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AD-A36801 OGAM (O TC ANALSIS MODEL) VOLME 2 USERS MANUAL (SPARTA INC HANTSVILE AL AUG 82 i USAMICOM-DA-SR-D-82-2-VOL 2 DAAHO1-82-P 0886 UNCSSIFIED F/G 9/2 NL Immlllllllll EIIIIIIIIIIIII EIIIIEEEIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIl
Transcript of UNCSSIFIED NL EIIIIIIIIIIIII EIIIIEEEIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIII ... · The Logistic Analysis Model LOGAM...
AD-A36801 OGAM (O TC ANALSIS MODEL) VOLME 2 USERS MANUAL(SPARTA INC HANTSVILE AL AUG 82 i
USAMICOM-DA-SR-D-82-2-VOL 2 DAAHO1-82-P 0886UNCSSIFIED F/G 9/2 NLImmlllllllllEIIIIIIIIIIIIIEIIIIEEEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIl
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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHARTNATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS-1963 A
I . .4
Special Report D-82-2
LOGAMUSERS MANUAL
00 VOLUME HI
Systems Analysis DivisionSystems Analysis and Evaluation OfficeUS Army Missile CommandRedstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898
August 1982
IV edt~ue Ara4&ena, Alabatrm 35S94
9, Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited
DTICSELECTEJAN 13 1984
84 O 202M FOR01M I NO-lEIU DTO MYWUE 1 1 8
DISPOSITION INSTRUCTIONS
Destroy this report when it is no longer needed. Do notreturn it to the originator.
DISCLAIMER
The findings in this report are not to be construed as anofficial Department of the Amy position unless so designatedby other authorized documents.
TRADE NAMES
Use of trade names or manufacturers in this report does notconstitute an official endorsement or approval of the useof such commercial hardware or software.
!
*
(
Special Report D-82-2
AOcession For
NTIS GRA&I DTIC TABUnannounced ElJustification
By.
Dis tribution/
Avai!ability CodesAvail and/or
D i s t S p c i a-
LOGAN
USERS MANUAL
VOLUME II
August 1982
Systems Analysis DivisionSystems Analysis and Evaluation OfficeUS Army Missile CommandRedstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898
I DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A
Approved fox public release;
Distribution Unlimited
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FORWARD
The Logistic Analysis Model LOGAM Users Manual Volume II waswritten under Contract DAAHO1-82-P-0886. The work was performed withthe US Army Missile Command under the general technical cognizance ofMr. Raymon S. Dotson, Systems Analysis Division, Systems Analysis andEvaluation Office, US Army Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama.The program also produced two companion documents entitled ExecutiveSummary Volume I and Technical/Programmer Manual Volume II].
. I.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Men' Data EnleRe_
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE COMPLE'fNORnM. RPOR NUNE L G ACCESSION No S- RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
7' SR D-82-24. TITLE (andSubtitlo) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVENED
LOGAN Users Manual, Volume II Final Report6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER
7. AUTHOR(a) 6. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER-)
DAAH01-82-P-0886
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Commander August 1982US Army Missile Command 1. NUMBER OF PAGES
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17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, It different from Report)
IS. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
IS. KEY WORDS (Continue an reverse aide It necessary and ldeIntl by block number)
Logistics Maintenance Systems AnalysisCost Analysis Test Equipment Availability4 Operational Support Cost ManpowerSupply Maintenance Policy EvaluationProvisioning Design-Logistics Interface
I&S AMISTRACT C m M - M N aMOW da1ti by block me)
This manual describes the Logistic Analysis Model (LOGAM) and its use forevaluating logistic operations as applied to US Army materiel systems. Theobjective is to develop methodology for generating quantitative data foranalysis of activities necessary to equip, operate, maintain, and support amateriel system. LOGAM is a deterministic model, analytical in design througits sensitivity feature, and highly versatile in its ability to evaluate manyalternatives rapidly and inexpensively. Through the sensitivity median,
ABSTRACT (Continued):I) M73 m'ou, ,,,V,,,,maL.yT I UNCLASSIFIED
SECURITY CLASIIlCATtON OF THIS PAGE fig; -Date &weM
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UNCLASSIFIEDSECUImTY CLASSIPCATaMs OF THIS PAW9Mb JINM BMs
ABSTRACT-(Concluded)
support alternatives are tested for evaluating life cycle costs and forrecommending optimum repair levels; repair versus discard at failure;manpower, provisioning and test equipment requirements; table of organization %
and equipment adjustment or development; and other operational elements byquantities and costs.
A-MD.11 UNCLASSIFIEDSECURITYV CLASSIFICATION Of THIS PAGgE(ften Daia ESeM619
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................ 1
SECTION 2. LOGAN DESCRIPTION AND VERSATILITY ................... 3
2.1 Description of LOGAM Maintenance AnalysisPortion ....................................... 3
2.2 LOGAM Modeling Interface ....................... 92.3 LOGAN Maintenance Analysis Applications ........ 102.4 Logistics Cost Factors ........................ 122.5 Test Equipment and Manpower Modeling ........... 122.6 Modeling Assumptions ........................... 122.7 Modeling Limitations ........................... 14
SECTION 3. MAINTENANCE POLICY SELECTION ........................ 15
3.1 Policy "G" Factors ............................. 153.2 Maintenance Policy Example ................... 183.3 Repair Versus Discard and Optimum Repair
Level Analysis (ORLA) .......................... 193.4 Repair of LRUs and Models ...................... 20
SECTION 4. LOGAM MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS USE PREPARATION .......... 22
4.1 The LOGAM Maintenance Analysis Program ......... 224.2 Typical Procedural Steps ...................... 25
4.2.1 Data Gathering Worksheets ............... 264.3 Input Deck Structure ........................... 46
4.3.1 NAMELIST Data Organization .............. 484.3.2 Input Cards for Sensitivity Testing ..... 48
4.4 LOGAM Input Notes .............................. 484.4.1 Program Controls ........................ 484.4.2 Array Inputs ............................ 514.4.3 New Inputs..........................54
SECTION' 5. OPERATION AND SUPPORT (O&S) COSTS BASED ONTOE STRUCTURE ....................................... 55
5.1 Pay and Allowances for Military PersonnelGrades ......................................... 55
5.2 Crew Pay and Allowances (3.011) ................ 555.3 Maintenance Pay and Allowances (3.012) ......... 575.4 Indirect Pay and Allowances (3.013) ........... 745.5 Permanent Change of Station Cost (3.014)....... 74
. 5.6 POL Cost (3.022) .......................... 795.7 Unit Training, Ammunition and Missiles
(3.023) ................................... 75.8 Maintenance Civilian Labor Cost (3.051) ........ 805.9 Other Direct (3.052) ........................... 80
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) PAGE
5.10 Personnel Replacement (3.061) .................. 805.10.1 Crew and Other Overhead/Dedicated
Enlisted Personnel Replacement Costs- CCEPRC ............................... 81
5.10.2 Personnel Replacement Cost forOfficers/Warrant Officers-RCO .......... 81
5.11 Transients, Patients, Prisoners Costs -CTPP (3.062)..............................81
5.12 Quarters, Maintenance and Utilities -QMU (3.063) ...................... ............. 82
5.13 Medical Support Cost - SCM (3.064) ............. 825.14 Other Indirect Cost - OIC (3.065) .............. 825.15 Operational and Support Cost Summations ........ 825.16 The Post Processor ............................. 83
SECTION 6. SENSITIVITY TESTING ................................. 95
6.1 Sensitivity Input Array ........................ 956.1.1 First Element of the SENSY Array ........ 956.1.2 Second Element of the SENSY Array ....... 966.1.3 Third Element of the SENSY Array ........ 966.1.4 Designation of the Variables To
Be Tested ............................... 976.1.5 Designation of the New Values For
The Input ............................... 976.2 Example of NAMELIST Inputs for Typical
Sensitivity Run ................................ 996.3 Sensitivity Testing Specification .............. 100
6.3.1 Sensitivity Output ....................... 1006.4 The Versatility Provided by the Built-In
Sensitivity Test Feature ....................... 100
SECTION 7. PROGRAM OUTPUT AND RESULTS REPORTING ................ 103
7.1 Program Output ... ............................ 1037.1.1 LRU Printout ............................ 1037.1.2 Supplemental LRU Printout ............... 1037.1.3 Cost Totals Output Printout ............. 1037.1.4 System Maintenance Support Cost
Printout ................................ 1127.1.5 Individual Cost Categories From
LOGAM Added To PAM Break-Out ............ 1127.1.6 Summary LRU Cost Totals ................. 1127.1.7 GRAND TOTAL Printout .................... 112
7.2 Reporting the Results .......................... 1127.2.1 Baseline Support Cost Comparisons ....... 1127.2.2 Test Equipment Utilization and
Manpower Reporting ...................... 117'4 7.2.3 Sensitivity Results Reporting ........... 118
ill
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
7.2.3.1 Examples of the Influenceof Workload on Support Cost ..... 118
7.2.3.2 Present Value SensitivityEffects ......................... 121
APPENDIX A DEFINITION OF OUTPUT AND OTHER SYMBOLS USED ......... A-1APPENDIX B LOGA INPUT DEFINITIONS ............................. B-1APPENDIX C USING LOGAN (A SAMPLE PROBLEM) ...................... C-1APPENDIX D PROGRAM INPUT LISTING ............................... D-1
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LLIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 System Engineering Approach To Logistic 4Evaluation
2 BASIC LOGAM Maintenance Repair Flow Framework 5
3 Maintenance Policy Matrix 6
4 Overall LCC Support Cost Approach 8
5 Support and Test Equipment Interface with 11Overall Logistics Model Tradeoffs
6 Maintenance Policy Matrix 16
7 LOGAM Maintenance Policy GP 19
8 Input Deck Structure for Support Cost Analysis 47for Two Theater Scenario
9 Field Artillery Battalion, Pershing Organization 58b Based on MTOE 06615GE101, CCNUM E10174
10 Output Format For Individual LRU When Test 104Equipment and Manpower Tally Is Not Taken
11 Output Format for Individual LRU When Test 105Equipment and Manpower Tally Is Taken
11A Supplemental Output Page for Information 106Related To Policies GC, GI, GJ or GK
12 Output Format for Cost-Totals Summary 107
13 Individual LRU Summary Totals Printout 111
14 System Operations and Support Costs 113
15 The Total LOGAM Cost Minus PAM Cost 114
16 System Maintenance Support Costs 115
17 Example of Bar Graph Reporting 117
18 Effect of Maintenance Incidence Rate Variation 120
19 Effect of Simultaneous Variation of Maintenance 120h Incident Rate and Doubling the Number of7 iDeployed Systems.
- , v
LIST OF FIGURES ((;ont'd)
20 Effect of M MA Variation 121
21 Sensitivity Run Showing Present Value 122
Effects
C-1 Repai flow for USAREUR Deployment of Land C-2Combat Missile Systems.
C-2 Effect of Maintenance Incident Rate Variation C-27
C-3 Effect of MTBNA Variation C-28
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s1 I* S- ..
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Support Echelon 7
2 LOGAM Support Cost Matrix 13
3 LOGAM NAMELIST Input Work Sheet-1 27
4 LOGAM NAMELIST Input Work Sheet-2 28
5 Pay Allowances for Military Personnel 56(FY-79 Dollars)
6 Pershing MTOE Manpower Breakdown 62
7 Radio Sets (Pershing MTOE) 71
8 Trucks (Pershing MTOE) 71
9 Example of LOGAM input Array for Maintenance 72Manpower Costs When O&S Costs are Based onTOE Structure for Field Radios' 10 Example of LOGAM Input Array for Maintenance 73
Manpower Costs When O&S Costs are Based onTOE Structure for Trucks
11 LRU Data Forms No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 75
12 The Postprocessor Inputs 84
13 Limits on SENSY(2) 96
14 Sequential Listing of Inputs by SENSY 98
15 Sample of Sensitivity Work Sheet 101(Layout Array of SENSY)
16 Example of Data Table Reporting 116($ in Thousands)
17 Sample Test and Repair Channel Utilization 119and Manpower Requirements Data Table
C-1 Equipment Factors C-5
C-2 Weight and Cube Factors C-6
vii
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LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd)
Table Page
C-3 LRUJ Data Form No. 1 C-7
C-4 LRU Data Form No. 2 C-8
C-5 LRU Data Form No. 3 C-9
C-6 LRU Data Form No. 4 C-10
C-7 Inputs Related To Modification Workload - MWO C-12
C-8 Results Obtained for Final USAREUR Scenario LRU C-19
C-9 LOGAM Output Format Showing Example Problem C-20Results Obtained
C-10 Results Obtained for Final CONUS Scenario LRU C-21
C-11 LOGAM 1 Output Format Showing Printout for C-22Supplemental Information when Policies GC, GI,GJ or GK are Included
C-12 LOGAM 1 Printout Format for Case Cost Totals C-23Showing Results Obtained for USAREUR Scenario
C-13 LOGAM I Printout Format for Case Cost Totals C-25Page Showing Results Obtained for CONUSScenario
C-14 LOGAM 1 Printout Format for Grand Totals Page C-26Showing Summation of USAREUR plus CONUS CaseTotals
C-15 Selected Samples of LOGAM Printout Format for C-30Listing of Sequence of Input Data for ExampleProblem Entire Input Data Set
C-16 Operating and Support Cost Output Format C-33Summary Totals Page Showing Summation of USAREURplus CONUS Costs for Class 3 LRU No. 2
viii
SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Like its predecessor LOgistic Cost Analysis Model (LOCAM), theLOGistic Analysis Model TD"GAM) Frovides a unfque tool for theevaluation-of alternate support postures for Army equipment. Tradeoffsare made on the basis of cost and availability. Enhancements to LOGAMinclude the addition of four additional maintenance policies whichpermit LRU repair at the equipment level. LOGAM also provides theability to include operational costs for a particular theater ofoperations and these should be based on the TOE for the theater underconsideration. The operational cost definitions are based on DAPamphlet 11-4 "Operating and Support Cost Guide for Army MaterialSystems", April 1976.3'As with other tools of this type, the validityand usefulness of the analyses performed are to a great degree dependentof the skill of the analyst in its application.
The LOGAM program is specifically structured to perform logisticanalyses in maintenance support and operational situations for adiversity of operating equipments The manner in which maintenancesupport is handled in LOGAM ft ws a similar methodology to theprevious LOCAM 5 model. The techni ue for accommodating the operationalaspects is discussed in Appendix C.1
In using the program, the analyst may structure his input data as asequence of installed equipments (LRUs) which require support. Theprogram processes each LRU sequentially. Provision is made within theprogram to store cumulative demand for work at common test and repairfacilities over several different LRU's. The input process groups theLRU's which share such common facilities and when the last LRU in the
* group is reached, the costs for the support channels are computed basedon the total work load in the accumulators. The accumulators are thenreset and the next group of LRU's may be processed. An alternateapproach may be to process each LRU separately so that total supportcosts are obtained for each LRU on an individual basis. Finally inputs
* related to operational factors are added in an array format. Theseinputs relate to costs for operational personnel not involved inmaintenance, POL, operational training, crew costs, replacement costsfor crew and indirect personnel, quarters, medical support, etc.
Five types of support channels may be modeled, simultaneously andasynchronously, with respect to the input sequence of equipments. Inthe terminology of the program, these are as follows:
a) Automatic Test Equipment Support (Field or Depot).b) Special Depot Test Equipment.c) Calibration Sets in the Field.d) Contract Support Teams and Test Sets.e) Built in Test Equipment
1 ...I ',il . • -
'
Section 5.1 further explains these support channels and the varietyof costs included in the computations.
Section 4 describes the unique sensitivity testing feature of themodel whereby inputs can be varied through a range of values during anyset of computer runs.
The LOGAM Programmer/Technical Manual Vol. III is devoted todetailed descriptions of the technical aspects of the model. Theseinclude program structure, program flow, principal mathematicalformulations, program listing, and those aspects related to thepreparation of the input data base.
Symbols and input definitions are contained in Appendices A and B.An application of the model is discussed in Appendix C to acquaintpotential users with the operation of LOGAM. An explanation of thetheory and rationale associated with the application procedure is alsoincluded. Appendix C addresses the prediction of logistic support costsfor a land combat missile system. Although derived from a hypotheticaldata base, the deployment is representative of actual US Army missiledeployments overseas and continental United States scenarios.* Theexample includes the use of special features describing realistic Armymaintenance rules. Thus potential users, after compilation of the LOGAMprogram on their computer, can follow the procedure outlined in thismanual as the initial step in becoming proficient in the use andoperation of the program.
*NOTE: When operational costs are also computed, the model isrestricted to a single theater of operations. Multiple theaters can beaccommodated by successive computer runs.
2
SECTION 2
LOGAM DESCRIPTION AND VERSATILITY
LOGAM is a computerized mathematical model for evaluating lifecycle costs (LCC) and for recommending optimum repair levels, repairversus discard-at-failure, test equipment requirements, and spareprovisioning, etc.
As shown in Figure 1, applications of LOGAM involve a systemsengineering approach to the evaluation of alternative logistics posturessuch that the repair of modules/subassemblies of LRUs is facilitated toreduce LCC.
However, when operating and support life cycle costs are thedesired output, the evaluation is restricted to a specific TOE andspecific maintenance concept for each item of equipment. This lattermaintenance concept may be as defined in the Logistics Support AnalysisRecord (LSAR).
2.1 Description of LOGAM Maintenance Analysis Portion
LOGAM can be used for the purpose of evaluating alternatemaintenance postures on the basis of LCC. Although organizational andmaintenance (O&M) phase and costs are emphasized, LOGAM also accountsfor equipment nonrecurring development costs, the investment in testequipment, facilities, spares, end item equipments replacementsubassemblies and parts, as well as the on-guing costs of manpower,attrition, transportation and handling, and administration of thesupport system.
Previous versions of the Logistics Analysis models have found use,not only within the US Army, but are included in the model repetoire ofthe US Navy (NADC) and the US Air Force (AFLC).
The maintenance analysis portion of LOGAM is driven by thoseaspects of the equipment characteristics that create flow through thesupport system such as maintenance incident rate, inverse of mean timebetween maintenance actions (MTBMA), the fraction of time the system is"on", scrap rate, the false failure of true failure ratio, andattrition. As indicated in Figure 2, this driving force creates demandson the support system, determined in part by the maintainabilitycharacteristics as they affect and are affected by test equipment, levelof training (and hence manpower costs), and time to repair. The spares(quantity and location) which reflect the effect of the length of thepipe, mission duration, level of repair, and the deployment offacilities are also affected.
The end result is a means of rapidly examining the effects of manybasic ways of supporting the end item equipment with variation in stocklocations as well, as indicated in Figure 3. In Figure 3 an X indicatedthat some action occurs as described in the comments around theperimeter of the matrix. Thus, test equipment will be located atEquipment, at Direct Support and at Depot for the maintenance policy
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designated by GH. The test equipment can isolate faults to the level ofthe failed UNIT/LRU and (at Depot) to the failed MODULE. Additionally,the spare IJNITS/LRUs may be located at any of four areas indicated inFigure 3.
Because LOGAM has been developed principally for Army use, Figure 3uses Army terminology. The support echelons, however, could just aswell be representative of an Air Force or Navy hierarchy. In Air Forceterms, Direct Support would be Organizational or Base Support, GeneralSupport would represent the Air Force Intermediate Level Shops, andDepot would be an Air Logistic Center (ALC). In Naval terminology,Equipment Level would be shipboard which might also containOrganizational Support. Intermediate Support would be supplied byTender and Depot would represent Shipyard (Table 1). Other inputs couldbe judiciously selected such that the LOGAM model could apply as well tologistic or LCC studies of the other services.
TABLE 1. SUPPORT ECHELON
LOGAM ARMY AIR FORCE NAVY
EQUIPMENT (E) ORGANIZATION EQUIPMENT EQUIPMENTFIELD ( I DIRECT BASE SUPPORT SHIPINTERMEDIATE (I) GENERAL INTERMEDIATE LEVEL TENDER
SHOPSDEPOT ID) DEPOT AIR MATERIAL AREA SHIPYARD
The yardsticks created by LOGAM maintenance calculations are thesupport costs (investment plus on-going costs for the specified life ofthe equipment) and inherent availability of each LRU.
The overall approach to a typical LCC support cost effort ispresented in Figure 4. First the LCC plan is updated to assurecompatibility of Army goals and approaches with the programrequirements. This effort is accomplished in conjunction withestablishment of interfaces with all sources of information pertinent tothe LCC analyses. Through interaction with Army organizations,contractor activities and consultants, the LCC activity identifiesspecific requirements for analyses to be performed, those cost elementsmost pertinent to individual subsystems/analyses, and the nature ofavailable/required inputs and required outputs forms. As theserequirements take shape, the LOGAM model is adapted to fit the plannedanalyses. All cost analyses are subject to an iterative process wherebyanalysis requirements and cost factors are combined. Results ofanalyses are primarily system effectiveness, Integrated LogisticsSupport (ILS) planning, and trade-off activities. LCC reports consist
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of cost estimates, sensitivity analyses, description of costmethodology, and supporting factors/cost estimating relationships.
In performance of a baseline analysis, data are generated whichshow LCC and the allocation of these costs by phase, equipment, andeffort. In addition, sensitivity analyses show the effect on LCC ofvarying selected equipment design, operation and support factors. Theseanalyses support design activity decisions and amplify the impact ofdetermined system characterisitcs. Typical candidates for costsensitivity analysis include equipment MTBMA, production equipmentcosts, equipment utilization, equipment life, and deployment length.
Prior to the first iteration and between subsequent iterations, theLCC support cost effort is generally engaged in performing tradeoffs ofthe cost of competing equipment and/or concepts. Minimally thistradeoff activity is envisioned as aiding in the followingdeterminations:
a) The desired degree of standardization.
b) Optimum maintenance manning.
c) Desirability of individual or shared test equipment.
d) Method of maintaining; i.e., level of repair, amount of testequipment justifiable, sparing and provisioning by quantity,and location.
Tradeoffs can be made by changing equipment or concept model inputvalues to reflect the characteristics of the alternative equipments orconcepts. Comparison with the baseline results then yields data tojustify one approach versus another. These data can be supplied to thecognizant group seeking such justification.
