose of all water encountered in such a manner thatproperty will not be damaged and no nuisance or health menace will result.When required by Owner, Contractor shall provide a means of desilting thewater before disposal.

6.3.2 At any time, the length of open trench shall be limited to that which can bedewatered with methods and equipment available.

6.3.3 Dewatering methods shall be used to minimize softening of the soilsupporting the pipe and changes in soil characteristics detrimental tosubgrade stability.



6.3.4 Water shall not be allowed to accumulate in excavations. Subsurface waterflowing into excavations shall be removed by pumping or by gravitydrainage where possible.

6.3.5 Surface water shall be diverted away from the work area as directed byOwner.

6.3.6 The trench shall not be used as a temporary drainage ditch.

6.4 Bedding

6.4.1 Bedding material shall be granular, well graded, with all material passing 1/2inch (12.5 mm) sieve, and at least 90 percent retained on No. 200(75 microns) sieve as determined in accordance with ASTM D422.

6.4.2 Bedding material shall be placed under and equally along both sides of thepipe in uniform layers not exceeding 6 inches (150 mm) loose depth to aheight of the centerline of the pipe and compacted by hand, pneumatictamper, or other Owner-approved means.

6.4.3 Bedding material shall be compacted to a density approximately that of theundisturbed site soil materials or as specified on drawings. When compacted,the pipe bed shall provide uniform bearing for the bottom of the pipe (seetrenching requirements specified herein).

6.5 Pipe Laying and Jointing

6.5.1 Pipe shall be laid beginning at the lowest point in trenches. Pipes with spigotor tongue ends shall be laid with spigot ends pointing in the direction offlow. Other pipe types shall be laid in accordance with manufacturer’srecommendations or instructions. Pipe shall be laid true to line and gradeand kept clean and sound.

6.5.2 Pipe laying and joining shall be carried out in a dry trench.

6.5.3 Each length of pipe shall be inspected for loose gaskets, cracks, and otherdefects before installation. After inspection, each acceptable length of pipeshall be carefully placed to the line and grade specified and nested in thebedding in such a manner as to provide uniform support throughout its entirelength.

6.5.4 When pipe laying is suspended, the ends of the pipe shall be kept closed andsealed to keep out soil and foreign materials.

6.5.5 After the joints have been made, the pipe shall not be disturbed in anymanner.

6.5.6 Manholes, catch basins, dry boxes, etc., shall be constructed in accordancewith PIP CVI02720.

6.5.7 Bell and spigot joints shall be clean and dry. A lubricant recommended bythe pipe manufacturer shall be applied to the joint materials. The spigot shallhave full bell penetration.



6.6 Backfilling

6.6.1 Backfill and compaction shall be in accordance with PIP CVS02315 and asspecified herein.

6.6.2 The trench shall be backfilled and compacted to a density equal to thatspecified on the drawings or equal to that of the adjacent in situ material.

6.6.3 As soon as possible after pipe joints are made, backfill material shall beplaced with care along the sides of the pipe to prevent movement of the lineor grade.

6.6.4 Joints shall be left exposed until completion of leak testing.

6.6.5 Backfilling of trenches shall be completed immediately after testing.

6.6.6 Backfilling shall be compacted in a manner that avoids displacement ordamage to the pipe.

6.6.7 No construction machinery or vehicles shall be allowed to pass over thetrench until the trench is backfilled and compacted sufficiently to preventdamage to the pipe.

6.7 Testing

6.7.1 Exfiltration shall be measured at a manhole. The section of pipe to be testedshall be plugged at the downstream end of pipe (e.g., as at a manhole). Thelaterals in the section being tested shall be plugged with removable stoppers.

6.7.2 Exfiltration tests shall be conducted by filling sections of pipe, 400 feet(122 m) maximum length at a time, with water to the top of the manhole butnot less than 5 feet (1.5 m) above the top of the pipe. If required, a standpipeshall be used to bring the water level to 5 feet (1.5 m) above the top of thepipe. Let water stand 4 hours. Refill manhole and measure the drop after 1hour. Maximum exfiltration shall be as follows:

Process sewers - no measurable amount

Sanitary sewers - 0.0008 gallons/inch diameter/feet/hr(0.00039 liters/mm diameter/m/hr)

6.7.3 Exfiltration testing of storm sewers shall be done in accordance withASTM C969.

Underground Gravity Sewers Specification CVS02700

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Transcript of Underground Gravity Sewers Specification CVS02700