The LOGAM model can be run on any medium or large scale computerwith FORTRAN IV capability and sufficient wordlength and memory.Various computation facilities utilized in the past for previousversions of the model have included the following:
a) IBM 7090.* b) IBM 7094.
c) IBM 360.d) RCA SPECTRA 7045 (UNIVAC).e) CDC 6600.
, f) PRIME.
2.2 LOGAM Modeling Interface
The data base for the maintenance analysis portion of LOGAM shouldinclude the following:
a) Delineation of equipment factors.
b) Data generated as the result of operations and equipmentanalysis.
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The synthesis of viable support systems is dependent upon theresults of these activities. Alternate support systems which meet theworkload demand and consider the application of inventory standard testequipments and general purpose ATE or special support equipment withvarying degrees of automation can be considered as tradeoff factors.
Figure 5 illustrates the overall framework within which the supportand test equipment tradeoffs can be conducted. As illustrated,application of the LOGAM model to the support or test equipmentdefinition requires consideration of significant factors to be tradedoff and in specifying meaningful quantitative data as inputs to themathematical model. These data are generally based on a review of theoperational concept, followed by a period of data collection fromvarious sources and data consolidation for use in the analysis.
2.3 LOGAM Maintenance Analysis Applications
LOGAM maintenance analysis can be applied to nearly any equipmentat any stage of its life and yield worthwhile benefits. It enables theuser to make decisions based on results of the manipulation of manyfactors. However, the model is particularly useful early in the life ofthe system. When it is used in the concept phase or early in systemdesign, LOGAM may affect decisions that influence the design ofequipment such that optimum support may be realized when the equipmentis fielded.
For example, LOGAM provides data and support analyses leading tobetter decisions in such areas as:
a) What spares should be stocked and where located?
b) How much reliability and maintainability should bedesigned into the equipment?
c) Should design be based on repair of throwaway and atwhat level?
d) How many test and repair men are needed at Organization,Direct Support, General Support, and Depot?
Such questions are examined in view of the cost to design, produce, andmaintain the equipment.
LOGAM is a flexible and versatile program used to address a varietyof questions. In addition to those decision areas mentioned previously,it has been used as follows:
a) To choose from a wide variety of support possibilities.Should the unit be throwaway or repairable? To whatlevel should it be repairable?
b) To study effects of pipeline lengths and transportationcosts. Is it possible that faster, more expensive transport (is better in the long run than slower, cheaper means?
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c) To evaluate administrative and clerical costs of thesupport and replenishment system.
d) To study manpower costs. Can manpower costs be reduced (byintroducing new equipment or techniques) sufficiently thatoverall costs are also reduced? At what point in time is theinvestment "paid back" by reduced manpower costs.
The preceding list is not an all inclusive one; however, it serves to
indicate the versatility of the model.
2.4 Logistic Cost Factors
LOGAM support analysis considers the costs associated with fourphases of the life of an equipment or system: development, production,operation, and end-of-program salvage. Salvage is an event rather thana life cycle time period.
LOGAM analysis generates a total LCC for each alternative supportpolicy considered. The summary cost matrix is shown in Table 2. Themnemonics in Table 2 are the names given to the cost factors in theprogram; they are meaningful to indicate the cost element and programphase combinations for which costs are computed. Table 2 indicates thewide range of cost areas which may be considered in a LOGAM run.
2.5 Test Equipment and Manpower Modeling
In LOGAM, five types of test equipment and associated manpower canbe modeled. Two types are used to represent Field or Depot servicechannels. By suitable selection of program controls (Appendix B) themaintenance manpower at these service channels can either be shared ordedicated. Type I test equipment is generally used to represent Fieldor Depot ATE. Type II generally represents Depot manual test equipment.Type I can always be Field located. By a suitable setting of a programcontrol, either Type I or II will be Depot located (they cannot beconcurrently modeled at Depot). The other three types of test equipmentwere originally included to represent:
a) Contact support sets and teams.b) Calibration equipment sets and teams.c) Built in Test Equipment (BITE)
2.6 Modeling Assumptions
As previously noted, the Maintenance Analysis Section LOGAM islogistic support oriented and takes a detailed look at the maintenanceaspects of cost after the equipment becomes operational. Acquisitioncosts including development, production costs per item of equipment andnonrecurring production costs are accounted as model inputs.
LOGAM assumes a homogenous deployment of the support and supplyechelons. This implies that the maintenance hierarchy is such that theworkload arriving at a maintenance level (Organization, Direct Support,General Support, or Depot) is equally distributed between maintenance
12
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facilities deployed at a particular echelon. Supply is equallydistributed to the number of supply points located at each echelon.
LOGAM owes its ability to run rapidly on a computer to the factthat it is a deterministic model as opposed to simulation models whichrepresent a system's behavior as a function of time. These latterclasses of models are often complex. They generally employ Monte Carlotechniques and consume considerable computation time.
The LOGAM computer analyses generally assume a constant deployment suchthat the operational costs are the same for each year during the O&Mphase. The inclusion of program "phase-in" is important, it can beaccommodated by successive computer runs tc represent the yearly buildupof a deployment and increased equipment utilization.
2.7 Modeling Limitations
There are many advantages to LOGAM applications. These, however,are not panaceas that handle all problems of the system developer oruser, nor are they without limitations. LOGAM studies must be examinedto recognize the limitations built into them, or the premises generatedbased on "given" information.
The more prominent limitations inherent in analytical studies usingLOGAM are as follows:
a) Accuracy of input data (particularly failure rateand equipment utilization data).
b) Improper data usage.c) Inddequate problem definition.d) Interjection of bias.e) Poor assumptions.f) Failure to reappraise.g) Future uncertainties.h) Interaction of variables when changes are made
(for example, G factors
The preceding limitations can be minimized by sensitivity testing whichincreases visibility and permits factors to be refined and adjusted toshow their significance on logistics support costs.
I'
14
.44
.5 4
SECTION 3
MAINTENANCE POLICY SELECTION
The logistic and maintenance support system possibilities which maybe considered comprise twenty basic maintenance policies with fourpossible levels of inventory support for each. The 20 basic maintenancepolicies are summarized in Figure 6. LOGAM additionally allows theanalyst to split maintenance policy and stock location - this leads to anumber of combinations which are essentially unlimited.
3.1 Policy "G" Factors
The LOGAM deployment matrix shows four possible levels ofmaintenance support: at Equipment, Direct Support, General Support, andDepot. The model additionally assumes that faults are identified inaccordance with the LRU removal rate (E) at the equipment level. LOGAMalso provides three levels of maintenance support capability: unitcheckout (COU), fault isolation of the unit to a faulty module (FIM),and module test and repair (FIP). It provides three levels of discard:unit, module, and part.
The maintenance levels at which work is performed and testequipment, test, and repair manpower locations are specified by "G"factors. These are the same "G" terms illustrated on Figure 6. Thesame factors are used to define the flow of maintenance work in systemdeployment. These input factors GA through GT must total unity so thatall work is accounted for. These factors are:
GA = Specifies a policy of discard at failure. There are nomaintenance support activities. All failure, false no-goindications, and attrition rate inputs result in LRU discard.Only LRUs are stocked in the supply system. There is nodemand for modules or parts.
GB = Similar to GA but here is a provision to detect false no-go'sat Direct Support and only failed and attrited LRUs arediscarded. There is no demand for module or part stock.There is a demand for checkout service at Direct Support andthe algebra uses Type I test equipment input data for this.
GC = Specifies LRU repair at equipment level by removing andreplacing a defective module. The defective module isdiscarded.
GD = Specifies LRU repair at Direct Support by removing andreplacing a defective module. The defective module isdiscarded.
GE = Specifies LRU repair at General Support by removing andreplacing a defective module. The defective module isdiscarded.
15
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GF = Specifies LRU repair at General Support with checkoutperformed at Direct Support to remove false no-go LRUsbefore sending the work to General Support. LRU repairis by removal and replacement of a defective module andthe defective module is discarded.
GG = Specifies LRU repair at Depot. Defective modules arediscarded.
GH = Specifies LRU repair at Depot preceded by a checkout atDirect Support to screen false no-go's.
GI = Specifies LRU repair at equipment level and module repairat Direct Support.
GJ = Specifies LRU repair at equipment level and module repairat General Support.
GK = Specifies LRU repair at equipment level and module repairat the Depot.
GL = Specifies LRU and module repair at Direct Support.
GM = Specifies LRU repair at Direct Support and module repairat General Support.
GN = Specifies LRU repair at Direct Support and module repairat Depot.
GO = Specifies checkout to catch false no-go's at DirectSupport followed by LRU and module repair at GeneralSupport.
GP = Specifies checkout to catch false no-go's at DirectSupport followed by LRU repair at General Support andmodule repair at Depot.
GQ = Specifies LRU checkout to catch false no-go's at Direct
Support followed by LRU and module repair at Depot.
GR = Specifies LRU and module repair at General Support.
GS = Specifies LRU repair at General Support and module repairat Depot.
GT = Specifies LRU and module repair at Depot.
The matrix of "G" factors as structured to form maintenancepolicies that are built into the LOGAM formulation is shown in Figure 6.This matrix identifies the support posture options available within theLOGAM model. These alternatives are designated GA through GT in theupper part of the matrix. Twenty alternatives are availale which can becombined so that a percentage of work is accomplished by one policy withthe balance being accommodated by other policies selected from the
17
1, { I-_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
matrix. In the matrix, X indicates that the options listed around theperimeter of the chart apply for the block in which the X is located. Ablank in a block indicates that there is no applicable action takingplace.
For example, the X in the fourth column from the left in the fourthrow from the top is to be interpreted in the following way:
(Start at the left-hand edge of the chart).
Test equipment will be located at DIRECT SUPPORT. For themaintenance policy designated "GD", test equipment atDirect Support can isolate faults to the level of thefailed MODULE. Repair will be accomplished by discardingand replacing the failed MODULE.
By designating percentages of the work flow through values of theinputs GA through GT, work is assigned to Organization, Direct Support,General Support, and Depot and provides for overflow of UNIT/LRU repairto the next higher level as required. Scrap fractions, a portion of thework flow deemed not repairable, can be assigned to UNIT/LRU and modulesat each maintenance level. Scrapped items are part of the cumulativematerial requirements for resupply stocks from higher levels.
3.2 Maintenance Policy Example
LOGAM Maintenance Policy GP with unit stock located at DirectSupport is shown in Figure 7. Maintenance Policy GP places an LRUcheckout capability at the Organization and Direct Support levels, afault isolate to module at the general support level, and a modulerepair facility at the Depot level. All policies have ultimate recourseto a recorder cycle.
In policy GP, failed units are sent from Equipment to DirectSupport. LRUs which test well at Direct Support - False Report ofFailure - are returned to Equipment. Those which also fail at DirectSupport are replaced with an LRU from stock and sent on to GeneralSupport.
At the General Support level, those LRUs successfully faultisolated to the module are repaired by module replacement and returnedto LR'j stock at Direct Support. The failed modules detected at GeneralSupport and any LRUs still not fault isolated are sent on to Depot.
Failed modules are repaired at Depot and any LRUs repaired at Depotare returned to stock. The black lines which flow upward in the centerof the diagram represent the flow of failed LRUs from Equipment level*.,irough Direct Support --d General Support to Depot. The dotted linefrom Direct Support bacK to Equipment represents the return of FalseReport of failure LRUs.
18
iqI . .... I
E~~R DEPOT .
t REO DE ........ I.I II.
Ij _ENERAL SUPPOR .........i i FIM
DIRECT SUPPORT I• -- STOCKI
EUP :
L!-- EOUI -- - - "
Figure 7. LOGAM Maintenance Policy GP.
The dotted lines from General Support and Depot to Direct Supportstock represent the return of repaired LRUs to stock. The dashed linesrepresent an LRU reorder cycle which is satisfied by new LRUs from thefactory which follow the combined dot-dash lines. The latter route fromDirect Support stock to Direct Support and back represents a checkout ofnew LRUs before they are put into stock.
Figure 7 shows the pipelines associated with the flow of failed,repaired, and replacement LRUs. There are other (and spearate)pipelines for modules and parts which are not shown. Modules and parts
* are stocked "where used", in this case spare modules are stocked atGeneral Support and Depot and spare parts are stocked at Depot.
The formulation also provides for a percentage (a program input) ofLRUs and modules to be scrapped in maintenance activity at each levelwhere they are subject to maintenance test and/or repair.
3.3 Repair Versus Discard and Optimum Repair Level Analysis (ORLA)
In defining the detailed maintenance concept and establishingcriteria for equipment design, it is sometimes necessary to determinewhether items should be repaired in the field (Direct Support or GeneralSupport), repaired at the Depot/Supplier facility, or discarded in theevent of failure. As with other types of logistics cost analysis, thefirst step is to define the operational requirements in terms ofequipment deployment, utilization, equipment characteristics, etc.Whether there are two equipments or 100 equipments deployed or whetherthe equipment is to be utilized 12 hours versus 4 hours per day aresignificant factors in the decision process.
19
The versatility of the LOGAM to perform repair level analysis orrepair versus discard analysis can be seen by examination of themaintenance policy alternatives available in Figure 6. For the firsttwo policies, there is no repair; the LRUs are discarded upon failure.Policy GB does provide a checkout at Direct Support to locate falseno-go's. The next six policies perform LRU repair by discard at themodule level and the rest repair faulty modules by fault isolating tothe part level. Examples of repair level analysis are indicated bycomparing policies GD, GE, and GG or GL, GR, and GT. In each instance,repair is performed at either Direct Support, General Support or Depotand an input deck structured to run these policies in consecutive orderprovides the means for performing repair level analysis. When theresults for the different repair options are close, the analyst shouldreview the data for validity and perform a sensitivity analysis todetermine the impact on the decision as a result of input parametervariations. Applications where the model was used to perform repairlevel analysis have been documented.
3.4 Repair of LRUs and Modules
Cost to repair the LRUs and modules may be developed in LOGAM bycomputing manpower, test equipment, and material costs or can be modeledsimply as so many dollars per repair. This might be representative ofrepair at a contractor facility where the Depot level is used as thatfacility. To model as dollars per repair the following inputs must bemade:
CDPRMN = 8766 Number of hours per year on which costs are based.
TDPMI = 0 Deletes productivity factor for test equipmentTDPMII = 1) manpower.
TDPRI = 1 Eliminates productivity factor for repairTDPRII = 1 manpower.
TDE = (Dollars per repair of LRU) Creates terms where cost ofTMDR= (Dollars per repair of module) repair manpower is really
cost of repair.
FNSP = 0 Deletes parts cost. Presumably absorbed in TDRand TMDR.
FUD = 1 Will repair all items and create no demand forFMD = 1 reprocurement of LRUs and modules. Reprocurement
is presumably absorved in TOR and TMDR.
TD =0 Deletes all cost for LRU and module testTMD=0 ) manpower at the depot.
EVDT = 1 ) Necessary to assure expected value charged perEVDM = 1 TOR and TMDR.EVDR = 1
20
WDR = 168) Necessary to maintain work week in order toWDM = 168 not change constant 8766.
A WD = 168
ARAD = 0 Deletes Depot manpower retraining cost.
TMDD = 0 Deletes manpower for installing MWO kits at Depot.
SUD = 0 Creates no demand for reprocurement of scrappedSMD = 0 LRUs and modules. All items arriving at Depot
will presumably be repaired.
- 21
'I!
SECTION 4
LOGAM MAINTENANCE ANALYSIS USE PREPARATION
It is recommended that potential users be introduced to LOGAM by
first exercising the model in their own computer facility. This entailscompiling the program and exercising it with the furnished input sampleproblem. Appendix C of the manual sets up a realistic sample problemand describes the steps involved in applying the model. Thedescriptions define the problem, provide the input data base, and giveportions of the program output printout. The user will need a computerwith 200 kilobytes of memory and a FORTRAN IV, level G compiler. Thissection explains the procedural steps in gathering data for support costanalysis and using the model, explains how four different supportchannels are modeled, and provides important input data user notes.
4.1 The LOGAM Maintenance Analysis Program
The LOGAM program is specifically structured to perform logisticanalysis in Army support situations when emphasis is placed on thesupport channels required for a diversity of operating equipments. Inusing the program, the analyst structures his input data as a sequenceof installed equipments (LRUs) which require support. The programprocesses each equipment sequentially. Provision is made within theprogram to store cumulative demand for work at common test and repairfacilities for several different LRUs. When setting up the input deck,the LRUs which share such common facilities are grouped. At the lastLRU in the group, the cost for the support channels is computed based onthe total workload in the accumulator. The accumulator is then resetand the next group of equipments may be processed.
Five types of support channels (test and support equipment) may beaccommodated for a particular scenario being modeled. In theterminology of the program, these are designated as follows:
a) Type I can be located in Field or Depot and issometimes* used to represent automatic test equipment.
b) Type II can be Depot located only and is sometimes*used to represent factory type manual test equipment.
c) Type III can be located in Field or Depot and is generallyse to represent calibration equipment.
d) Type IV is generally used to represent contact support setsinthe Field.
e) Type V will fault isolate and test major items in the field.
Usually used to represent built-in-test equipment (BITE).
• Test equipment input factors are generic and development, acquisitionand documentation or software cost factors can be subject to variedinterpretations.
22
o_ j t .....
The maintenance policies and the integer control JTED control thelocation of the first two types of test equipment as follows:
a) If the value of JTED is input as 1, then Type I
can be located in Depot.
b) If the value of JTED is input as 2, Type II canbe located in Depot.
c) Type I test equipment can be field located regardlessof the JTED value.
The essential features of the five test equipment categories are asfollows:
a) Type I is modeled as test equipment performing LRU and modulerepair at Equipment, Direct, General, and Depot levels ofsupport. An accumulator will accumulate total work demandover one or more equipments before posting out total costs.Inputs permit specification of LRU or module repair functionsat Equipment, Direct, General, and Depot. Three accumulatorsare operative, namely, demand for test equipment, demand fortest men and demand for repair men.
b) Type II is modeled as test equipment at Depot for performanceof LRU and module repair. Inputs specify the repaircapability fractions for LRUs and modules. Three accumulatorsare operative; namely, demand for test equipment, demand fortest men, and demand for repair men. When TYPE I is specifiedat Depot, Type II at Depot is disabled, i.e., it cannot beconcurrently modeled at Depot.
c) Type III calibration sets are modeled directly from inputsrelating to total number of sets and men in the Field. Thereare no accumulators.
d) Type IV contact support sets are also modeled directly frominputs relating to total number of sets and men in the Field.There are no accumulators.
e) Type V test sets are used at the equipment level of support.They may be built-in to the major item. Estimates of thefollowing are made for Type V equipment:
(1) Test sets demanded (number and costs).(2) Unscheduled maintenance personnel (number and costs)(3) Training costs.
Inputs control the posting out of costs for each type of testequipment and their related costs. Specifically the costs which may beincluded are as follows:
a) Test Equipment development.
23
i _ .. .
b) Development of technical data or programs for Type I
of Type II test equipment
c) Test equipment acquisition.
d) Nonrecurring training.
e) Operation and maintenance costs for test equipment.
f) Costs for floor space.
g) Costs for test equipment men.
h) Costs for repair men.
The demand for Type I, Type II and Type V test equipments includesdemand for their self-support, i.e., the computations account for enoughtest equipment to support the prime equipment and the test equipmentitself. Test manpower is based on the total demand for support, i.e.,prime equipment and the test equipment itself.
In addition to accounting for the cost for support channels, theprogram calculates the following:
a) Cost of prime equipment development, acquisition,salvage value.
b) Cost of spare units, modules, and parts for the primeequipment. The model determines the initial sparesacquisition plus on-going consumption. Provision ismade to charge for material storage. Salvage value maybe taken on annual consumption and on end program terminalinventory. Separately, all or a fraction of the cost ofthe prime equipment, initial provision, and consumptionmay be sunk.
c) Companion to the cost of consumption of material is the
cost of reordering.
d) Cost for shipping and handling.
A e) Cost for supply administration.
f) Software costs.
Costs are developed over the sequence of the input equipments(LRUs) and carried forward in an accumulator until the last item.Totals are then printed by element of cost. Also, using an inputinterest fraction, the program phase totals and grand total are printedat present value which can reflect discount as well as inflation(definition of FINT in Appendix B).
24
4.2 Typical Procedural Steps
Application of the model for support cost analysis generallyincludes the following steps:
a) Establishing the data base.
1) Deployment (scenario).2) LRU maintenance concepts.3) Basic data.4) Equipment (LRU) data.
b) Input deck preparation.
c) Performing baseline computer runs.
d) Performing sensitivity analysis.
e) Presentation of results.
Perhaps the most difficult part of applying the model is gatheringthe input data (establishing the data base). It is not uncomon forthis procedure to take considerable time. This data gathering periodencompasses the following tasks:
a) The delineation of prime system/equipment factors.
b) Data generated as the result of operations and supportequipment analysis.
c) Determination of logistics factors.
d) Establishment of standard cost/time factors.
The synthesis of viable support systems is dependent upon theresults of these activities. Alternate support systems which meet theworkload demand are considered as prime tradeoff factors.
Many of the input data items are those the model requires tocompute the various workload demands. The LOGAM model operates ondemand for support, that is, maintenance workload generated by the primeequipment as postulated in the model. Workload or demand is generatedas a function of operating hours expected maintenance incidents, numberof operating components, and false failure indications. The supportequipment also generates workload by virtue of its need for maintenance.Workload at a representative field test station is computed from:
a) The number of equipments operating in real time.b) Equipment maintenance incident rate.c) Test station testing rate for equipment, printed circuit
Iboards, and modules/subassemblies.d) Modification work order workload.e) Self-test requirements.
25
. '2,
Workload for each field repair station is similarly and separatelycomputed as are test/repair workload at depot. From workloadcalculations, LOGAM determines the available time needed at each teststation and where demand exceeds a set threshold, additional teststations are added as well as personnel and test station need formaintenance.
4.2.1 Data Gathering Worksheets. One way to organize the datagathering process is through the use of input data worksheets. Tables 3and 4 present two worksheets which may be used. These tables list allthe input data variables the LOGAM model uses. Definitions for thevariables listed are given in the Glossary in Appendix B. Many times,data need not be input for all of the items listed. Particular problemsmay be structured to analyze a portion of the maintenance workload orthe life cycle maintenance support costs. For example, a scenario mayinclude several theaters of operation but initially the model may beused only to examine the USAREUR portion of the deployment. Other ideasof the simplifications possible may be determined by studying the sampleproblems presented in Appendix C and comparing their input data listingwith Tables 3 and 4.
The beginning user of the LOGAM model is urged to contact the modelusing Army agencies for consultant help in initially adapting LOGAM totheir application. Consultant aid is invaluable not only in setting upthe input data, but in determining the expected outputs, determining whythey do not occur, and analyzing what the results really mean.
Some problems run on LOGAM are structured during conceptual projectphases. At that time, very few "hard" data are available. For thatreason, LOGAM incorporates data values called default (BLOCK DATA) data.These data values are resident in the model and are indicated in Tables3 and 4. The default value may also be used as the input data value ifthe user knows they are the same (i.e., the variable input data quantityneed not be input in that case.) Many of the input data variables areused only to describe a particular LRU. These variables are preceded byan asterisk.
As can be noted, a blank space is left after the BLOCK DATA valueis given. Therefore, these tables can be used as work sheets to recordthe input values prior +1 keypunching or other input processes. Table 4is of oarticular interest because it shows the structure of the LOGAMinput arrays such as H, OL, SL, etc. The blank spaces in this instanceindicate the number of values necessary to fill the array.
As noted previously, the variables with asterisks in Table 3indicate LRU descriptive quantities. Because a LOGAM application willtypically involve many LRUs, these variables can effectively be removedfrom this list and placed on multi-LPU worksheets. The use ofworksheets is highly recommended (pages 37-53).
26
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4.3 Input Deck Structure
The input to the model is through punched cards. A listing of theinputs for the example problem is contained in Appendix C. Each deckmust have the computer control cards plus eight header cards precedingthe data. The first four header cards may be either blank or punched,but they must all be there. The structure of the input deck is shown inFigure 8 and comprises the following elements.
a) Control Cards: These cards specify the job name, assigntapes and/or discs to be used, and the program executecard. They apply to the particular computer being used.
b) Header Cards:
1) Text Cards - These four cards may contain information inColumns 1 through 72. The purpose of the text cards isto enable the analyst to print up to four lines ofidentifying information on each computer output page.(Must be 4 cards).
2) "Analysis" Card - One card provides information inColumns 1 through 18. This may be identification of theanalyst or some specific information on the analysis.
3) Date Card - One card using the first 18 columns to allowfor printing the date on the output pages.
4) "Units" Card - One card stating the units of the outputand totals printouts in words (Columns 1 to 36), and thenumerical value of the multiplier to be used (Columns 42to 51), (i.e., dollars, 100 dollars, 1000 dollars, etc.)for $1000, .001 in Columns 48-51.
5) Total Card - Total is a non-recurring input card whichindicates that a summation of each LRU for all theatersis called. Individual LRUs in the input data for eachcase (theater) must be identically sequenced for the LRUsummation to be meaningful. The number of distinct LRUsfor which a total is to be taken for each theater in aconcept must also be punched on the TOTALS card, endingin Column 80.
c) Data Cards: LOGAM model input data uses the NAMELIST form.This allows data to be modified easily from one program passto another. Only the elements of data that are different fromthose used in the preceding pass need to be entered. The deckis made up of a series of LRU "boxes", each seriesrepresenting a particular case to be run. These cases definea support alternative and the related geographical scenarios.In each box, two leader cards provide identifying information(Columns 1 to 18 and I to 72 in that order). Next follows the
46
I L_ ,
END OF JOB CARD/CARDS
INPUT CARDS FOR SENSITIVITY TESTING
FINAL LRU DATA CARDS
LRU DATA FORSECOND THEATER TWO LEADER CARDS FOR FINAL LRU
FIRST LRU DATA CARDS
TWO LEADER CARDS FOR FIRST LRU
LRU DATA OR FINAL LRU DATA CARDS
FIRST THEATERATWO LEADER CARDS FOR FINAL LRU
FIRS LRU DATA CARDS
TWO LEADER CARDS FOR FIRST LRU
=EIGHT HEADER CARDS
SYSTEM CONTROL CARDS
Figure 8. Input Deck Structure For Support Cost Analysis for Two
Theater Scenario.
14
NAELIST (Columns 2 to 80), with the final entry being an &END or $depending on the computer used. The very last card in the deck containsa /* or other suitable end file card in Columns 1 and 2 to indicate theend of all data.
4.3.1 NAMELIST Data Organization. There are two types of NAMELISTdata. One type, the $L type, is for all LRU data except Type V testdata. The other type, the $LE type, is for Type V test data. NAMELISTdata are identified by the first three columns on the first card: blank&L or $L (where L is the name of the NAMELIST). NAMELIST statementsfollow: their form is ABC=X, ABC is the name of an input variable, X isthe assigned value. Column 1 is always blank; a coma separates eachstatement so that any number may be punched on a card, but once started,a statement must be completed on the same card. The end of the NAMELISTinformation is indicated by an &END or
In general, any input variable name which does not appear as a partof the NAMELIST retains the last value assigned to it. If a variablename appears more than once, the last input is the only one whichremains in memory. Incorrect inputs (missspelled names or those notcalled for in the program) will cause the computer to reject the entiredeck.
4.3.2 Input Cards for Sensitivity Testing. After the data set forthe last box for baseline cases to be run, the input cards forsensitivity testing may be added. The sensitivity input data setsconsist of at least three cards. The first two are leader cards usedto identify certain characteristics of the sensitivity passes to bemade. The third or subsequent cards are again in the NAMELIST formatbut follow the rules for setting up the sensitivity ARRAY discussed indetail in Section 4.
4.4 LOGAM Input Notes
The following paragraphs define and discuss inputs that areparticularly important to the correct use of the model.
4.4.1 Program Controls. LOGAM uses several program controls whichgovern the computer operations for the particular problem underanalysis:
The G factors (selects the maintenance concept).AYZP.Test Equipment and manpower tally controls.Expected value flags.NA.JTED.IO.IS.NU.INHIB.ILE 0
The first four controls in the preceding list are real numbers; therest are integer controls.
48
• , ,jj F''-
a) G Factors: The maintenance concept is generally punched foreach LRU in the data set because it is likely to vary between LRUs.Reference to Appendix C indicates that this approach was used in settingup the sample problem data set. When combination policies are used forthe Class 2 and Class 3 LRU maintenance concepts, the sum of themaintenance policy fractions must total to unity to assure that all workis accounted for.
b) AYZP - AYZP governs the selection of supply/maintenance rules.A value of unity was used for the sample problem described in AppendixC. This selected the use of MICOM maintenance rules.
c) Test Equipment and Manpower Tally Controls: LOGAM incorporatesfour tally controls associated with the five possible types of testequipment as follows:
1) ETI Type I test equipment.2) ETII Type II test equipment.3) EACAL Type III test equipment.4) EACSP Type IV test equipment.5) ETE Type V test equipment
These controls govern the posting of test equipment and manpowercosts. Only the values 0 and 1 are permitted. The tally is taken whenunity is input. Type I, Type II and Type V tallies are taken inaccordance with the expected values flags which control the use ofshared test equipment and manpower or integer round off. Type III andType IV can only be deployed as dedicated test equipment sets and teamsof manpower. Type V can be used as built in test equipment (BITE).
d) Expected Value Flags: There are fourteen of these flags in theLOGAM program. They are used to designate whether shared (expectedvalue) or dedicated test equipment and manpower will be used. Only thevalues 0 and 1 are permitted. Zero selects dedicated test equipment andmanpower and unity selects shared test equipment and manpower.
The program uses the following mnemonics for these flags:
EVETEVOT Flags for test equipment at Equipment, DirectEVIT Support, General Support, and Depot, respectively.EVDT
ETEI Flag for BITE at equipment.EREI Flag for test and repairmen at equipment.
EVEMEVOM Flags for test manpower at Equipment, DirectEVIM Support, General Support, and Depot, respectively.EVDMEVEREVOR Flags for repair manpower at Equipment, DirectEVIR Support, General Support, and Depot, respectively.EVDR
49
, f ' .
e) NA - NA controls the number of system availability modes to betallied. Values from 1 to 10 can be assigned to NA permitting thedetermination of up to 10 availability modes. NA is input incombination with TAYZ (Section 4.4.2).
f) JTED - JTED controls the designation of Depot test equipment(Type I or Type 10. For the sample problem (Appendix C), JTED=2 wasinput which designated Type II test equpment at Depot.
g) 10 - 10 controls the printout of NAMELIST, an abbreviatedNAMELIST or a sequenced listing of all inputs. 10=0 inhibits theprint-out of the inputs. 10=2 prints out all NAMELIST inputs. 10=1prints the abbreviated NAMELIST. When I0=3 is input, the entiresequence of LRU input data for all LRUs will be printed. It isrecommended that this control be used with the last LRU in an inputsequence of LRUs. Thus, for example, if the user has a systemconsisting of eleven LRUs and he is examining them in five differentdeployments, then his total set of LRU inputs is eleven times five, orfifty-five. The control I0=3 should be input with the fifty-fifth setof LRU data. When so input, all fifty-five sets of input data will beprinted in columnar fashion to facilitate examination of the sequence ofinputs. This feature greatly facilitates the discovery of inadvertantinput sequence error from LRU to LRU.
h) IS - IS controls the program reset functions (Appendix B). IS= 3 neutralizes all reset actions and must be in first LRU box of eachtheater to assure correct accumulator function. (For example if IS = 1is input at the end of an LRU in order to get a subtotal then the nextbox IS = 3 must be input.) For the final LRU of the USAREUR data set inAppendix E, IS = 1 is input. This causes all inputs used for the veryfirst LRU of the data set to be recalled for next LRU in the inputsequence. Therefore, any inputs which pertain specifically to that LRUneed to be keypunched for the next system data set. IS = 1, also resetsavailability, workload accumulators, and case total assumulators.
i) NU - NU controls the printout of totals pages. It is generalinput with the final LRU of theater or case. In the present problem(Appendix C), NU = -1, is input with the final LRU of the USAREURdeployment. This caused the printout of the case totals page for theUSAREUR scenario. For the final LRU in the conus scenario, NU = -3 isinput causing the printout of the case totals page for CONUS plus theprintout of summary TOTALS pages for each LRU for both theaters.Finally, a GRAND TOTALS summation of the CASE TOTALS for USAREUR plus
4the CASE TOTALS for CONUS is printed out.
j) INHIB - INHIB controls the printout of the individual LRUOUTPUT pages. It is input as either one or zero. Unity inhibits theprintout of LRU OUTPUT and zero allows the OUTPUT page to be printed.
k) ILE - Controls the reading of $LE input data. The program isstructured to read an LRU block of $L data followed by $LE block, ifrequired. ILE must be set on (=1) in the $L data to initiate reading$LE data. The flag may then be set off (=0) in the $LE data if further$LE reading is to be omitted.
50
A 4L'
4.4.2 Array Inputs. LOGAM uses the following array inputs:
HTAYZZU, ZM, ZPSENSYOLOSTSLTAT
a) H - H controls the allowable LRU stock locations. It ispermissible to have LRU stock at any or all of four supply locations:at Equipment Level, at Direct Support, at General Support or at Depot.In the sample problem (Appendix C), H was input as:
H = 4*1.,
with the first LRU of the data set. This signifies that LRU stock ispermitted at all locations because all elements of the array are inputas unity. An input of zero would inhibit LRU supply at a particularlocation depending on which element of the array was input as the zero.The program will inspect the inputs QTE, QTO, QTI, and QTD to see ifstock quantities have been input. If they have been input, thecorresponding H element will be set to unity even if input as zero.This change to H, if made, is permanent until H is again input with somesubsequent LRU.
b) TAYZ, Availability Tally Control, is the availabilityformulation in LOGAM which includes a set of ten availabilityaccumulators. A new input, NA, described in Section 5.4.1, specifieshow many of the ten accumulators are active. TAYZ is defined as anarray of dimension ten. However, a value must be input for each of theavailability accumulators. In the environment of the CDC 6600, tenvalues should be entered. Only the first NA of the ten is actuallyused; the remaining values have no effect.
For example, in the sample problem (Appendix C), the systemconsists of eleven LRUs. The arrangement of the LRUs in the input trayis such that the first four LRUs constitute the first subsystem, thenext five constitute the second subsystem, and the last two constitutethe third subsystem. In this instance, it is desirable to keep theavailability tally for the total system and also for each subsystem.Four tallies are required; therefore, the input NA = 4 is used and thefollowing are input for TAYZ:
51
It ,
LRU No
1 TAYZ = 1., 1., 8*0.,23
5 TAYZ = l.,0., 1., 7*0.,6789
10 TAYZ = 1., 2*0., 1, 6*0,11
All LRUs are tallied into the first accumulator, i.e., the firstelement of the TAYZ array is unity (1) for every LRU. The first value,1 in boxes 1, 5, and 10 represents this direction. As has been statedpreviously the 1 is continued in boxes 2 through 4, 6 through 9 and 11.This tally will compute system availability. The first four LRUs aretallied into the second accumulator, i.e., the second element of TAYZ isunity for the first four LRUs and zero for all others. The second valuein all the arrays represents this accumulator, therefore arrays in box 5and 10 are zero. This zero is continued in boxes 6 through 9 and 11.LRUs 5 through 9 are tallied into the third accumulator, i.e., the thirdelement of TAYZ is unity for these LRUs and zero for all others. TheTAYZ array in box 5 represents this subsystem. The last two LRUs willbe tallied into the fourth accumulator, i.e., the fourth element of TAYZis unity for these and zero for all others. Values of TAYZ beyond thefourth element is immaterial because NA=4. The array would be arrangedas follows if all values were input into each box.
LRU ELEMENTSNO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 1., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 1., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 03 1., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 04 1., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 05 1., 0., 1.,0 0 0 0 0 0 06 1., 0., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 07 1., 0., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 08 1., 0., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 1., 0., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 1., 0., 0., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 011 1., 0., 0., 1., 0 0 0 0 0 0
On the case total output page, four availabilities will be printedacross the page. The first is the system availability. The second isthe availability of the first subsystem. The third is for the secondsubsystem. The fourth, and last, is for the third subsystem.
c) ZU, ZM and ZP - Stock Round-off Arrays - Array ZU., ofdimension four, gives the round-off rule for LRU stock at Equipment,Direct Support, General Support, and Depot supply locations. Similarly,array ZM of dimension four gives the rule for module stock at Equipment,
52
Aid________.__I a - ..-.,
Direct Support, General Support, and Depot locations. Array ZP givesthe rule for part stock at the same three locations. The followinginputs for these factors:
ZU = .5, .5, .99, .9999999
ZM = .9, .99, .9999999, .9999999
ZP = .9999999, .9999999, .9999999,
in LRU stock would mean:
1) At the E level, round one-half, i.e., if the demand for spareLRUs at E is less than one-half, stock zero.
2) At the Direct Support level, one-half is rounded. If thedemand has a fractional part less than one-half, the nextlower integer is used. If the demand is more than one-half,the next higher integer is stocked.
3) At the General Support level, if the demand fraction isgreater or equal to 0.01, the next higher integer is stocked;otherwise, the next lower integer is stocked.
4) At the D level, if the demand fraction is greater or equal to0.0000001, the next higher integer is stocked; otherwise thenext lower integer is stocked.
Similar interpretations apply to the ZM and ZP rules.
These rules are used for both the LOGAM Supply Rules and the LOGAMMaintenance Rules. Fractional demands for stock are rounded up or downto an integer based on the addition of the Z fractions to the basicdemand followed by truncation of the result of the addition to obtain awhole number.
d) SENSY is the array for sensitivity testing. SENSY is discussed4 in detail in Section 4.
e) TAT, OL, SL and OST are arrays for LOGAM Maintenance Rules.LOGAM incorporates three basic methods for calculating initial stockage(definition for AYZP in Appendix B). When using the LOGAM MaintenanceRule, four sets of pipeline inputs are in the form of arrays. Thesepipelines are known as "maintenance-turn-around times" for repairablesand "operating level" , "safety-level", and "order-ship-times" forconsumables. When used in this mode, LOCAM/COAMP pipeline times areused to specify down-time if stock outage occurs. Down-time, in thiscontext, should reflect the expedited time to obtain a spare.
The TAT, OL, SL and OST are all input in days and are arrays ofDimension 4. The order of each array is for Direct Support, GeneralSupport, and Depot supplies.
53
mam bo a
4.4.3 New Inputs. LOGAM contains five additional NAMELIST inputsnot in previous versions of the model:
STATDTIDTOIFLAGILE
STAT, DTI, and DTO are new inputs associated with the use of LOGAMMaintenance Rules. STAT is the shipping turn-around time in days for anLRU to go from a Field maintenance point to Depot and return. DTI isthe expected delay time in days at General Support in evacuating afailed LRU to Depot. DTO is the expected delay time in days at DirectSupport in evacuating a failed LRU to General Support or Depot.
IFLAG - IFLAG has been added to NAMELIST to suppress the printoutof LRU summary totals. The summation of costs, etc. for each LRU forall theaters is suppressed if IFLAG=1 is input (description of programinitialization card "TOTAL" in Section 4.3).
ILE - ILE is described in the previous Section 5.4.1 (ProgramControls).
54
L *, *~ - !i
SECTION 5
OPERATION AND SUPPORT (O&S) COSTS
BASED ON TOE STRUCTURE
As an example, the MTOE for FA BN, Pershing forms the basis fordescribing operation and support costs derived from a typical TOEstructure. The O&S cost equations described herein are added to theLOGAM maintenance cost model as a post-processor with suitable controlsto activate this additional software device or not depending on the typeof analysis desired. LOGAM, therefore, can be used to estimate lifecycle logistics support costs without the addition of operational costs.
5.1 PAY AND ALLOWANCES FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL GRADES
The Pay and Allowances shown in Table are based on data obtainedfrom the Army Force Planning Cost Handbook(L with suitable adjustmentsas indicated by the table footnote. The weighted average given forGrades E-9, E-8 and E-7 assumes three E-8s and six E-7s for each E-9 astypical weighting factors and three E-5s and two E-4s for each E-6 asthe factors for weighting the pay and allowances of the E-4, E-5 and E-6group. Where other averages are given in Table 5 they are numericalaverages as suggested in the Army Force Planning Cost Handbook.
5.2 CREW PAY AND ALLOWANCES (3.011)(2)
Crew Pay and Allowances include base pay and allowances accordingto grade for military personnel whose primary function is to operate theweapon system being costed and may include a flight pay multiplier.Depending on organization, crew size may be the (number of operationalequipment) x (number of crewmen per operational equipment) as in Figure6.2 of DA PAM 11-4 or for missiles (for example, Pershing), the crew maybe the personnel in the Field Artillery Battery (batteries). For thepurpose of LOGAM, personnel will be combined in groups identified bygrade and their pay and allowances and other cost factors will beaveraged per DA PAM 11-4. To be consistent with the LOGAM WorkStatement, TOE structure will be limited for four Army organizational
- levels or less.
(1) "Army Force Planning Cost Handbook", Directorate of Cost AnalysisOffice, Comptroller of the Army, Washington, D. C. 20310.
(2) Number in parenthesis refer to cost elements as defined inChapters 2 and 6 of Department of Army Pamphlet No. 11-4,"Operating and Support Cost Guide for Army Material Systems", April1976.
k55.... i i A - ......
Table 5. Pay Allowances for Military Personnel (FY-79 Dollars)
Personnel Groupings
Grade Rank Pay and Allowances
0-10 General $52452
0-9 LTG 51633
0-8 Maj. Gen. 48419
0-7 Brigadier Gen 42598
0-6 Col m
0-5 Lt.Col 29804 (average)
0-4 Major
0-3 Captain
0-2 1st Lt 18718 (average)
0-1 2nd Lt
WO Warrant Officer (W-l - W-4) 18080 (average)
E-9 Sgt. Maj/Command SM
E-8 MSG/lst SG 16759 (Weighted Average)
E-7 SFC/SP7
E-6 Staff SG/SP6
E-5 SGT/SP5 10469 (Weighted Average)
E-4 CPL/SP4
E-3 PFC )E-2 Private 7500 (average)
E-1 Recruit (Private) )
(3) Note: Includes basic allowance for quarters (BAQ) and allowance forsubsistence (PAS) - from Army Force Planning Cost Handbook.plus two 7 percent increases since then to place manpower covts on a FY basis.
56
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In order to determine operational costs excluding maintenance, theTOE rf the organization under evaluation must be examined. As anexample the organization based on the MTOE for FA BN Pershing isstructured as shown in Figure 9 to illustrate the hierarchy of a typicalArmy organization and showing the correspondence to the TOE paragraphnumbering system. Following preparation of an organizational structuresuch as shown in Figure 9, a TOE manpower breakdown table is prepared,an example of which is shown in Table 6 for the FA BN, Pershing. Thistable follows the organizational structure of Figure 9 and indicates thepersonnel grades at the various levels of the TOE organization andprovides categorizations of all personnel in addition to crew whichindicates whether specific personnel are overhead, dedicated, support,crew or those performing maintenance. The table also gives the annualallowance of the personnel corresponding to the values given in Table 5.Pay and allowances for maintenance personnel, however, are not providedsince it is the intent to compute the maintenance manpower costs on anexpected value basis using the logistic support cost analysis portion ofthe LOGAM program. In the implementation of the calculation for lifecycle operational personnel costs, Table 6 becomes a data array which isstored in the computer and can be accessed to obtain various operationalpersonnel pay and allowances:
Crew PersonnelOverhead PersonnelDedicated/Support Personnel
These personnel costs give the cost totals for each category and are
summed to give total operational personnel costs.
5.3 MAINTENANCE PAY AND ALLOWANCES (3.012)
In the context of the LOGAM logistics analysis portion of theprogram, this element (3.012) includes base pay and allowances formilitary personnel at all levels of maintenance. No maintenance levelsor maintenance personnel are excluded as indicated in DA PAM 11-4. ForLOGAM maintenance pay and allowance will be handled on an expected valuebasis. However, where applicable, they will be modified according to DAPAM 11-4 element 3.051. (See paragraph 5.8)
As an example, to determine maintenance pay and allowance, aselected group of equipments were extracted from the Persh.ng MTOE andgrouped as shown in Tables 7 and 8. Tables 9 and 10 were then preparedby an examination of the Pershing MTOE to determine the associated gradelevels of the personnel performing field level (Organizational andDirect Support) maintenance on the selected equipments listed in Tables7 and 8. The annual pay and allowances of the maintenance manpower asindicated in Tables 9 and 10 determines certain inputs to the logisticssupport cost analysis portion of the LOGAM program, namely the annualmanpower input cost factors:
CEMANCERMANCDMANCDRMAN
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Table 7. Radio Sets (Pershing MTOE)
MTOE Total
Equip.LIN No. Nomenclature Quantity Per BN
Q33089 Radio Set: AN/GRC-106 Truck Mtd -1 1/4 Ton 7
Q34158 Radio Set: AN/GRC-126 Utility Truck Mtd - 121 1/4 Ton Cargo
Q38335 Radio Set: AN/PRC-90 8
Q53001 Radio Set: AN/VRC-46 6
Q53926 Radio Set: AN/VRC-46 Truck Mtd - 1/4 Ton 27
Q53944 Radio Set: AN/VRC-46 Truck Mtd - 1 1/4 16Ton Utility
Q54618 Radio Set: AN/VRC-47 Truck Mtd 1/4 Ton 9
Q78282 Radio Set Control Group: AN GRA-39 27
Table 8. Trucks (Pershing MTOE)
Equip.LIN No. Nomenclature MTOE TotalQuantity Per BN
X39883 Truck Cargo: 1 1/4 Ton 4 x 4 W/E 52
X40009 Truck Cargo: 2 1/2 Ton 6 x 6 W/E 102
x40831 Truck Cargo: 5 Ton 6 x 6 LWB W/E 17
x41105 Truck Cargo: 5 Ton 6 x 6 LWB W/E 60
x41310 Truck Cargo: 5 Ton 8 x 8 W/E 22
x59505 Truck Tractor: 5 Ton 8 x 8 14/Winch tilE 47
x60833 Truck Utility: 1/4 Ton 4 x 4 W/E 47
X 477 Truck Van: Shop 2 1/2 Ton 6 x 6 14/WInch W/E 9
1299 Truck Wrecker: 5 Ton 6 x 6 W/Winch W/E 22
71
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Table 9. Example of LOGAM Input Array for MaintenanceManpower Costs When O&S Costs are Based onTOE Structure for Field Radios
Equip.LIN No. Annual Pay and Allowances and No. pf Manpower GradesMaintenance Equipmentfl)
$7500 $10469 $16759
El E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9
Q33089 X X
Q341 58 X X
Q38335 X X
Q53001 X X
Q53926 X X
Q53944 X X
Q54618 X X
Q78282 X X
(4) Field Level Maintenance - Organizational/Direct support input toLOGAM maintenance program is therefore $10469 for maintenance manpowerat the Equipment level of Direct Support
7
0
Table 10. Example of LOGAN Input Array for MaintenanceManpower Costs When O&S Costs are Based on TOEStructure for Trucks
Equip.LIN No. Annual Pay and Allowances and No. of Mnpower Grades
Maintenance Equipment (5)
$7500 $10469 $16759
El E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9
X39883 X X
X40009 X X X
X40831 X X X
X41105 X X
X41310 X X
X59505 x x
X60833 X X X
X62477 X X
X63299 X X X
(5) Field Level Maintenance -Organization/Direct Support input to LOGAMmaintenance program are therefore $8985 for maintenance manpower at theEquipment level or Direct Support for LINs X39883, X41105, X41310,X59505 and X62477 and $9479 for maintenance manpower at the Equipmentlevel or Direct Support for LINs X40009, X40831, X60833 and X63299.
73
Manpower costs for higher levels (General Support and Depot) must bedetermined from other sources in this example.
In Table 9, only E-4 and E-5 grades are shown performing fieldlevel maintenance for the deployed radio sets. The LOGAM manpower inputcost factors referred to above are, therefore $10469.
In Table 10, however, E-3, E-4 and E-5 grades are involved in theperformance of the field level maintenance of the various trucks asextracted from the Pershing MTOE. For the truck maintenance involvinggrades E-3 and E-4 only, a straight numerical average of the two annualpay and allowances or $8985 provides the required inputs to the LOGANprogram. For the truck maintenance involving grades E-3, E-4 and E-5, aweighted average based on one E-3 and twice the E-4/E-5 pay andallowances or
7500 + 2 x 10469 $9479
is used to arrive at the annual field manpower cost inputs for the LOGAMprogram.
To establish other LOGAM logistics maintenance inputs for theequipment under analysis, the equipments will be treated as LRUs and itis suggested that LRU data forms be completed prior to keypunching.Examples of these data forms are shown in Table 11.
5.4 INDIRECT PAY AND ALLOWANCES (3.013)
This cost element includes base pay and allowances for theatermilitary personnel who are not crew or maintenance personnel such asbatallion/company/division commander or other overhead/dedicated supportpersonnel. It includes the costs of persons in those units (batteries,platoons, sections, etc.) which exist only because of thesystem/organization being costed. The annual costs for IndirectPersonnel is obtained from data array made from a table such as Table 6.This includes both overhead and dedicated/support personnel and theproduct of their annual pay and allowances times the numbers ofapplicable personnel times the operational life cycle (years) to obtainthe total cost for Indirect Pay and Allowances (3.013) to be identifiedand included in the total O&M cost summation.
4 j5.5 PERMANENT CHANGE OF STATION COST (3.014)
Permament Change of Station Cost (PCS) relates to the cost ofreplacement personnel to and from overseas theaters and within CONUS.LOGAM recognizes that change of station factors and rates are differentfor enlisted personnel and officers and are not necessarily sensitive to? rade level. This then reduces to two cost estimating relationshipsCERs):
70
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• Input mnemonics and operational cost element definitions are givenlater in this Appendix.
5.6 POL COST (3.022)
POL cost CPOL includes the system costs associated with theconsumption of fuel and lubricants for a TOE line item (LIN). The CERfor each line item that uses POL is of the following form:
CPOL = QLIN * AULIN * RFU * CF * FOL * YR
The program will then accumulate the POL costs for all applicable lineitems for the system being costed. A hardware array is introduced hereto identify the LINs which use POL and the associated factors in theCPOL equation.
5.7 UNIT TRAINING, AMMUNITION AND MISSILES (3.023)
Unit training, ammunition and missiles includes the cost ofammunition and missiles comsumed by the system being costed during unittraining. Excluded is the cost of ammunition consumed during small armsqualification.
When dealing with ammunition, a CER of the following form applies:
CAMMO = (CATAM + CAIAM + CARSUA + CAAPLA) YR
In general when dealing with missiles, there are two types ofmissile firings that are costed:
ARTY-ORD firings - CARORDFollow-on Operational Test FOT firings - CFOT
and these result in two CERs as follows:
CARORD = (CATAO + CAMIAO + CARSUO + CACSAO + CAAPLO) * YR
CFOT = (CATFOT + CAPFOT + CAIFOT + CARSUF + CACSFO +CAAPLF) * YR
CATAO = CTEAO * FPYAO
CAMIAO(1) - (E of cost of installing instrumentation in each
missile stage/section) * FPYAO
CARSUO - (CGRSAO + CRUFAO) * FPYAO
(1 NOTE: Summation may be developed in computer programs as an inputhardware array.
79
CACSAO = CCSFAO * FPYAO
CATFOT = CTEFOT * FPYFOT
CAPFOT = COPFOT * FPYFOT
CAIFOT = (z of the cost of installing instrumentation ineach missile stage/section) * FPYFOT
CARSUF = (CGRSFO + CERUFO) * FPYFOT
CACSFO = CCSFOT * FPYFOT
5.8 MAINTENANCE CIVILIAN LABOR COST (3.051)
Generally, there will be civilian missile maintenance techniciansassociated with the cost of missile maintenance. This will be of anadvisory capacity over and above the cost of military maintenancemanpower at GS or Depot. To account for this, the former LOGAMproductivity factors will be increased prior to their selection asinputs for the maintenance manpower cost calculations. This operation,if applicable, will be performed outside the program and the inputseffected are the following:
TGMANTGRMANTDPMITDPMIITDPRITDPRII
5.9 OTHER DIRECT (3.052)i This element is a flexible category which can be defined to include
any direct operating and support cost not included elsewhere. An
example is civilian contractor maintenance for electric power for thesystem.
An equation of the following form will be added:
ODIR = CAOD * YR
5.10 PERSONNEL REPLACEMENT (3.061)
This element includes the cost of training replacements includingpay and allowances for trainees and instructors. Personnel replacementalso includes recruiting costs for enlisted personnel, costs ofin-processing and initial outfitting, and separation costs. Maintenanceenlisted personnel replacements are excluded since they are accountedfor in the maintenance cost analysis portion of LOGAM.
0
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LOGA4 recognizes differences between personnel replacement costsfor enlisted personnel and officers. LOGAM also permits differencesbetween crew enlisted personnel and other enlisted personnel which existonly because of the system being costed.
5.10.1 Crew and Other Overhead/Dedicated Enlisted PersonnelReplacement Costs - CCEPRC
The equation for enlisted personnel replacement cost is as follows:
CDEPRC = CEPRC + ODEPRC
In the following equations, the numbers of enlisted personnel CEP(number of crew enlisted personnel) and OEPLC (number of organizationalenlisted personnel less crew) are obtained from the data array made froma table such as Table 9 which, in turn, is based on the TOE beingevaluated.
CEPRC = CEP * ARCEP * CRCEP * YRODEPRC = OEPLC * AROEP * CROEP * YR
5.10.2 Personnel Replacement Cost for Officers/WarrantOfficers-RCO
The equation for officers/WOS replacement cost is as follows:
RCO = CORC + OORC
In the following equations, the number of oprational crew officers,OCO, and the number of organizational/overhead officers/WO less crewOOLC are obtained from the data array made from a table such as Table 9which, in turn, is based on the TOE being evaluated.
CORC = OCO * ARCOO * CRCOO * YROORC = OOLC * AROO * CRO0 * YR
5.11 TRANSIENTS, PATIENTS, PRISONERS COSTS - CTPP (3.062)
This element includes the pay and allowances for personnel added tothe AruW strength over and above the table of organization andequipment/table of distribution and allowances (TOE/TCA) spaces. Thisarises because on permament change of station between units a soldier isaccounted for as a transient. Similar accounting provides for long-termhospital cases and for prisoners comitted to the Retraining Brigade orthe Displinary Barracks. Included in CTPP are the following types ofpersonnel:
Annual cost for dedicated organizational personnel.Annual cost for maintenance personnel.Annual cost for crew personnel.
I
The total cost for TPP is the sum of these
CTPP (CTPPD + CTPP + CTPPC) YR
81
--- v -- ' • ..
where
CTPPD = (PADO * TPPFO) + (PADOEM * TPPFE)CTPPM = (PADOM * TPPFO) + (PADMEM + CMPT + YR) TPPFECTPPC = (PADOC * TPPFO) + (PACEM * TPPFE)
5.12 QUARTERS, MAINTENANCE AND UTILITIES - QMU (3.063)
This element includes the cost of maintenance and utilities forpersonnel living in Government owned quarters (family quarters, bacheloroffficers quarters/bachelor enlisted quarters (BOQ/BEQ), and barracks).The CER for this cost element is of the following form:
CQMU = CQMUO + CQMUE
where
CQMUO = QO * ACQMUO * YRCQMUE = (TNEM + CMPT + YR) * ACQMUE * YR
5.13 MEDICAL SUPPORT COST - SCM (3.064)
This element includes the variable cost of medical and dentalsupport rendered to military personnel. The CER for this cost elementis of the following form:
SCM = (QO + QEPD + QEPM) * AMSC * YR
5.14 OTHER INDIRECT COST - OIC (3.065)
This element is a flexible category which can be defined to includeany indirect operating and support costs not included elsewhere. Suchcosts will differ from system to system. This element Includes the costof general supplies to the force units which exist solely because of thesystem being costed. Thi' -lement also includes any identifiabletransportation cost (other i,.an to and from Depot maintenance), such asspecial transportation of tracked vehicles to and from training areasand transportation of repair parts, secondary items, POL and ammunition.The cost of Program Offices or Product Improvement Offices if they existis also included here. The cost of ammunition for small armsqualification is included. An equation of the following form isincluded to accommodate the operational OIC cost element:
OIC = AOIC * YR
5.15 OPERATIONAL AND SUPPORT COST SUMMATIONS
All operational cost elements discussed in the previous paragraphsof this section are tallied separately and included in the LOGAN outputformat as the summation of all oprational costs.
Support (maintenance) costs are provided in an output formatsimilar to LOCAM 5.
82
,. i I [ B . ..
Finally the operational and support cost are summed to produce thegrand total 0 and S costs as estimated by the application of the LOGAMprogram.
5.16 THE POST PROCESSOR
After all processing of the maintenance data is complete (and thepresence of the NU = -4 is recognized) the program examines the value ofthe input IOPER. If the value of this input is 1 the program calls uponthe subroutine OPER to compute the operational costs of the theaterbeing examined. Note that this mode of operation is valid only when asingle theater is being examined since the costs and manpower valuescomputed by LOGAM for the theater must be available to thepostprocessor.
In addition to the values computed by LOGAM the postprocessorrequires additional inputs. These inputs also will be in the form of aNAMELIST, but no mnemonics are required. Rather, the first cardidentifies the data as before with a &TOE in columns 2 through 5. Thefollowing card identifies only the first variable of this list. Theinputs on each card must be 10 with zeros used as inputs where thevariable is not to be used. The second card of the deck has a string of10 numbers such as: T = 1.,O.,5.,1.,O.,O.,O.,O.,O.,60000.,
The "T=" appears only on the first data card. The meaning of eachvalue is determined by the position of the input in the string and thevalues of the first (and in some cases the second) item in the string ofinputs of each card. In the above example the initial 1. valueidentifies the following data to be extracted from the table oforganization as shown in Table 12.
The possible inputs and the sequence in which they must bepresented to the program are as follows:
Value of Meaning Of The Following DataFirst Second Presented On The Same Card
1 N/A Personnel date from the TOE2 1 Per-innel cost multipliers, list 12 2 Personnel cost multipliers, list 22 3 Personnel cost multipliers, list 33 N/A Equipment/Fuel usage data4 N/A Ammunition usage data5 N/A Instruments/Missiles6 1 Arty/Ord inputs6 2 Follow-on training inputs7 N/A Signals the end of the inputs to the post-
processor and the beginning of computation
8 N/A Causes results to be printed
83
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AD-A13 801 LGAM (LOGISTIC ANALYSIS MODEL) VOLUME 2 USERS MANUALA SPARTA INC HUN TSV AL AUG 82USAMICOM-DA-SR-D-82-2-VOL-2 DAAHOI-82-P-0886
UNCEASSIFIED FG 9/2 NLEllmlllllllluIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIEEIIIIEEEIIEEIEIIIIIIEIIIIEIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
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The actual end of the input deck is denoted as with all NAMELISTinputs by a &END in columns 2 through 5 of the last card. Thepostprocessor computes all of the personnel related costs, petroleum,oil and lubricants costs, unit training costs, and adds the maintenancerelated costs to arrive at a predictable operating and support costtotal.
The O&S cost information is listed in a printout in accordance withTable 2-1 of DA PAM 11-4. Ref. I, Table 12 Explanation of mnemonicsmeanirg and use.
Ref. I, Table 12 Explanation of Mnemonics meaning and use.
The Mnemonics used in Table 12 are for reference only. They are not tobe used in inputting data to the postprocessor. Rather, they refer onlyto this list for the meaning of the field.
CARD
TO BE IDENTENTERED FIELD I
MNEMONIC NAME MEANING OF THE INPUT IN FIELD /FIELD II
AMSC Average annual $/person medical V 2/3support
ACQMUE Ave. annual $/enlisted man X 2/2for quarters
ACQMUO $/Yr./Officer or warrant/quarters IX 2/2
AOIC $/Yr. other indirect cost X 2/1
ARCEP Attrition rate/Yr./enlisted crew VI 2/1
ARCOO Attritrion rate/Yr./officers crew III 2/2
AROEP Attrition rate/Yr./Organization VIII 2/1enlisted
AROO Attrition rate/Yr./Organization V 2/2and overhead officers
AULIN Annual usage of the TOE LIN that IV 3/uses POt in operating hours perLIN per year.
CAAPLA $/Yr. for A.P.L data takers/BN. V 4/assoc. with firings. (Ammo.)
CAAPLF $/Yr. for A.P.L data takers/BN. IV 6/2assoc. with follow-on trainingfirings
85
CAAPLO $/Yr. for A.P.L data takers/BN. IV 6/1assoc. with firings (ARTY-ORDfirings)
CAIAM $/Yr. associated with ammo III 4/firings for unit training
CARSUA $/Yr. for range support assoc. IV 4/
with amo firings
CATAM $/Yr. for ammunition transport II 4/
CCSFAO $/Yr. for contractor support Vii 6/1for ARTY/ORC firings
CCSFOT $/Yr. for contractor support VIl 6/2for follow-on training firings
CERUFO $/Yr. use of eastern range for VI 6/2follow-on test firings
CF Cost of fuel in $/gal. Appears VI 3/in same line (card or group of 10as other inputs related to samedevice or vehicle)
CGRSAO Cost ($) per ARTY/ORD firing for V 6/1range support.
CGRSFO Cost ($) per FOT firing for range V 6/2support.
COPFOT Cost ($) per FOT firing for over- VIII 6/2seas preparation of missile
CRCEP Replacement cost for a crew enlisted VII 2/1man including training.
CRCOO Replacement cost per crew officer/ IV 2/2warrant including training
CROEP Replacement cost per organizational IX 2/1enlisted man including training
CR0 Replacement cost per organizational VI 2/2
officer/WO including training
CRUFAO Cost of range use per ARTY-ORD VI 6/1firing
CTEAO Cost of transport per ARTY-ORD 111 6/1firing 7
86
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CTEFOT Transportation cost per FOT II 6/2firing
EPCSC Permanent change of station IV 2/1cost per enlisted man
EPCSR Rate of enlisted permanent Ill 2/1change of station (times/yr.)
CREW Indication of assignment of VII 1/individual represented by theline (card) to the crew. A"1.1 value means "crew", a "0."
means other assignment.
DED. A "1." means individual(s) is VI 1/dedicated, a "0." means notdedicated.
FOL Fractional increase over fuel VII 3/use to allow for oil and lube.
FPYAO No. of ARTY-ORD firings/yr. X 6/1for this organization.
FPYFOT No. of FOT firings/yr. for x 6/2this organization
MAINT A "1." indicated individual IX 1/is assigned to maintenancefunction, a "0." indicatesotherwise.
$/Yr. Pay and allowances per man per x 1/year for personnel representedby this line.
SUPT A "1." indicates individual VIII 1/is assigned to the support.
QYT The number of people represented II 1/
4 by this line.
OFF/EM A "0." indicates line represents II 1/an officer or warrant officer, a"I." represents enlisted personnel.
GRADE A numerical (real number) represent- IV 1/ation of the grade of the peoplerepresented by the line (.5represents warrant officer).
87
-" '- j " -. 2
OPCSC Permanent change of station IV 2/3cost per officer/WO.
OPCSR Rate (no. per yr.) of change of III 2/3station for officers/WO
QLIN The quantity of the TOE line X 3/Item using the fuel
RFU Rate (gal. per hr.) of usage V 3/of the fuel by each of thedevices using the fuel andrepresented by the entry.
• This entry (entries) provides a II
means of specifying the thru 5/instrumentation costs incurred xin firing a missile. Nineentries are possible. They willbe added by the program. Theline represents a type of missile.
LIN# This provides an opportunity III 3/to enter a number identifying theline item of the TOE.
OH A "1." indicates that the V 1/people identified by the entryare to be considered as over-head. A "0." indicates otherwise.
CAOD $/Yr. for other direct costs V 2/1of the organization.
TPPFE Transients, patients and VIII 2/2prisoners factor for enlistedmen. Used to increase cost onbasis of pay and allowances.A fraction
TPPFO Transients, patients and VII 2/2prisoners factor for officers.
C
88-, Ir U0
.... i Il
OPERATING COST ELEMENT DEFINITIONS
ACQ(MUE Average annual cost per enlisted men for QMU.
ACQMUO Average annual cost per officer/WO for QMU.
AMSC Average annual medical support cost per man.
AOIC Annual other indirect cost.
ARCEP Average annual attrition rate for crew enlistedpersonnel.
ARCOO Average annual attrition rate for oprating crewofficers/WOs.
AROEP Average annual attrition rate for organizational enlistedpersonnel.
AROO Average annual attrition rate for organizational/overheadofficers/WOs.
AULIN Annual usage of the TOE LIN that used POL in operatinghours per LIN per year.
CAAPLA Annual cost of APL (1) data takers per BN(2 ) associatedwith firings for unit training.
CAAPLF Annual cost of APL data takers per BN for FOT (3 ) firings.
CAAPLO Annual cost of APL data takers per BN for ARTY-ORDfirings.
CACSAO Annual cost of contractor support for ARTY-ORD firings.
* CACSFO Annual cost of contractor support for FOT firings.
CAIAM Annual instrumentation costs associated with amlunitionfirings for unit training.
CAIFOT (4 ) Annual cost of missile instrumentation per FOT firing(E of the cost of installing instrumentation in eachmissile stage/section) * FPYFOT
1) APL Applied Physics Lab.(2) BN Implies any level 1 organization or system being costed.3 FOT Follow-on training.4) Sunmation can be input to program as special hardware array.
89
Sa- i i.
1~
CAIAO(4 ) Annual missile instrumentation installation cost perARTY-ORD firing - (E of the cost of Installinginstrumentation in each missile stage/section) * FPYAO.
CAM4O Operational life cycle cost for ammunition for the level
1 organization being costed.
CAOD Annual other direct costs per level 1 organization.
CAPFOT Annual cost of overseas preparation for FOT firings.
CARORD Operational life cycle cost of Artillery-Ordnance(ARTY-ORD) firings per level 1 organization.
CARSUA Annual cost of range support/usage associated withammunition firings for unit training.
CARSUF Annual cost of range support/usage for FOT firings.
CARSUO Annual cost for range support/usage for ARTY-ORD firings.
CATAM Annual transportation cost for ammunition for the level 1organization under evaluation.
CATAO Annual transportation cost for ARTY-ORD firings per BN(level 1 organization).
CATFOT Annual transportation cost for FOT firings per level 1organization.
CDEPRC Crew and other overhead/dedicated enlisted personneloperating life cycle replacement costs.
CCSFAO Cost of contractor support per ARTY-ORD firing.
CCSFOT Cost of contractor support per FOT firing.
CEP Total number of crew enlisted personnel from TOEpersonnel allowance data.
CEPRC Crew enlisted personnel operating life cycle replacementcosts.
CERUFO Cost of Eastern range usage per FOT firing.
CF Cost of fuel, $ per gallon.
CGRSAO Cost of Government range support per ARTY-ORD firing.
CGRSFO Cost of Government range support per FOT firing.
90
- p
CMPT An output from the logistics support cost portion of theLOGAM program. It is the operational life cycle cost ofall maintenance test and repair personnel includingassociated training costs.
COPFOT Overseas preparation cost per FOT firing.
CORC Operating life cycle replacement costs for officers/WOsassigned to crew.
CPOL Operating life cycle costs for POL for all line items(LINs) that use POL in the system being costed.
CQMU Cost of maintenance and utilities for personnel living inGovernment owned quarters.
CQMUE CQMU for enlisted men.
CQMUO CQMU for officers/WOs.
CRCEP Averag'e replacement cost per crew enlisted man includingaverage training cost.
CRCOO Average replacement cost per crew officer/WO includingaverage training cost.
CROEP Average replacement cost per organizational enlisted manincluding average training cost.
CR0 Average replacement cost per orgaMizational/overheadofficer/WO including average training cost.
CRUFAO Cost of range usage per ARTY-ORD firing.
CTEAO Cost of transportation for each ARTYORD firing.
CETFO Transportation cost for each FOT firing.
CTPP Operational life cycle transients, patients and prisonerscosts.
CTPPC Annual transients, patients and prisoners cost for allcrew personnel.
CTPPD Annual transients, patients and prisoners cost for alloverhead/dedicated organizational personnel.
CTPPM Annual transients, patients and prisoners cost for allmaintenance personnel.
EPCSC Enlisted personnel PCS cost per man.
EPCSR Enlisted personnel annual PCS rate.
91
FOL Factor to determine the amount of oil and lubricants usedin relation to the fuel usage. This factor is introducedto account for the cost of oil and lubricants in additionto fuel. It is of the form:
1 + a fraction
where the fraction is introduced to adjust the POL costsin proportion to annual usage of fuel.
FPYAO Number of ARTY-ORD firings per year per level 1
organization.
FPYFOT Number of FOT firings per year per level 1 organization.
OCO Total number of operating crew officers/WOs from TOEpersonnel allowance data.
ODIR Operating life cycle other direct costs.
ODEPRC Organizational overhead/dedicated enlisted personneloperating life cycle replacement cost.
OEPLC Total number of organizational enlisted personnel lesscrew and maintenance personnel from TOE personnelallowance data.
OIC Operating life cycle other indirect cost element.
OOLC Total number of operating officers/WOs less crew from TOEpersonnel allowance data.
OORC Operating life cycle replacement costs fororganizational/overhead officers/WOs less crew.
OPCSC Officer/warrant officer PCS cost per man.
OPCSR Officers/warrant officers annual PCS rate.
PACEM Total annual pay and allowance for all crew enlisted men.To be obtained from TOE personnel pay and allowancedata.
PADMEN Total annual pay and allowance for all overhead/dedicatedmaintenance enlisted man. To be obtained from TOEpersonnel pay and allowance data.
PADO Total annual pay and allowance for dedicatedorganizational/overhead officers/WOs less crew andmaintenance officers. To be obtained from TOE personnelpay and allowance data.
92
t I
PADOC Total annual pay and allowance for all dedicated/overheadofficers assigned to the crew. To be obtrained from TOEpersonnel pay and allowance data.
PADOEM Total annual pay and allowance for all overhead/dedicatedorganizational enlisted man. To be obtained from TOEpersonnel pay and allowance data.
PADOM Total annual pay and allowance for all dedicated/overheadmaintenance officers/WOs. To be obtained from TOEpersonnel pay and allowance data.
PCS Operating life cycle permanent change of station cost.
PCSE Operating life cycle permanent change of station cost forenlisted men.
PCSO Operating life cycle permanent change of station cost forofficers/WOs.
QEPD (5 ) Number of enlisted personnel (including overhead,dedicated plus crew) in the TOE organization underevaluation excluding enlisted maintenance personnel.
QEPM(6 ) Number of field level enlisted maintenance personnel asdetermined by LOGAM logistics support calculations fornumber of test and repair men.
QLIN Quality of a specific TOE line item (LIN) that uses POLas determined by the TOE equipment allowance.
QO (7 ) Number of officers/warrant officers in the TOEorganization under evaluation.
RCO Operating life cycle personnel replacement cost forofficers/WOs.
RFU Rate of fuel usage per operating hour, gal per hour.
(5) All overhead, dedicated and crew enlisted personnel from data basedTOE organization.
(6) QPEM = PERS (1,1) + PERS (2,1) + PERS (2,2) + PERS (3,1) + PERS(3,2).
(7) Obtained from sort of all officers/warrant officers from data basedon TOE organization.
93
--. I.... ,:' a :
iI
(I
(1TNEM Total number of dedicated/overhead enlisted man excluding
maintenance in the organization under evaluation. To beobtained from TOE personnel allowance data.
TPPFE Transients, patients, prisoners factor for enlisted men.
TPPFO Transients, patients, prisoners factor for officers.
YR Number of years in 0 and S phase.
I
0
SECTION 6
SENSITIVITY TESTING
When a tray of cards punched with a set of input data has been run
as a baseline case, it is often desirable to be able to rerun the entiretray with selected changes in certain of the input variables. Tofacilitate this, the program writes a copy of the input data to a memorydevice during the baseline run. Subsequently, these data may beretrieved, edited, and rerun. These reruns of the input tray based onselected editing are referred to as sensitivity runs.
6.1 Sensitivity Input Array
One of the elements of the input NAMELIST/L/ is an array namedSENSY. Values input to this array are used to direct the conduct ofsensitivity runs. The array SENSY, stored in common block SENS, hasDimension 266. Entries into these 266 storage locations perform thefollowing functions:
a) Specify the number of input variables whose valuesare to be edited during the sensitivity runs.
b) Specify the number of times the inputs are to havetheir values edited. (This specifies the number ofsensitivity runs).
c) Specify the rules to be used for the editing ofeach designated input.
d) Designate the inputs to be altered.
e) Furnish the numeric values to be used by the specifiedrules in the edition of the designated inputs.
6.1.1 First Element of the SENSY Array. The first element ofSENSY, i.e., SENSY(1), is used to accomplish Function (a) in Section4.1. A positive, real, whole number is entered to state the number ofinputs being tested. Within the program, this is called MODE. Thisprogram is currently written so that MODE may range from one to twelveinputs. More than twelve inputs results in an error message:
BAD SENSY
followed by a printout of the contents of array SENSY, the sensitivitytest is abandoned, and the program resumes as though it wero a new startafter completing sensitivity testing.
The exact value 0 is used to denote that sensitivity testing is offand the program is running baseline cases. This value exists at programstart by initialization in a BLOCK DATA subprogram. Thus, SENSY neednot be input to run the baseline case. Only after the completion of allthe work of a sensitivity run, SENSY(1), all elements of SENSY are resetto zero and no input is needed to resume analysis of baseline cases.
A 95
Negative values in SENSY(1) will run SENSY with unpredictable results.Negative values should not be entered for SENSY(1).
6.1.2 Second Element of the SENSY Array. The second element ofSENSY, i.e., SENSY(2), is used to carry out Function (b) given inSection 6.1. A positive, real, whole number is entered to stipulate thenumber of sensitivity runs. This is known as NPASS within the program.Due to the limitations of the dimensionality of SENSY, there is a limitto the number of passes that can be made by one loading of SENSY. Thenumber depends on MODE. Table 13 lists the limits on NPASS for thetwelve possible values of MODE.
Table 13. LIMITS ON SENSY(2)
MODE NPASS LIMIT
1 2622 1303 864 645 506 427 358 319 27
10 2411 2212 20
The remaining elements of SENSY are furnished as ordered sets ofsize MODE. Thus, if only one input is being tested, the set size isone; if two, the size is two, etc. up to the limit of twelve per setwhen MODE is 12.
6.1.3 Third Element of the SENSY Array. Function (c) in Section6.1 is the specification of the edited rules. This is accomplished byfurnishing a set of positive, real, whole numbers. There is one rulenumber in the set for each of the MODE variables to be varied. Thepermissible rule number and effects are the following:
Rule Number Effect
1. Assign2. Add3. Subtract4. Multiply5. Divide
If any other value is used, an error message will be written as follows:
ILLEGAL RULE KRULE = X
giving the sequence of the rule. That input will not be altered and the ("program will continue. Later sets of entries in SENSY contain values to
96
!*bIl
be used with these rules. Thus, for Rule 1, the value furnished is usedinstead of the value in the baseline data. Rules 2, 3, 4, and 5 takethe value given in SENSY and combine it with the baseline value toobtain a new value using addition, subtraction, multiplication, ordivision as specified.
Within the program, the set of rules is stored in array NRULE, ofDimension 12. Should Rule 5 ever encounter the value zero in SENSY, theerror message
ATTEMPTED DIVIDE ERROR INDEX = X
will be written where X will be the sequence number in the SENSY array.The program will continue using the baseline value for that variable.
Thus, with MODE in SENSY(1), NPASS in SENSY(2), the set of MODErules are entered in sensy(3) to SENSY (MODE + 2).
6.1.4 Designation of the Variables to be Tested. In thedesignation of the variables for sensitivity testing, the program isstructured to reference them by their numbered positional location incommon block INPUT rather than by name. The numbered sequence foraddressing LOGAM inputs to be sensitivity tested is given in Table 14.The listing shown is alphabetically and numerically sequenced for LOGAMexcept for three inputs at the end. Thus, to refer to input E, the LRUfailure rate, the number to be entered in SENSY is 81. The referencenumbers are to be entered as positive real whole numbers. Should avalue other than those in the table be entered an error message will beentered as follows:
ILLEGAL VARIABLE ADDRESSED = M
where M is the illegal number. The program will continue and novariable wil be altered for that bad vlue.
Thus, to carry out Function (d) in Section 6.1, an altered set ofMODE variable numbers is entered into SENSY (2 + MODE + 1) through SENSY(2 + MODE + MODE). These are stored in the program array NVAR, ofDimension 12.
6.1.5 Designation of the New Values for the Inputs. The remainingportion of SENSY is used to enter NPASS sets of MODE elements to carryout Function (e) in Section 6.1, i.e., supply the values to be used toalter each variable designated, according to the rule, for each pass.Thus, to recapitulate:
SENSY(1) MODE Number of inputs to be tested
SENSY(2) NPASS Number of Runs or Passes
97
AF .€ i'e .- x.
Table 14. SEQUENTIAL LISTING OF INPUTS BY SENSY(Giving FORTRAN Name of Input and CorrespondingSENSY Designation Number)
ARA 1 CPI 52 FN 103 SUE 154 WD 205 TAYZ(7) 256AYZP 2 CPII 53 FNGF 104 SUI 155 WI 206 TAYZ(8) 257CAD 3 CPP 54 FSA 105 SUO 156 WDR 207 TAYZ(9) 258CALMAN 4 CPUBII 55 FSA 106 SVE 157 WE 208 TAYZ(1O) 259CALPUB 5 CRI 56 FTI 107 SVR 158 WEM 209 ZM(I) 260CALSET 6 CRII 57 FTII 108 SVT 159 WER 210 ZM(2) 261CCAL 7 CRM 58 FTM 109 SVV 160 WI 211 ZM(3) 262CCALP 8 CRP 59 FTP 110 TALMAN 161 WIM 212 ZM(4) 263CCALR 9 CRU 60 FTU 111 TATE 162 WIR 213 ZP(1) 264CCSP 10 CSDEP 61 FUD 112 TC 163 WM 214 ZP(2) 265CCSPP 11 CSDSU 62 FUE 113 TD 164 WO 215 ZP(3) 266CCSPR 12 CSESU 63 FUI 114 TDI 165 WON 216 ZU(1) 267CDDI 13 CSGSU 64 FUO 115 TDMAN 166 WOR 217 ZU(2) 268CDEO 14 CTCPUB 65 HPM 116 TDMW 167 WP 218 ZU(3) 269CDFD 15 CTRA 66 HPP 117 TDPMI 168 WTKIT 219 ZU(4) 270CDID 16 CTRCAL 67 HPU 118 TDPMII 169 WU 220 STAT 271CDIO 17 CTRI 68 OD 119 TDPRI 170 YAT 221 DTE 272CIST 18 CTRII 69 ODS 120 TDPRII 171 YD 222 DTO 273CDMAN 19 CTRSPT 70 PTF 121 TDR 172 YMWO 223 DTI 274CDOE 20 CUBEM 71 P 122 TDRMAN 173 YP 224 REO 320CDOI 21 CUBEP 72 PMR 123 TE 174 YR 225 ARAD 321CDPMAN 22 CUBEU 73 PP 124 TER 175 YZ 226 CTRAD 322CDPRMN 23 CUCE 74 PRP 125 TEMAN 176 ZFL 227 TENMAN 325CDRMAN 24 CUP 75 PUR 126 TERMAN 177 ZI 228CEMAN 25 DAOQL 76 MM 127 TEO 178 ZO 229CEN 26 00 77 QMP 128 TF 179 H(I) 230CEND 27 DDS 78 QMU 129 TFR 180 H(2) 231CERMAN 28 DI 79 QTD 130 TGMAN 181 H(3) 232CFTD 29 DIS 80 QTE 131 TGRMAN 182 H(4) 233CGMAN 30 E 81 QTI 132 TI 183 OL(1) 234CGR IAN 31 ED 82 QTMD 133 TID 184 OL(2) 235CI 32 EDS 83 QTME 134 TIWA 185 OL(3) 236CII 33 EE 84 QTMI 135 TIO 186 OL(4) 237CKIT 34 EVDM 85 QTMO 136 TIR 187 OST(1) 238CKMD 35 EVDR 86 QTO 137 TMD 188 OST(2) 239CKME 36 EVDT 87 QTPD 138 TMDO 189 OST(3) 240CKMI 37 EVEM 88 QTPI 139 TMDR 190 OST(4) 241CKMO 38 EVER 89 QTPO 140 TMI 191 SL(1) 242CKPD 39 EVET 90 RDD 141 TMID 192 SL(2) 243CKPI 40 EVIM 91 REPEAT 142 ThIR 193 SL(3) 244CKPO 41 EVIR 92 RID 143 TMO 194 SL(4) 245CKUD 42 EVIT 93 ROI 144 TMOD 195 TAT(1) 246CKUE 43 EVOM 94 SMD 145 TMOR 196 TAT(2) 247CKUI 44 EVOR 95 SME 146 TOE 197 TAT(3) 248CKUO 45 EVOT 96 SMF 147 TOI 198 TAT(4) 249CLRUPG 46 Fl 97 SMI 148 TOMW 199 TAYZ(I) 250CMODPG 47 FIT 98 SMO 149 TONMAN 200 TAYZ(2) 251CMP 48 FINT 99 SPE 150 TRC 201 TAYZ(3) 252CONMAN 49 FMD 100 SPEV 151 TUMD 202 TAYZ(4) 253CONTCT 50 FMI 101 SPEVR 152 TUMI 203 TAYZ(5) 254CPE 51 FMO 102 SUD 153 TUMO 204 TAYZ(6) 255
98
SENSY(3) to MODE + 2 NRULE Set of Rules for Editing
SENSY ((MODE + 3) to(MODE + MODE + 2)] NVAR Designation of Input Variables
SENSY J(MODE + MODE +3)to (MODE + MODE +
MODE + 2)] First Set of Values
and so forth.
6.2 Example of NA4ELIST Inputs for Typical Sensitivity Run
If it is desired to investigate the simultaneous variation offailure rate and false no-go fraction, a typical set of values would beas follows:
MODE = 2.
To run three sets of data:
NPASS = 3.
The input designators, from Table 14 are
E 81FNGF 104
In the baseline run, if FNGF was 0.2 for all LRUs and it is desired torun 0., 0.4, and 0.6, for all LRUs, then Rule 1 is used and 0., 0.4, and0.6 are assigned at the first, second, and third pass, respectively.
For the failure rate E, all LRUs have different values. Rule I isnot useful as there is no desire to assign the same failure rate to eachLRU. More commonly, it is desirable to run multiples of the baseline.Thus, Rule 4 is useful. If no change is desired for the first pass,then the value 1 is used. (This will show the effect of FNGF = 0,without changing E). If for second and third passes, simultaneouslywith the doubling and tripling of the false no-go fraction, it isdesired to increase the failure rate by factors of 5 and 10, then values5 and 10 are used.
Then, the input punched for input via NAMELIST/L/ will have the
following appearance:I MODE. 2 VARIALES E UMED
[NPASS, 3 SETS OF DATA Jj 0w
SEISY -. 0, 3.0. 4.0, 1.0. 81.0. 104.0, 1.0, 0.0, 50. .4. 10.0 6. 2S4x0.0,
IVALUES BY FAC E . 5X I lOXIF E FUOF BASE- I BASE-
REPLACE FGF VALUEJ LIE I LINEWiTH NEW VALUE VALUE VALUE
FMIP - 0.4 FNGF - 0.5
99
1(~ --1* .
The program will run each pass specified by SENSY. (The baselinedata store is "rewound" each time and at the end. The stored baselinedata are NOT ALTERED). After the last pass, control returns to theprogram and execution continues looking for new input data. At thispoint, another SENSY may be entered and the same saved baseline datawill be further sensitivity tested.
If another SENSY is not entered, then new baseline cases may beentered. In such a case, the old saved baseline data are destroyed andthe new set is saved. At this point, a control may be entered to stopthe program.
Program flow to effect sensitivity control is contained in thedetailed LOGAM flow diagram shown previously in Section 3. Table 15shows a worksheet that is convenient for use in preparing sensitivityinput data.
6.3 Sensitivity Testing Specification
Included at the end of Appendix C is a sensitivity NAMELIST inputdata set that was run with the baseline USAREUR and CONUS data set. Asshown, the input cards for sensitivity testing are placed after thefinal LRU data set. To use the sensitivity test feature of LOGAM, atleast three cards must be punched. The first two are generally used asheader cards to identify certain factors pertaining to the particularsensitivity run set. The third (and subsequent cards if required - theexact number depending on number of variables and passes to run) is theinput array in the NAMELIST format as discussed in Section 6.2.
6.3.1 Sensitivity Output. Along with the SENSY array, the controlINHIB may be used to suppress the individual LRU printout. If INHIB = 1is used, the output page for the final LRU and the total page only willbe printed. If the control INHIB is not activated, the output printoutcontains the same number of pages as the USAREUR and CONUS baselineresults. These printouts, however, will show the results for the newvalues of the inputs as controlled by the rules contained in the SENSYNAMELIST array.
The printout of output on totals pages will always be preceded by aprintout of the new values of the inputs identified by the designation
number given in Table 14. Thus, the new value of the input/inputsassigned by activating the sensitivity test feature of LOGAM is alwaysdocumented.
6.4 The Versatility Provided by the Built-in Sensitivity TestFeature
The suggested sensitivity parameters and examples shown in Section7 indicate the versatility of LOGAM. The sensitivity test featurerepresents a powerful tool for the evaluation of logistic supportalternatives. Almost any input variable or combination of inputs can bevaried through any range of values during any computer run. The use of
100
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101
the technique makes it possible to evaluate multiple effects onlogistics cost and effectiveness very rapidly through the application ofa carefully planned run set.
102102
• '. i~~ e . -,'' "
SECTION 7
PROGRAM OUTPUT AND RESULTS REPORTING
7.1 Program Output
LOGAM provides printouts of eight types:
a) LRU costs.b) Supplemental LRU output for maintenance policies GC, GI,
GJ, GK.c) Case totals (could be subsystem totals).d) System maintenance support cost.e) Individual cost categories from LOGAM added to Pam
Break-Out.f) Individual LRU totals for two or more scenarios.g) Grand totals.h) System maintenance support cost.
Printouts (a) and (c) are also modified slightly when thesensitivity option is used. These two printouts then indicate the factthat sensitivity was employed by additionally printing the inputvariables selected with their respective input sensitivity values. Thissection explains the eight output printout types via examples andillustrates some ways the printed results data may be displayedgraphically.
7.1.1 LRU Printout. The individual component or LRU printout isshown in Figures 10 and 11. Figure 10 is for an LRU where the servicechannel data is not tallied; Figure 11 shows the result when theappropriate tally flags are input as unity. (Appendix B glossarycontains explanation of tally controls ETI, ETII.) The main differencebetween the two outputs is that Figure 10 includes test equipment andmaintenance manpower cumulative information that has accrued since thelast tally was taken. In this instance, a tally is taken for Type Itest equipment by inputting ETI=1. with the other LRU input data. Inaddition to cost data, the printout shows quantities of units, modules,and parts. The module and part data are per module and part type. Testequipment and repair channel data show the fraction of real time thatthe service channel is utilized. EACH refers to the individual LRUwhile CUM refers to the cumulative utilization since the last tally wastaken. Also shown in the upper right hand portion of the output pagesare the operational and inherent availabilities for the individual LRU.
7.1.2 Supplemental LRU Printout. The supplemental LRU page(Figure 11A) is printed for each LRU when either policy GC, GI, GJ or GKis involved. The page follows immediately after the primary individualLRU output page. Its contents are discussed later in this section.
7.1.3 Cost Totals Output Printout. Figure 12 shows a sample LOGAN* totals summary printout. The header information is the same as for the
preceding individual LRU pages (Figure 11). The Grand Total Costpresented in the upper left portion of Figure 12 lists the top level
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cost items in the Grand Total Cost summation. These items have beenformulated in four distinct time phases:
a) Development.b) Acquisition.c) Operation and Maintenance.d) End of Program Salvage.
The equations used in each time phase calculation and the GrandTotal cumulation follow:
a) Development:
CD = CED + CTSD + CTSOFT
where CED is prime equipment, CTSD test equipment, and CTSOFT is thecost of technical data or programming.
b) Acquisition:
CP = CEP + CTSP + CIVP + CSAP + CMPPY
where CEP is prime equipment, CTSP is test equipment, CIVP is initialmaterial allowance, CSAP is entry of items for supply administration,and CMPPY is nonrecurring training costs.
c) Operation and Maintenance:
CR = CTSR + CFR + CMPR + CMPRR + CIVR + CROR + CWHR + CSAR+ CSHR + CSVR
where CTSR is test equipment support, CFR is test equipment space atDepot, CMPR is maintenance manpower, CMPRR is repair manpower, CIVR ismaterial consumption, CROR is reordering, CWHR is material storage, CSARis ongoing supply administration, CSHR is shipping and handling, andCSVR is salvage on consumed material.
d) End or Program Salvage:
CS = CEV + CTSV + CIVV
where CEV is salvage on installed equipments, CTSV is salvage on testequipment, and CIVV is salvage on residual inventory.
The Grand Total Cost is computed as GCT = CD + CP + CR + CS thesum of the four time phased costs.
Following the heading on Figure 12, costs are broken down in fourdifferent ways:
a) Grand total cost elements.b Recurring (O&M) cost elements.
Initial provisioning cost elements.d) Present value cost elements. 4
108
!f
First on the left side of the Figure 12, the following breakdown isgiven:
a) Installed Equipment: The cost to develop and procure thefielded prime equipment less salvage (this cost was notincluded in the run on which Figure 12 is based.
b) Test Equipment: The sum of the costs for test equipmentdevelopment, test equipment procurement, test equipmentmaintenance, and test programs or documentation less salvage.
c) Test Equipment Space: The charges for the space and utilitiesrequired by the test equipment.
d) Maintenance Manpower: The cost for all maintenance manpowerfor Field and Depot test and repair including their trainingand other special manpower costs for calibration and fieldcontact teams at the equipment level, if applicable.
e) Supply Material: The cost of initial provisioning of units,modules, and parts plus the cost for supplies consumed duringthe O&M phase less salvage value of residual inventory.
f) Reordering: The administrative costs for reordering units,modules, and parts throughout the life of the program.
g) Material Storage: The sum of all charges for storage ofunits, modules, and parts at the organizational, intermediate,or depot levels, if applicable.
h) Supply Administration: The sum of the costs to enter and keepall unique items in the inventory.
i) Shipping and Handling: The cost for shipping units, modules,and parts throughout the life of the program.
j) Grand Total Cost: The sum of all of the cost elements givenpreviously.
The entry RECURRING COSTS at the upper right-hand portion of Figure12 gives a breakdown of all recurring costs for operations after theequipment is fielded including the following:
a) Test equipment maintenance.b) Test equipment space/utilization charges.c) Manpower for operating test equipment plus repair manpower.d) Recurring training costs.e) Costs of consumed supplies.f) Reorder costs.g) Storage costs.h) Inventory management.i) Shipping Costs
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The entry COST OF INITIAL PROVISION lists the pipeline costs forunits, modules and parts. It also gives the sum of these costs.
The second entry on the left-hand side of Figure 13, under theheading PRESENT VALUE, can be used to show present values costs assumingsome yearly discount rate, if desired (definition for FINT in AppendixB). Present value costs are broken down as follows:
a) Development: The sum of prime equipment development, test- equipment including equipment for fault isolation,
calibration, and field test at the equipment level plussoftware or other documentation costs.
b) Acquisition: The sum of the costs for procurement of primeequipment, initial provision of units, modules, and parts, thenonrecurring training costs plus the cost to enter items inthe inventory.
c) Operation and Maintenance: The sum of the costs of "operationand maintenance" of the entry previously listed. This value,however, can be discounted.
d) End Life Salvage: Salvage credits taken for prime equipment,test equipment, and inventory items can be shown here.
e) Grand Total: This number is the same as the previous GrandTotal entry, unless the discounting feature is activated byinputting FINT $ 0.
LOGAM has the option to use dedicated or expected value (shared)test and repair manpower (definitions for expected value flags formanpower EVEM, EVOM, EVIM, EVDM, EVER, EVOR, EVIR, and EVDR in AppendixB). If dedicated manpower is selected, the program also computes theexpected value costs for all field manpower. The results of thiscomputation are printed out under the heading EXPECTED VALUE MANPOWER ATDIRECT AND GENERAL in the lower portion of Figure 13. The program alsocomputes the cost differential (depending on what was input for theexpected value flags) between dedicating the manpower and sharing the
" manpower and produces the output called DELTA. The object of the DELTAcomputation is to display the cost penalty of dedicated manpower in thefield as opposed to shared manpower in the field.
The availability products are also shown for all the LRUs that areconsidered to operate as functional systems. Both the operational CAYZand inherent CAYZI availability products are printed out.
Finally, the program computes and prints out the test equipment andrepair channel utilization data. These results are for all equipment,DS, GS, and Depot locations. They sunmarize the test and repair channelutilization in hours per day and the number of men required to performthe maintenance functions.
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7.1.4 System Maintenance Support Cost Printout. Figure 14 printsthe results of LOGAM in the format of the Army Life Cycle Cost Matrix asprinted in DA Pamphlet 11-4. All categories are self-explanatory withexception of element 2:11 (Other) which is test equipment acquisitioncosts.
7.1.5 Individual Cost Categories from LOGAM added to PamBreak-Out. In Figure 15 the first line is operational Availability(CAYZ). The second line is Inherent Availability (CAYZI). For bothlines the first value is the system availability, the second value isthe first subsystem availability, the third value is the secondsubsystem availability and etc. up to ten values. The other printoutson this page are self explanatory.
7.1.6 Summary LRU Cost Totals. LOGAM also provides theversatility to sum up and print out the LCC for two or more theaters ofoperation on an individual LRU basis (discussion of header cards inSection 4.3). Figure 13 shows the format for a summary LRU cost TOTALprintout.
7.1.7 GRAND TOTAL Printout. The LOGAM program also prints out aGRAND TOTALS printout when called for which is essentially in the sameformat as Figure 12. This GRAND TOTALS is activated when the control NU= -3 is input and serves the purpose to summarize the summation of theLCC for two or more deployments or theaters of operation. After theGRAND TOTALS printout page the program prints the System MaintenanceSupport Cost (Figure 16) in the format of the Army Life Cycle CostMatrix as printed in the DA Pamphlet 11-4. This matrix lists all costscomputed by LOGAM including Operation and Support (O&S) Costs based onthe TOE structure. The Matrix is then completed.
7.2 Reporting the Results
The application of the LOGAM computer model facilitates evaluationof the impact of logistics in terms of cost and effectiveness fordifferent support postures for fielded military equipment. Costs may bebased on current fiscal year dollars or may be discounted assuming ayearly interest rate. Costs already expended can be sunk.
7.2.1 Baseline Support Cost Comparisons. Many times, alternatesupport approaches are analyzed versus a baseline or existingmaintenance support approach. Many ways can be used to explain anddisplay the results of these analyses. The commonly used methods (andeasiest) are the data table and bar graph or histogram methods. Table16 illustrates the data table approach for a USAREUR deployment wherethe cost elements have been broken down to two cases by the following:
a) Ten-year operations.b) Initial provision investment.c) Test equipment acquisition.d) Test equipment development.
112
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Table 16. Example of Data Table Reporting ($in Thousands)
CASE I CASE It
MAINENACE FELD352
DPT329 1.202
TEST EQUIPMENT 30251(A) 10 YEAR MAINTENANCE
OPEATNG SUPPLY MATERIAL el 9A78.12COSTS__
INVENTORY MANAGEMENT 1.1S1.1S
ORDER. STORE. SHIP, AND 138 324HANDLE
SUBTOAL 10614'12,377
LINE REPLACEABLE UNITS =1A
(3) INITIAL MOOULESJPARTS 62253PROVISIONINVESTMENT COST TO ENTER 294 2
INTEGRATED DIRECTSUPPORT MAINTENANCE' lot6 11000(IDSM) TEST SETS
C) DIRECT SUPPORT (DS) 23-EQUIPMENT TETSSACQUISITION GENERAL SUPPORT (0S)
-22
TEST SETS ______ ______
DEPOT TEST STATIONS - 264 220
SUBTOTAL 1,747 =
BOSM TEST SETS 425 425
(D) TEST 09 TEST SETS184-EQUIPMENT
* DEVELOPMENT DEPOTIOS TEST STATIONS $A7S3.0
SUBTOTAL 3.619 X.710
TOTAL SUPPORT COSTS 23.188 20,721)
116
The data shown can be used to substantiate logistics supportdecisions, because they clearly indicate the lowest cost supportalternative and show I a breakdown of the significant elementscontributing to support costs.
Another way of presenting the same information is the use of thebar graph as shown in Figure 17 to provide a pictorial presentation.The operational availability can also be included in this presentationas shown to provide a comparison on the basis of cost and effectiveness.The bar graph also gives visibility of the cost elements designated assegments A, B, C, and D. Segment A represents a summary breakdown ofthe ten-year operating cost elements. Segments B, C, and D summarizethe elements which comprise nonrecurring costs.
7.2.2 Test Equipment Utilization and Manpower Reporting. TheLOGAM model computes the service channel utilization for each itemrequiring checkout and repair as a fraction of real time. As an optionin the program, manpower requirements adjusted for suitable productivityfactors can be accounted for on an expected value basis. For manpowercomputations, reporting can encompass:
a) Manpower productivity.b) Slack time (waiting for repair items, test accessories,
etc.)c) Test station availability and other contingency operations.
A - 10-YEAR OPERATIONS* - INITIAL PROVISIONINVESTMENTC - TEST EQUIPMENT ACQUISITIONo - TEST EQUIPMENT DEVELOPMENT
30-
25
tA 20-0
A
015
U
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5-C C
__ D
CASEI CASE IIAo .0.967 A, 0.61
Figure 17. Example of Bar Graph Reporting
117
Table 17 is an example of test equipment utilization and manpowerreporting in the data table format. The service channel utilization isgiven in terms of the cumulative hours per day spent at the various testand repair locations. The number of manpower site and total manpowerfor all sites is also indicated for each of the support alternativesstudied.
7.2.3 Sensitivity Results Reporting. LOGAM has a built-invariation of parameters capability called sensitivity (Section 6) whichis particularly useful in the rapid evaluation of tradeoffs whe -- few"hard" data are available or where the analyst has low confidence it, hisdata.
The results obtained from sensitivity testing may be used toconstruct graphs which display the behavior of the maintenance conceptover the range of input parameters. Such graphs provide insight intothe problems being investigated and help the analyst to determine whichinput parameters are critical to his application. That is, sensitivitymay show that wide variation of some of the input parameters, among themperhaps his low confidence data, makes little or no difference in hisresult. Sensitivity will also help him to know which of his inputparameters are very important and therefore need further investigationto refine or substantiate his input values.
The factors which influence workload such as maintenance incidentrate, the number of deployed systems or prime equipment utilization aregenerally prime candidates for investigations of support costsensitivity. Other investigations might include the effect ofincreasing or decreasing the modification workload, present value theoryeffect, or the generation of data to make comparisons of the basis ofequal effectiveness (availability).
7.2.3.1 Examples of the Influence of Workload on Support Costs.Figure 17 was prepared from the results obtained for sensitivity testruns that were made along with the baseline USAREUR and CONUS runs.* Atthe baseline reference point (maintenance incident rate multiple = 1),the support costs are shown as the total support costs for Cases I andII. The results shown in Figure 18 indicate the support cost trends asthe maintenance incident rate increases or decreases about the baselinevalue.
Another way of viewing the same result is to plot support costsversus the inverse of maintenance incident rate. This was done toobtain the results shown in Figure 19 which plots the support costsversus MTMBA. In Figure 19, there are curves which display thecharacteristic "knee" as time between maintenance increases.Sensitivity testing can also be used to investigate the effect ofsimultaneous variations of more than one input variable. This featurewas used to obtain the result presented in Figure 20. Here the effectof varying maintenance incident rate is shown while at the same time thenumber of deployed systems is doubled.
*Ibid.
118
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Figure 18. Effect of Maintenance Incidence Rate Variation.
120
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Figure 19. Effect Of Simultaneous Variation Of Maintenance
Deployed Systems.
120
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7.2.3.2 Present Value Sensitivity Effects. Sensitivity testingmay also be used to show costs in relation to present value (inflationor discounting). The aspect of discounting refers to the application ofa selected rate of interest to measure the differences in importance orpreferefice between dollars at present time or anticipated dollars in thefuture. For the result shown in Figure 21, the yearly interest rate,FINT, was input negatively (inflation) and positively (discounting)around the center value of FINT = 0. The present value expressions arecontained within the basic formulation and can be activated by inputtingFINT as the sensitivity test input variable (definition for FINT inAppendix B).
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Appendix A
DEFINITION OF OUTPUT AND OTHER SYMBOLS USED
AAIE An internal control whose value may = 1.0 or 0.0 only. Valueset by input value of JTED (Appendix B) to govern computationsof Type I and/or Type II test equipment (and repair) loading.
ATE Automatic Test Equipment.
AMULT Scale factor for all costs on output listings.
ANLYIS A nonrecurreing identifier signifying the type of analysis orname of analyst on output listings.
CAYZ System or subsystem operational availability.
CAYZI System or subsystem inherent availability.
CD Cost for development of the installed equipment and testequipment plus software.
CED Cost for development of the installed LRUs.
CEP Cost for procurement of the installed LRUs at allinstallations.
CET Subtotal cost of LRUs, includes development procurement andend of life salvage.
CEV End of life salvage value of the installed LRUs.
CFR Cost of facility support based on the square footage of floorspace at the depot.
CFT Subtotal facilities cost.
CIVP Cost of initial provisions of LRUs, modules, and parts.
CIVR Cost of consumed material during O&M phase.
CIVT Cost of initial provision plus the cost of consumed supplies
less salvage value of residual inventory.
CIVV End of life salvage of residual inventory.
CMPPY Nonrecurring training costs.
CMPR Cost of maintenance manpower during O&M phase.
CMPRR Cost of repair manpower during O&M phase.
CMPT Subtotal of manpower costs including nonrecurring training.
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COSTIS Narrative description of dollar units (lOOs, 1000s, etc.).
COU Check out unit (LRU).
CP The total acquisition (production) costs (Section 6).
CR The total cost for operations and maintenance (Section 6).
CROR Cost of reordering supplies during O&M phase.
CROT Subtotal cost of reordering supplies.
CS Total end of life salvage value.
CSAP Cost of retention of items in the inventory for supplyadministration.
CSAT Subtotal cost for supply administration.
CSHR Costs of shipping and handling.
CSHT Subtotal cost for shipping and handling.
CSVR Recurring salvage value based on items consumed.
CTSD Development cost of test equipment.
CTSOFT Cost of technical data (documentation) or software(programing).
CTSP Production cost of test equipment.
CTSR Costs related to test equipment support.
CTST Subtotal for all test equipment costs.
CTSV End of life salvage value of test equipment.
CuM Signifies that the quantity printed on the output listing iscumulative.
CWHR Cost for storage of materials or supplies.
CWHT Subtotal cost for storage.
DELTA Differential between dedicated and expected value manpower.
EACH Signifies that the quantity printed on the output listingpertains to the individual LRU.
FIM Fault isolate an LRU to the failed module.
FIP Fault isolate an LRU to the failed part.
GCT Grand cost total for the system over the life cycle.
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IA7,IA8 These are mutually exclusive flags (when IA7 = 1, IA8 must be= 0 and vice versa). A value of unity indicates which of thetapes (7 or 8) the summary LRU data may be found on.
ISET,IATE These are internal flags which control which tape (7 or 8) thesummarization process (of LRUs) is to read from and written totape. If ISET = 1, the program reads from 7, adds data, andwrites on 8. If ISET t 1 and IATE = 1, the program reads from8, adds data, and writes to 7. If both t 1, this is the firstpass and LRU data are written on tape 7.
ICN A counter of LRUs and is compared to NDLRU to determine whenthe last LRU has been processed.
ILS Integrated Logistics Support.
KAD A variable which may have the values 1, 7, 8, or 9 only. Thevalues (except 1) are assigned in the sensitivity section todetermine the next starting point.
1 - is a normal start for a new LRU.
7 - restarts the program in the sensitivity section to startthe application of new SENSY rules.
8 - Restarts the program in the sensitivity section to startanother LRU whose values are to be changed per 7.
9 - restarts the program at the beginning after allsensitivity tests have been performed. It permits readingin a completely new set of data.
/L/ NAMELIST - a listing of all LRU inputs (Appendix C).
/LL/ An abbreviated listing of NAMELIST inputs.
LCC Life cycle costs.
LOCAM Logistics Cost Analysis Model.
LRU Line replaceable unit.
MTBF Mean time between failures.
MTBMA Mean time between maintenance actions.
MWO Modification work order.
O&M Operations and maintenance.
ORLA Optimum repair level analysis.
PVCD Present value cost for development.
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PVCP Present value cost for recurring operations.
PVCR Present value cost for recurring operations.
PVCS Present value cost for salvage.
PDELTA Present value of manpower differential (see DELTA).
PVGCT Present value of grand cost total.
REMARK Descriptor to identify qualifying information for the LRUunder analysis (Appendix C).
SENSY The name of the sensitivity testing array (Section 4).
TEXT The name of the output printout page header information(Appendix C).
TOTAL Indicates that a summation of each LRU for all theaters/cases is called (Appendix C).
UNITIS Descriptor to identify the name of the LRU on the outputlistings (Appendix C).
Functions and Subroutines
BASIC Called twice to compute:
1) Dollar/pound/hour/installation for shipping.
2) Quantity of LRUs, modules, and parts tied up and thenumber of LRUs out of operation.
SENSIT Records the variables to be altered for the sensitivity pass.
AB Typical use:
A = AB(x)
A = 0. if x > .1 * 10 1
Otherwise
A=I.
DEF Called with quantity of stock on hand and the expected valueof demand for stock.
Provides the number of demands that will find no stock.
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D Typical use:
A = D (x)A = x if x >. * 10-19
Otherwise
A = 1.PAGE Prints page number, heading (TEXT), DATE, "ANLYIS", UNITIS
and REMARK information.
IOL Computes LRUs, modules, parts to be stocked per LOCAM 5rules.
SPOL Typical use: Determines effect of "built-in spares" (FN)and multiple LRUs on availability.
SUPI Prints supplementary page when maintenance policies GC, GI, GJor GK have been initiated.
OPER Controls the operation of the Operation and Support (O&S) Costpart of the model.
Subroutine One Computes total people/category and pay and allowances inthe O&S Cost Part of the model.
Subroutine Two Computes personnel related cost (O&S model).
Subroutine Three IBUG
Subroutine Four Computes cost of Ammunition (O&S model).
Subroutine Five Sums instrumentation cost temporarily (O&S model).
Subroutine Six Computes Arty/Ord and follow-on-training firing cost ofmissiles (O&S model).
Subroutine Seven Prepares the output list in the proper units of cost(O&S model).
Subroutine Eight Prints the output list (O&S model).
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Appendix B
LOGAM INPUT DEFINITIONS
An asterisk (*) preceding a variable indicates it can be read only by$LE NA!ELIST. A double asterisk (**) preceding a variable means it canbe read by both $LE and $L NAMELIST. No asterisk preceding a variablemeans it can be read only by $L NAMELIST.
ARA Annual military manpower turnover fraction for field test andrepair.
ARAD Annual civilian manpower turnover fraction for depot test andrepair.
AYZP Control to specify the method for computing the initialprovision quantities. It generally is input as a signed wholenumber as follows:
AYZP = 1. Use MICOM Maintenance Rules.
AYZP = 0. Use LOGAM Supply Rates.
AYZP = -1. Provision quantities are to be input.
AYZP may also contain a fractional part. The absolute valueof the fraction is used to control override of stock to meetspecified availability. The absolute value of the fractionstates the fraction of inherent availability to be achieved.
Example
AYZP = 1.0 Use MICOM Maintenance rule. No force onavailability.
AYZP = 1.9 Use MICOM Maintenance rule. Force to get 90%of the inherent availability.
AYZP = 0.73 Use LOGAM Supply Rule. Force to get 73% ofthe inherent availability.
CAD Cost in dollars per year to retain an item (LRU, module,
non-standard part) in the supply system.
CALMAN Cost in dollars per year for a calibration man.
CALPUB Cost in dollars for technical data for calibration/Type IIItest equipment. (CALPUB is set to zero within the programafter use.)
CALSET Number of calibration/Type III test sets and teams.
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CCAL Cost in dollars to develop calibration/Type III testequipment. (CCAL is set to zero within the program afteruse.)
CCALP Cost in dollars to procure a calibration/Type III test set.
CCALR Cost in dollars per year to support a calibration/Type IIItest set.
CCSP Cost in dollars to develop contact support/Type IV test sets.
(CCSP is set to zero within the program after use.)
CCSPP Cost in dollars to procure a contact support/Type IV test set.
CCSPR Cost in dollars per year to support a contact/support/Type IVtest set.
CDEO Shipping from the installation to the Direct Support Activity.Input as dollars per item per pound per trip. Used in thecomputation of shipping and handling charges.
CDIST Cost in dollars per item per pound to distribute initialprovision of LRUs, modules, and parts.
CDOE Shipping from Direct support to the installation (units as
CDEO).
CDOI Shipping from Direct to General Support (units as CDEO).
CDIO Shipping from General to Direct Support (units as CDEO).
CDID Shipping from General Support to Depot (units as CDEO).
CDDI Shipping from Depot to General Support (units as CDEO).
COFO Shipping for a one-way trip from a contractor to thegovernment depot (units as CDEO). Applied to shipment ofreprocured material.
CDMAN Cost in dollars per year for a test man at Direct Support.
CDPMAN Cost in dollars per year for a test man at Depot.
CDPRMN Cost in dollars per year for a repairman at Depot.
CDRMAN Cost in dollars per year of a repairman at Direct Support.
CEMAN Cost in dollars per year for a test man at the Equipment* level.
CERMAN Cost in dollars per year for a repairman at the Equipmentlevel.
CEN Cost in dollars to enter a line item into the supply system.
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CEND Cost in dollars to develop a LRU. (CEND is set to zero withinthe program after use.)
CFTD Cost in dollars per square foot/month for floor space at Depotfor test equipment.
CGMAN Cost in dollars per year for a test man at General Support.
CGRMAN Cost in dollars per year for a repairman at General Support.
CI Cost in dollars to develop Type I test equipment. (CI is setto zeo within the program after use.)
CII Cost in dollars to develop Type II test equipment. (CII isset to zero within the program after use.)
CKIT Cost in dollars for a modification kit.
CKMD1 Safety stock coefficient for module stock at Depot.
CKME Safety stock coefficient for module stock at equipment level.
CKMI Safety stock coefficient for module stock at General Support.
CKMO Safety stock coefficient for module stock at Direct Support.
CKPD Safety stock coefficient for part stock at Depot.
CKPI Safety stock coefficient for part stock at General Support.
CKPO Safety stock coefficient for part stock at Direct Support.
CKUD Safety stock coefficient for LRU stock at Depot.
CKUE Safety stock coefficient for LRU stock at equipment level.
CKUI Safety stock coefficient for LRU stock at General Support.
CKUO Safety stock coefficient for LRU stock at Direct Support.
CLRUPG Cost in dollars to program and provide technical data for TypeI test equipment for LRU repair.
CMODPG Cost in dollars to program and provide technical data for TypeI test equipment for module repair for each module type.
1. The safet" stock coefficients are used in computing initialprovision quantities when using LOGAM supply rules (AYZP = 0). Inthis instance, stock computations are based on the sum of the meandemand quantity plus the safety stock coefficient times the squareroot of the mean demand quantity. This quantity is rounded offaccording to a rule governed by the fractional values input for theZU, ZM, and ZP arrays.
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CMP Cost in dollars for spare or replacement module.
CONMAN Cost in dollars per year/per man for the contact support team.
CONTCT Number of contact support sets and teams.
CPE Non recurring production cost in dollars for an LRU. (CPE is
set to zero within the program after use.)
CPI Cost in dollars to procure a Type I test set.
CPII Cost in dollars to procure a Type II test equipment.
CPP Average cost in dollars for a spare or replacement part.
CPUBII Cost in dollars to program and provide technical data for TypeII test equipment. (CPUBII is set to zero within the programafter use.)
*CPUBV Cost in dollars for technical data for Type V test equipment.(CPUBV is set to zero after use).
*CPV Procurement cost in dollars for Type V test equipment.
CRI Cost in dollars per year for materials to support a Type Itest station.
CRII Cost in dollars per year for materials to support a Type IItest station.
CRM Cost in dollars per module reorder action.
CRP Cost in dollars per part reorder action.
CRU Cost in dollars per LRU reorder action.
*CRV Yearly cost in dollars to set up training programs forType V test set.
CSDEP Cost in dollars per cubic foot per month for material storageat Depot.
CSDSU Cost in dollars per cubic foot per month for material storageat Direct Support.
CSESU Cost in dollars per cubic foot per month for material storageat equipment level.
CSGSU Cost in dollars per cubic foot per month for material storageat General Support.
CTCPUB Cost in dollars to program and provide technical data forcontract support/Type IV test equipment. (CTCPUB is set tozero within the program after use.) [
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CTRA Cost in dollars to train one man for field maintenance.
CTRAD Cost in dollars to train one man for Depot maintenance.
CTRCAL Nonrecurring cost in dollars to set up training program for* the calibration Type III test equipment teams.
CTRI Nonrecurring cost in dollars to set up training program forType I test equipment.
CTRII Nonrecurring cost in dollars to set up training program forType II test equipment.
CTRSPT. Nonrecurring cost in dollars to set up training program forthe contact support Type IV test equipment.
*CTRV Non recurring cost in dollars to set up training programs forType V test equipment.
CUBEM Storage volume in cubic feet for a module.
CUPEP Storage volume in cubic feet for a part.
CUBEU Storage volume in cubic feet for an LRU.
CUCE 2 Cost in dollars per year to provide preventive or scheduledmaintenance for equipment level manpower. Used in combinationwith SMF to model expected value manpower at the equipmentlevel.
2. SMF andtUCE - "E" Level "Manpower" - LOGAM includes an equationfor the computation of expected value of manpower at the equipmentlevel (CMANE) in addition to the provisions of the model for thecomputation of integer values of contact support manpower usinginputs CONMAN, TONMAN, CONTCT, etc. (Both methods may be usedsimultaneously when desired.)
Input CUCE is the cost in dollars per year per equipment level teamwhere a team means the number of men to give round-the-clockcoverage. For example, if two men are needed to work together onany given problem and round-the-clock coverage requires four suchsets of two men, then CUCE is the cost per year for eight men andshould include any associated burden costs.
The cost for these men will be based on the maintenance rate (CUCE)for which scheduled maintenance is required. Input SMF is thescheduled maintenance fraction. For instance, if one hour peroperating day is necessary for scheduled maintenance with 250operating days per year, 250 hours per year are required forscheduled maintenance, SMF = 250/8766 = .0285. If two men arerequired per team for one hour per day at $24273.00 per manyear,CMANE becomes SMF X CUCE = .0285 X $24273 X 2 = $1385.56.
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CUP Cost in dollars for the LRU under analysis (deployment,replacement, and provision LRUs).
*CV Development cost in dollars for Type V test equipment.
DAOQL Fraction of Depot workload that is good when delivered to the
field stockage point. 1-DAOQL is recycled.
DD Number of Depot level maintenance locations.
DDS Number of Depot level supply points. (See Footnote 14.)
DI Number of General Support maintenance locations.
DIS Number of General Support supply points. (See Footnote 14.)
DTE Pipeline in days for delays in handling repairable LRUs ormodules being shipped rearward from the equipment level.
DTI Pipeline in days for delays in handling repairable LRUs ormodules being shipped rearward from General Support.
DTO Pipeline in days for delays in handling repairable LRUs ormodules being shipped rearward from Direct Support.
E Failure rate per operating hour.
EACAL Controls posting out one time costs for calibration/Type IIItest channels including manpower. Only the values zero andunity are permitted
EACAL = 0 no posting of costs.
EACAL = 1 forces the posting of costs.
EACAL is reset to zero after each use.
EACSP Controls posting out one time costs for contact support/TypeIV test equipment and manpower. Only the values zero andunity are permitted.
EACSP = 0 no positing of costs
EACSP = 1 forces the posting of costs
EASCP is reset to zero after each use.
ED3 Number of deployed equipment installations.
3. ED may represent installations of aircraft, missile systems, tanks,communications, etc. deployed to perform a specific militaryfunction or mission.
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EDS Number of equipment level supply points. (See Footnote 14.)
EE The number of materiel systems at each deploymentinstallation.
*ETEI Expected value flag for test and repair men on major itemsat the Equipment level.
*ETE Controls posting out of accumulated work demands for menand Type V test equipment.
ETE = 0 no posting of costETE = 1 forces the posting of cumulative demand into thecost totals and resets the demand accumulators
*ETEI Expected value flag for Type V test equipment on major itemsat equipment level.
ETI Controls posting out accumulated work demands at servicechannels of Type I test equipment and their associated repairpositions. Only the values zero and unity are permitted.
ETI = 0 no posting of costs.
ETI = 1 forces the posting of cumulative demand into the costtotals and reset the demand accumulators.
ETII Controls posting out accumulated work demands for servicechannels at Depot of Type II test equipment. Only the valueszero and unity are permitted.
ETII = 0 no posting of costs.
ETII = 1 forces the posting of cumulative demand into the costtotals and resets the demand accumulators.
EVDM4 Expected value flag for test manpower at Depot.
EVEM Expected value flag for test manpower at equipment level.
EVDR Expected value flag for repair manpower at Depot.
EVDT Expected value flag for test equipment at Depot.
EVER Expected value flag for repair manpower at equipment level.
EVIM Expected value flag for test manpower at General Support.
4. Expected value flags may have only the values zero and unity. Whenset to unity, they give expected value (shared prorata utilization)of the service demand. When set to zero, they give integer roundoff, as governed by the round off input ZFL.
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EVET Expected value flag for test equipment at equipment level.
EVIR Expected value flag for repair manpower at General Support.
EVIT Expected value flag for test equipment at General Support.
EVOM Expected value flag for test manpower at Direct Support.
EVOR Expected value flag for repair manpower at Direct Support.
EVOT Expected value flag for test equipment at Direct Support.
*FE The fraction of Type V test equipment manpower added forself support.
FI Fraction of Type I test equipment manpower demand that isadded for self-support.
FII Fraction of Type II test equipment manpower demand that isadded for self-support.
FINT 5 Yearly interest rate. Used in the computation of presentvalue. It is the net rate between discount rate and inflationrate. Thus, if inflation exceeds discount, FINT may be inputnegative. Zero input gives net cost output without discount.
FMD6 Fraction of modules that arrive at Depot that are repaired.
Modules not repaired are scrapped.
FMI Module repair fraction at General Support.
FMO Specifies the module repair fraction at Direct Support.
5. Discounting relates to the time value of money. It refers to theapplication of a selected rate of interest FINT such that futurecost is adjusted to the present time. It also recognizes that adollar today is worth more than future dollars because of theinterest cost that is related to expenditures which occur overtime. Discounting is a technique for converting costs occurringover time to equivalent amounts at a common point in time tofacilitate comparison of alternative investments. The common pointin time is set by the input YZ in LOGAM.
6. FMD, FMI, and FMO are module repair fractions. They specify thefraction of modules arriving at Depot, General Support, and DirectSupport, respectively, that are repaired at these levels. Theworkflow of modules relates to the maintenance policy (G fraction).Modules not repaired at a lower echelon may be sent to a higherechelon if the maintenance policy allows it, otherwise they arescrapped. (".
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FN7 Number of identical LRUs within a system whose failure doesnot detract from system availability. Used to model effect ofequipment redundancy within the system.
FNGF8 Number to specify the ratio of false no-go LRU demands to truefailures.
FNSP9 Nonstandard part fraction related to the cost for supplyadministration.
FSA Field supply administration cost. Dollars per year per lineitem type per field supply location.
FTI Number of square feet of space required at Depot for Type Itest equipment.
FTII Number of square feet of space required at Depot for Type IItest equipment.
FTU Time factor in weeks used in the computation of LRU Stock atDepot. FTU is the fixed time cycle associated with LRUreprocurement. Typically, this is the factory start-up timebetween placement of an order and delivery of the first LRU.
FTM Analogous to FTU but is for module reprocurement.
7. FN is used in computing availability. It is a statement of thenumber of permissible failures at an installation before down-timecounts. For redundant items, for example, FN = 1. If all failurescount, FN = 0. The availability computation forgives FN failures,so to speak, before counting down-time. For a given LRU, input EE(a whole number) states the number of times a given LRU isreplicated (used) per ED location. Input FN states the number ofLRUs within EE whose equipment failure does not detract from systemavailability. For example, if there are two radio receivers pertank for the sake of redundancy of the system and one receiver outof service is permitted, then EE = 2 and FN = 1. When FN = EE, allLRUs are permitted out of service and the LRU has no role in thesystem availability. EE and FN must be input as whole real
*numbers.
8. If FNGF equals unity, the false no-go rate will equal the true
failure rate specified by E. In use in the program, FNGF iscommutative with the input OTF. Thus OTF modifies the false no-gorate so that it is a real time rate.
9. FNSP is used in all cost calculations related to the cost of parts.FNSP = 1. gives the full cost. FNSP = 0. deletes all costs.Intermediate values act directly. The purpose of FNSP is toaccount for supply administration cost for new items to beintroduced in the supply system which are unique to the systemunder analysis. Inputs CEN and CAD are charged for FNSP times inputPP as supply administration.
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FTP Analogous to FTU and FTM but is for parts reprocurement.
FUD 10 LRU repair fraction at Depot.
FUE10 LRU repair fraction at equipment level.
FU1 10 LRU repair fraction at General Support.FUI0 LRU repair fraction at Direct Support.
GA Specifies a policy of discard at failure. There are nomaintenance support activities. All failures, false no-goindications, and attrition rate inputs result in LRU discard.Only LRUs are stocked in the supply system. There is nodemand for modules or parts.
10. FUD, FUE, FUI, and FUO are the LRU repair fractions. They specifythe fraction of LRUs arriving at Equipment Level, Direct Support,General Support, and Depot, respectively, that are repaired atthese levels. Like the module repair fraction FMO, FMI, and FMD,the workflow of LRUs relates to the maintenance policy (Gfraction). LRUs not repaired at a maintenance echelon arescrapped.
In all cases, the term LRU repair includes detection of false no-goitems unless it has been preceded by a checkout at the DirectSupport level. Also, whenever module repair succeeds LRU repair,any LRUs not repaired at the lower level will also go to the modulerepair facility for LRU repair. Thus, for example, for maintenancepolicy GP any LRUs not repaired at the General Support will go toDepot for repair. In all cases, the degree of repair performed atany level either on LRUs or on modules will be set by other inputrepair fractions. Whenever LRU repair is indicated, the programcomputes the module stock required to perform LRU repair by modulereplacement. Similarly, whenever module repair is indicated, theprogram computes the part stock required to perform module repair.Parts are always nonrepairable and are discarded.
The specification of a maintenance concept, input by the GA throughG7 fractions, may be mixed in any proportion summing to unity torepresent the flow of work demand. For example, if:
GL = 0.6, GR = 0.25, GT = 0.15
Then, 60% of the LRU removals would be sent to Direct Support forrepair, 25% would be sent to General Support for repair, and theremaining 15% would go to Depot. If FUO = .8 then eighty percentof the total LRUs arriving at Direct Support would be repaired andtwenty percent scrapped. Similarly FUI = .8 and FUD = .8 would actfor General Support and Depot.
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GB Similar to GA but here is a provision to detect false no-go'sat Direct Support and only failed and attrited LRUs arediscarded. There is no demand for module or part stock.There is a demand for checkout service at Direct Support andthe algebra uses Type I test equipment input data for this.
GC Specifies LRU repair at equipment level by removing andreplacing a defective module. The defective module isdiscarded.
GD Specifies LRU repair at Direct Support by removing andreplacing a defective module. The defective module isdiscarded.
GE Specifies LRU repair at General Support by removing andreplacing a defective module. The defective module is
discarded.
GF Specifies LRU repair at General Support with checkoutperformed at Direct Support to remove false no-go LRUs beforesending the work to General Support. LRU repair is by removaland replacement uf a defective module and the defective moduleis discarded.
GG Specifies LRU repair at Depot. Defective modules arediscarded.
GH Specifies LRU repair at Depot preceded by a checkout at DirectSupport to screen false no-go's.
GI Specifies LRU repair at equipment level and module repair atGeneral Support.
GJ Specifies LRU repair at equipment level and module repair atGeneral Support.
GK Specifies LRU repair at equipment level and module repair atthe Depot.
GL Specifies LRU and module repair at Direct Support.
GM Specifies LRU repair at Direct Support and module repair atGeneral Support.
GN Specifies LRU repair at Direct Support and module repair atDepot.
GO Specifies checkout to catch false no-go's at Direct Supportfollowed by LRU and module repair at General Suppport.
GP Specifies checkout to catch false no-go's at Direct Supportfollowed by LRU repair at General Support and module repair atDepot.
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GQ Specifies LRU checkout to catch false no-go's at Direct
Support followed by LRU and module repair at Depot.
GR Specifies LRU and module repair at General Support.
GS Specifies LRU repair at General Support and module repair atDepot.
GT Specifies LRU and module repair at Depot.
H11 An array of dimension four to specify authorized LRU supplylocations.
HPM Discretionary procurement holding time in days for modules.
HPP Discretionary procurement holding time in days for parts.
HPU Discretionary procurement holding time in days for LRUs. Nosafety stock is applied to HPU, HPM, HPP, because it is adiscretionary factor and may be waived if earlier procurementis indicated by field experience.
11. LOGAM permits four levels of LRU supply. In the program these arethe equipment, Direct, General, and Depot support locations. ArrayH is used to specify for each level whether or not LRU spares arepermitted. Any combination from no supply locations to all four ispermitted. Array H has dimension four. The first element is forthe E level. The second element is for the Direct Support level.The third element is for the General Support level. The fourthelement is for the Depot level.
Zero means not authorized. Unity means "yes" stock is authorized.
Only zero or unity are to be used.
H is input via a NAMELIST/L/. Typically,
H = 0., 3*1.,
allows LRU supply at Direct Support, General Support, and Depotlevels only. The input
H = 1., 3*0.,
allows LRU spares at the equipment (E level) and denies them to theDirect Support, General Support, and Depot levels.
The program will inspect thL inputs QTE, QTO, QTI, ad QTD to see ifstock quantities have been input. If they have been input, thecorresponding H element will be set to unity even if input as zero.This change to H, if made, is permanent until H is again input withsome subsequent LRU.
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IBG A FLAG, which when set to 1, causes the printout of thecurrent values of internal variables.
IFLAG The summation (total pages) of costs, etc. for each LRU forall theaters is suppressed.
I Suppresses total pages.0 Prints total pages.
ILE Input and output control flag for $LE NAMELIST.ILE = 1 in $L NAMELIST data will read upcoming $LE NAMELISTdata.ILE = 0 in $LE NAMELIST the program skips an attempt to readthe next $L NAMELIST block. Initially, ILE is set off. IfIBG and ILE are set to 1 then $LE input data is written.
INHIB An integer to control the printout of individual LRU output.Only the numbers 0 and I are permitted. INHIB = 0 prints theLRU output page. INHIB = 1 inhibits the printout of LRUoutput.
I0 An integer to control printout of the input NAMELIST data.
10 = 0 Inhibits NAMELIST printout.10 = 1 Abbreviated NAMELIST is printed.10 = 2 Program will print all variables in the NAMELIST.10 = 3 Entire sequence of input data for all LRUs printed out.
lOPER Selects the option to add operational costs to the LOGAMoutput.
lOPER = 1 initiates the subroutine to compute the operationand support costs derived from a typical TOE structure. TheO&S costs computed conform to DA PAM 11-4.
IS An integer to control reset functions for maintenance concept
fractions, case total accumulators, availability accumulators,workload accumulators, and recall of saved input values.
IS = 1 Anticipatory control for the next LRU. All inputs usedfor .he first LRU of the deck are recalled for use withnext LRU plus any input values keypunched for that LRU.
IS = 1 also resets availability and workload accumulatorsand case total accumulators.
IS # 2 Resets maintenance concept fractions.IS = 2 Retains maintenance concept fraction from one LRU to
the next.IS = 3 Nutralizes all reset actions. It must be set to 3 in
first LRU data block to assure correct accumulatorfunction (Program flow chart).
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IPAGE An integral control for assigning the number of first page ofoutput printout.
JTED An integer control used to designate the type and location oftest equipment.
JTED = I Permits location of Type I test equipment at theDirect Support, General Support, and Depot sites.
JTED = 2 Permits location of Type I test equipment as in JTED= land Type II test equipment at Depot.
NA12 An integer to control the number of system availability modesto be tallied for the case being run.
NB13 An integer to control initialization of default values.
NU An integer to control printout of case totals and grand totalspages, reset the grand total accumulators and provide themeans for a positive program stop.
NU = 1 Suppresses print of totals page.
NU = -1 Prints the case totals page. This value may be usedat any time to examine the contents of the totalsaccumulators. The printout of the case totals page isnot accompanied by any change in the accumulators orany other program variable.
12. NA is used in combination with the input TAYZ (the availabilitytally control). In LOGAM, there are ten availability accumulators,therefore, it is possible to take up to ten availability productsfor different sets of LRUs. NA is the input which specifies howmany of the ten accumulators are active.
13. In LOGAM, all program inputs obtain initial values in a BLOCK DATAsub-program. All inputs are stored in an array immediately afterthe read of input data for the first LRU either from BLOCK DATA orNAMELIST/L/. Input of IS = 1 with one LRU recalls the list ofsaved values prior to the read of the next LRU. Thus, the set ofinputs for the first LRU including the standard values not input4via NAMELIST/L/ become the "reset" standard values. These "reset"standard values may be redefined at any time throughout the programby use of the control NB. NB is in NAMELIST/L/ and may be inputwith any LRU. The exact value NB = 0 (an integer) will force thestoring of the current data set for that LRU as the new set of1"reset" values. NB is set to 1 during this storing and the inputneed not be turned off by the user.
B-14
NU = -2 Prints the case totals page as for NU = -1 and alsoprints a grand totals page following the case totalspage. Reset of the case total accumulators isaccomplished by the control IS. IS is input with thelast LRU in a case deployment as IS = 1 to accomplishthe reset of the case total accumulators afterprintout of the case totals pages.
NU = -3 Provides the same function as NU = -2, i.e, it printsout both the case total and the grand total pages.Additionally, it resets the grand total accumulators.
NU = -4 Provides a positive program stop; used in combinationwith a dummy REMARK card and a dummy UNITS cardfollowed by a NAMELIST card with NU = -4.
OD Number of Direct Support Maintenance locations.
ODS14 Number of Direct Support supply or stock transfer points.
14. DDS, DIS,EDS, and ODS determine the number of stock locations ateach echelon. These inputs work with the H Array to designate ifstock is permitted at a location. If DIS = 3, meaning threegeneral support stock locations, and H(3) = 1 stock will be locatedat all three general support locations. If H(3) = 0 stock will bedenied. If DIS = 3 and H(3) = 0 stock will be denied. Theobjective of this is that an analysis may require a policy of stockat a location and an alternate policy of no stock at that location.Simply changing the H Array permits quick turn-around.
B-15
-i -' I .... ' - ! -* . . .
OL15 An array of dimension four representing the operating level ofsupply in days for consumables at Organization, Direct,General and Depot supply points.
OST15 An array of dimension four representing the order and shiptime in days for Organization, Direct, General, and Depotsupply points.
15. The input AYZP = I activates the use of the LOGAM maintenancerules. Then using the LOGAM maintenance rules, four maintenanceturn-around times are provided.
TATE - Used for time required to obtain an LRU or module (based onmaintenance policy) from "ED" stock or a support facility.
TAT - Array of dimension four used for maintenance turn-around-time at Organization, Direct Support, General Support, andDepot, respectively.
TATE and TAT are input in days. According to Array H settingauthorized supply points, the contents of the repairable pipelines arecomputed using these maintenance turn-around times. Consumables aresupplied according to the Operating Level (OL), Safety Level (SL), andOrder Ship Times (O2). (The last is also used at the Depot level forrepairables.)
OL, SL, and OST are arrays of dimension four. The order of eacharray designates the days of supply allowance for Organization, DirectSupport, General Support, and Depot, respectively. The total content ofthe repairable and consumable pipelines is computed for LRUs, modules,and parts.
The program attempts to pass this quantity out to the authorizedsupply points beginning with the forwardmost location. It integerizesat each location using the round-off rules. After each point, a test ismade to see if the entire demand has been equaled or exceeded. If ithas been met, no further quantities are computed. This preventsoversupply of stock on top of stock. The concept is that all stock isunder the control of the NICP and that stock will be directed to whereneeded from where stocked.
Note that when the LOGAM maintenance rules are used to compute theinitial provision, the inputs TEO, TOE, TOI, TIO, etc. pipeline timesare used for the computation of availability. These times specify the"down-time" consequence of a stock outage. The time should be themaximum time, as the model will adjust the time for the fullness of thepipeline.
Thus, TAT, OL, SL, OST, STAT, DTE, DTI, and DTO never enterdirectly into the availability calculation. The effect of these timesis the computation of an integer number of spares. The number of sparesenters into the computation of availability. In this way the user ofthe model may input policy times for setting the supply levels and inputexpedited times for the consequences of supply outage on availability.
B-16
S ,
OTF The fraction of real time that deployed equipment operates.
P Number of module types per LRU.
PP Number of part types per LRU. (Unique parts, exclusive forsystem).
PUR Production rates for LRUs, modules, and parts. These are notPMR normally input because the program overrides the input if thePPR production rates are insufficient to meet the demand and uses
a value computed by the program.
QMM The minimum reorder quantity for modules.
OMP The minimum reorder quantity for parts.
QMU The minimum reorder quantity for LRUs.
B
I B-17
-~ . .. , .j Im
QTE16 Total organization level LRU stock quantity for all EDSlocations.
QTO16 Total Direct Support level LRU stock quantity for all ODSlocations.
QT11 6 Total General Support level LRU stock quantity for all DISlocations.
QTD16 Total Depot level LRU stock quantity for all DDS locations.
QTME 16 Total organizational level module stock quantity for all EDSstock locations.
QTMO16 Total Direct Support level module stock quantity for all ODSlocations.
QTMI 16 Total General Support level module stock quantity for all DISlocations.
QTMD16 Total Depot level module stock quantity for all DDS locations.
QTPO 16 Total Direct Support level part stock quantity for all ODSlocations.
QTPI16 Total General Support level part stock quantity for all DISlocations.
QTPD 16 Total Depot level part stock quantity for all DDS locations.
16. QTE, QTO, QTI, QTD, QTME, QTMO, QTMI, QTMD, QTPO, QTPI, QTPD -Stock Quantities: In LOGAM, these stock quantities may be input atany time regardless of the value of AYZP. LOGAM sets each of theseto zero just prior to the read of the input NAMELIST. If any oneis input, it will be used as input instead of being computed. Itis the responsibility of the user to input values compatible withhis concept (GA through GT), i.e., unless Direct Support isperforming repair to the piece part level, it would be meaninglessto input a value for QTPO. However, such an erroneous input wouldbe accepted and used by the program.
After the read of the input NAMELIST, the LRU stock quantities areinspected to see which are non-zero. If any are non-zero and thisis inconsistent with the input Array H (Page ), the correspondingvalues of Array H are altered. For example, if Array H has beeninput to prohibit LRU spares at Direct and QTO is input giveningLRU spares to Direct, then Array H is permanent until altered bysome subsequent input of Array H via NAMELIST with some subsequentLRU. When AYZP has a fractional part to call for a force onavailability, the forwardmost LRU stockpile will be increased ifnecessary to try to meet the specified availability. In the eventthat the initial quantity for the forwardmost pile has been input, "it will be subject to revision upwards.
B-18
.... *. . ';. .+
RDD Delay time in days between request for an LRU at a maintenanceDepot and handling of the request by the supply point used inthe computation of availability in reckoning down-time at theDepot.
REPEAT Number of identical LRUs in each materiel system.
*RF The fraction of TRC that is devoted to LRU remove and replace
time excluding fault isolate and retest time.
RID When using LOGAM supply rules, RID is input in days and is aspecification used to distinguish between the supply allowancefor condemned modules and parts and the number of days ofsupply for LRUs and for repaired modules at the GeneralSupport level. Within the program, RID is summed with theinput TDI to form the term RIDT which sets the days of supplyat General Support for condemned modules and parts.
ROI Like RID, ROI is a specification used to distinguish betweenthe supply allowance for condemned module and parts and thenumber of days of supply for LRUs and for repaired modules atthe Direct Support level. Within the program, ROI is summedwith the input TIO to form the term ROIT. ROIT sets the daysof supply at Direct Support for condemned modules and parts.
REO REO is similar to ROI but in this instance, it sets the daysof supply at the equipment level for condemned modules.
SENSY An array organized in the NAMELIST format used to conductsensitivity runs (Section 4).
SL An array of dimension four representing the safety level daysof supply for consumables at Organization, Direct, General andDepot supply points (definition of OL).
B-19
rii
SMD17 Module scrap fraction at Depot.
SME17 Module scrap fraction at Organization level.
SM117 Module scrap fraction at General Support.
SMO17 Module scrap fraction at Direct Support.
SMF Scheduled maintenance fraction (CUCE definition).
SPE18 Fraction for controlling the sunk portion of the primeequipment cost. Any fraction may be used for SPE, SPEV, andSPEVR.
SPE = 0 charges zero (sinks) the cost of the deployed primeequipment.
SPE = 1 charges full cost for deployed equipment.
SPEV 18 Factor to control sinking of cost of the initial provision.
SPEV = 0 no cost for the initial allowance.
SPEV = 1 charges full cost.
SPEVR18 Factor to sink costs for consumed material.
SPEVR = 0 charges zero cost
SPEVR = 1 charges full cost.
STAT The depot pipe in days between the depot and the rear-mostfacility shipping LRUs and modules to the depot.
17. The scrap fractions, SME, SMO, SMI, and SMD are applied to the workflow sent to Organization, DS, GS, and Depot by the maintenancepolicy G fractions prior to any application of the repair fractionsFMO, FMI, and FMD. Thus, the total module scrap is the flowarriving at a maintenance point times the scrap fraction plus theremainder that are not scrapped but are not repaired as set by therepair fraction (if the latter are not sent on to a highermaintenance level).
18. LOGAM includes equations for the cost of prime equipment CEP, thecost of supply material CIVP, and the cost of consumed materialCIVR. The input factors SPE, SPEV, and SPEVR appear in theseequations as multipliers. Assigning values to the inputs less thanunity, therefore, reduces the value of the cost equations or ineffect sinks some portion of the cost which would otherwise becharged for materials.
B-20
SUD19 LRU scrap fraction at Depot.
SUE'9 LRU scrap fraction at equipment level.
SU g19 LRU scrap fraction at General Support level.
SUO19 LRU scrap fraction at the Direct Support level.
SVE20 Salvage fraction for cost of installed LRUs at the end of thelife of the program.
SVR20 Salvage fraction for cost of consumed material (reorderstock).
SVT Salvage fraction for cost of test equipment.
SVV20 Salvage fraction for cost of residual inventory.
TALMAN Number of test men per calibration crew.
TAT An array of dimension four representing maintenanceturn-around Time in days at Organization, Direct, General, andDepot maintenance support levels. (See Footnote 15.)
TATE The number of days required for stock to be obtained at theequipment level. (See Footnote 15.)
19. Module scrap fractions are for SMD, SME, SMI, and SMO. The samedefinitions apply for the LRU scrap fractions; however, it is alsonoted that the scrap fractions apply only to failure flow and notto false no-go flow.
20. Within the LOGAM program, a salvage computation is made on fourtypes of equipment: installed LRUs, consumed material, testequipment, and residual inventory. The salvage fractions are usedas multipliers in functions that are signed negative to reflect thesense of credit. Thus, the salvage terms are taken as somefraction of the costs for the various types of equipment.
f B-21
, _ , - • - Vi
TAYZ 21 An array of dimension ten to specify correspondence betweenmodel availabilities and the LRUs.
TC Mean test time in hours to checkout an LRU at any level fordetection of false no-go LRUs. Used to compute demand fortest manpower.
TO Test time in hours for LRU checkout at Depot. Used to compute.demand for test manpower.
21. TAYZ is an array of dimension ten to provide the capacity for tenavailability accumulators (definition for NA specifies how many ofthe ten accumulators are active). A value must be entered for eachof the ten availability accumulators; however, only the first NAof the ten are actually used. For example, if a system consists ofeleven LRUs and if that system logically subdivides into functionalsubsystems, the arrangement of the LRUs in the input tray should bethe first four LRUs that constitute the first subsystem, the nextfive constitute the second subsystem, and the last two constitutethe third subsystem. Then if the user wanted to keep theavailability tally for the total system and also for eachsubsystem, four tallies are required. He would input NA = 4. ForTAYZ, he would input the following:
LRU NO. LRU NO.
I TAYZ = 1., 1., 8*0., 5 TAYZ = 1., 0., 1., 7*0.,2 63 74 8
910 TAYZ = 1., 2*0., 7*1.,11
All LRUs would be tallied into the first accumulator, i.e., thefirst element of the TAYZ array is unity for every LRU. The firstfour LRUs would be tallied into the second accumulator, i.e., thesecond element of TAYZ is unity for the first four LRUs and zerofor all others. LRUs five through nine would be tallied into thethird accumulator, i.e., the third element ot TAYZ is unity forthese LRUs and not for any others. The last two LRUs will betallied into the fourth accumulator, i.e, the fourth element ofTAYZ is unity for these two and zero for all others. Values ofTAYZ beyond the fourth element are immaterial because NA = 4. Onthe case total page, four availabilities will print across thepage. The first will be the system availability. The second willbe the availability of the first subsystem. The third will be forthe second subsystem. The fourth and last, will be for the thirdsubsystem.
B-22
- . -
TDI Pipelength in days from Depot to General Support.
TDMAN22 Manpower productivity factor or number of men per test crew atDirect Support.
TDPMI Manpower productivity factor or number of men per testequipment crew at Depot (for Type I test equipment).
TDPMII Manpower productivity factor or number of men per testequipment crew at Depot (for Type II test equipment).
TDPRI Manpower productivity factor or the number of men per repaircrew at Depot for Type I test equipment.
TDPRII Manpower productivity factor or the number of men per repaircrew at Depot for Type II test equipment.
TDR Repair time in hours to repair an LRU. Used to compute demandat Depot.
TDRMAN Manpower productivity factor or number of men per repair crewat Direct Support.
TEO23 Pipelength in hours between equipment level and Direct Supportwhen using LOGAM Supply Rules or expedited time for obtaininga spare when using LOGAM Maintenance Rules (definition of OL).
22. In LOGA, manpower may be input as shared or dedicated according tothe value input for the expected value flags (EVDM). When sharedmanpower is used, the inputs such as TDMAN represent the manpowerproductivity to account for less than full time utilization of themaintenance manpower. Factors greater than one are input which ineffect act as multipliers on the cost for manpower. For Depot andGeneral Support, TGMAN, TGRMAN, TDPMI, TDPMII, TDPRI and TDPRII maybe adjusted to account for maintenance civilian labor costs (Item3.051 and DA PAM 11-4).
4 23. When LOGAM supply rules are used (AYZP = 0), TEO is used inconjunction with the input TOE to set the down-time per failure orfalse no-go or attrited item returned from an installation toDirect Support. (The return may be for repair, supply, or materialtransfer.) This down time is used to compute one of the terms in
4the LOGAM availability formulation and as a minimum at least thismuch down time is occasioned at each support demand by a unit. Itis the sum of TEO, and TOE that is used in the program; they arenever used separately. In particular, TEO might represent the timefor a contract support team to go to an installation.
B-23
.I
TE Test time in hours for an LRU at equipment level. Used tocompute the demand for test manpower.
TEMAN Manpower productivity factor or number of men per test crew atequipment level.
TER Repair time in hours for an LRU at equipment level. Used tocompute the demand for repair manpower.
TERMAN Manpower productivity factor or number of repairmen per repaircrew at equipment level.
TENMAN The men applied to MTTR effort at equipment level. This is amultiplier of the number of eight hour shifts needed toperform the work.
TF Mean time in hours to test an LRU at Direct Support. It is
the total time per service action in the test position and itis used to set the demand for test equipment and for testequipment men.
TFR Repair time in hours for an LRU at Direct Support. Used tocompute demand for repair manpower.
TGMAN Manpower productivity factor or number of men per test crew atGeneral Support.
TGRMAN Manpower productivity factor or number of repairmen per repaircrew at General Support.
TI Test time in hours for an LRU at General Support. Used tocompute demand for test manpower.
TID Pipelength in days from General Support to Depot.
TIO Pipelength in days from General Support to Direct Support.
TIR Repair time in hours of an LRU at General Support. Used tocompute demand for test manpower.
TMD Test time in hours for module checkout at Depot. Used tocompute demand for test manpower.
* TMDR Repair time in hours for a module at Depot. Used to computedemand for repair manpower.
* TMI Mean test time in hours for module checkout at GeneralSupport. Used to compute demand for test manpower.
TMIR Repair time in hours for a module at General Support. Used tocompute demand for repair manpower.
TMO Mean test time in hours for module checkout at Direct Support.Used to compute demand for test manpower.
B-24I!
li ,/
TMOD Direct The time in hours for modification kitTMID General installation per repair crew at Direct,TMDD Depot General, or Depot.
TMOR Repair time in hours for a module at Direct Support. Used tocompute demand for repair manpower.
TOE Pipelength in hours between Direct Support and equipment levelwhen using LOGAM Supply Rules, or expedited time for obtaininga spare when using LOGAM Maintenance Rules, hours (TEO).
TOI Pipelength in days from Direct Support to General Support.
TONMAN Number of men per contact support crew (Type IV testequipment).
TOMW Direct The mean time in hours spent in the testTIMW General position (at Direct, General, or Depot) perTDMW Depot tests sequence. The program assumes that this
time will be spent twice: Once before themodification is installed and once after themodification is installed.
TRC Down-time in hours per service demand at equipment level(equivalent to MTTR).
TUMD Used in concepts GN, GP, GQ, GS, and GT which call for LRU andmodule repair at Depot. TUMD sets the supply allowance inhours for modules at Depot to cover the time between removalof a module from an LRU until the module is repaired andreturned to service for servicing further LRUs.
TUMI Used in concepts GM, GO, and GR which call for LRU and modulerepair at General Support. TUMI sets the supply allowance inhours for modules at General Support to cover the time betweenremoval of a module from an LRU until the module is repairedand returned to service for servicing further LRUs.
TUMO Used for maintenance concepts GL where both LRU and modulerepairs are performed at Direct Support. TUMO sets the supplyallowance in hours for modules at Direct Support to cover thetime between removal of a module from an LRU until the moduleis repaired and returned to service for servicing furtherLRUs.
B-25
-f.-.
WD24 The scheduled work week in hours for test equipment at Depot.WDM Tha scheduled work week in hours for test crews at Depot.
WDR The scheduled work week in hours for repair crews at Depot.
WE Scheduled work week in hours for test equipment atOrganization.
WER Scheduled work week in hours for repair crews at Organization.
WEM Scheduled work week in hours for test equipment manpower atOrganization.
WI The scheduled work week in hours for test equipment at GeneralSupport.
WIM The scheduled work week in hours for test crews at GeneralSupport.
WIR The scheduled work week in hours for repair crews at GeneralSupport.
WM The shipping weight in pounds of a module.
*WMR The work week in hours for repair men performing TRC work on
major items.
*WMT The work week in hours for Type V test equipment.
WO The scheduled work week in hours for test equipment at DirectSupport.
WOM The scheduled work week in hours for test crews at DirectSuppirt.
WOR The scheduled work week in hours for repair crews at DirectSupport.
24. The work weeks are set in accordance with the correspondingexpected value controls. When the expected value control is set tozero, the program acts in an integer round off computation mode forthe service channel requirements. In this mode, one is cautionedthat excessively long work weeks can lead to queues whici, -re notcomputed within this program, i.e., if indeed there were a workdemand requiring work 168 hours per week and the work week input as168 hours per week, i.e., repair rate equals demand rate, then thequeue would, in general, be long. When the expected value controlfor manpower is set to one, the work week should correspond to themanpower salary scale, i.e., if the salary scale is on the basis ofa 40 hour week, then the work week should be input as 40 hours.
U
B-26
AWN-i
W T s p w inpondoapat
WP The shipping weight in pounds of a part.
WTKIT The shipping weight in pounds of mod kit.
WU The shipping weight in pounds of an LRU.
YAT The annual attrition fraction for LRUs. It represents anannual demand for reissue and reprocurement to replaceattrited LRUs. It operates on the population of installedLRUs to determine the number to be replaced each year. Withinthe program, YAT is converted to on hourly attrition rate, A.This, in turn, is multiplied by OTF to get the real time rate.
YD The length of the development phase of the program in years.It is only used in computing present value of costs incurredduring a development phase (definition for FINT).
YMWO The number of MWOs per year per LRU. YMWO is input as apercent per year of MWOs expected to be performed in the lifecycle, i.e., if two MWOs are expected in a life cycle of 10years, YMWO - .2.
YP The length of the production or acquisition phase in years.It is used in computing the present value of costs incurredduring the production phase. It is also used in estimatingthe initial production rate which is used as a reference ratein the main program in the computation of reorder buyquantities.
YR The duration of the operation and maintenance portion of theprogram in years. Many of the cost computations for supportare directly proportional to this input. It is also used incomputing present value of operation and maintenanceexpenditures.
YZ Input in the dimension of years and may be positive ornegative. It is used in the computation of present value ofcosts to change the zero point of reference at which presentvalue is started. The program treats YD, YP, and YR as
* consecutive non-overlapping time intervals. Nominally,present value is computed for the end of the production phaseand the start of the operation and maintenance phase. YZshifts this point by as many years ahead of or after it.Thus, if YZ equals the negative of YP, then present value isstated at the start of the production phase. If YZ ispositive, it moves the point so many years into the O&M periodfrom its start. Shifting YZ from LRU to LRU in the inputsequence of LRUs being analyzed and using sunk cost inputcontrols can accomplish, at present value, a time phasing ofprogram cost totals.
j 8-27
IN-* I I".AEC'
ZFL25 Round-off rule used in computing service channel quantities
when integer round-off in invoked.
ZI Fraction of t4WOs installed at General Support.
ZM An array of dimension three to specify the round-off fractionsfor modules at Direct, General, and Depot supply points (ZFL).
ZO Fraction of MWOs installed at Direct Support.
ZP An array of dimension three to specify the round-off fractionsfor parts at Direct, General, and Depot supply points (ZFL).
ZU An array of dimension four to specify round-off fractions forLRUs at equipment, Direct, General, and Depot supply points(ZFL).
25. The round-off rules ZFL, ZM, ZP, and ZU all act in the same manner.The values input are added to the demands computed by the programand then the fractional part is dropped and the whole number isretained. This is done to avoid acquisition of fractional portionsof test equipment, LRU, modules, and parts.
B2
B-28
,-- , . ' , .,4r
Appendix C
USING LOGAM (A SAMPLE PROBLEM)
The approach to explaining the use of LOGAM is to set up a simulatedsample problem and then to use the model to solve the problem in termsof life cycle logistics support costs and equipment availability. Allof the steps involved in this typical application are shown todemonstrate how the model Is used and the results obtained. Otherapplications of the LOGAN family of models are listed in theBibliography.
1.0 Sample Problem Definition
The example problem addresses the prediction of logistic supportcosts for a hypothetical land combat missile system composed of severalLRUs.
1.1 Operational Scenario*
The operational scenario comprises two geographical deployments:
a) A European overseas deployment USAREUR.
b) A Continental United States deployment CONUS.
Figure C-I illustrates the repair flow associated with the USAREURdeployment. As depicted for this situation, the missile system in thefield is maintained by direct exchange of failed LRUs from stock at theIntegrated Direct Support Maintenance (IDSM) level. The study assumesnine IDSMs and three classes of LRUs are evaluated as follows:
a) Class 1 LRUs are repaired at the CONUS Depot.
b) Class 2 LRUs are repaired at overseas Direct Support sites bymodule replacement and overflow LRUs and modules are repaired atthe CONUS Depot. Two DS sites are considered in the exampleanalysis.
c) Class 3 LRUs are repaired at an overseas General Support site bymodule replacement and overflow LRUs and modules are repaired atthe CONUS Depot.
* Note: USAREUR and CONUS deployments are included to demonstrate themaT-tenance portion of LOGAM and the use of TOTAL where the sum ofmaintenance costs for two theaters is obtained on an individual LRUbasis. Sensitivity testing is also included to demonstrate thisfeature. And finally inputs are included to show the operation of thepost processor (Section 5) to compute the operational costs. However,this mode of operation actually is valid only when a single theater isbeing examined as noted in Section 5. Inputs to the post processor areincluded in the sample problem, however, to produce an example of thetotal operation and support cost output obtained with the LOGAN computerprogram.
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1.2 Example Problem Data Base
Typically, the data base for a logistic cost analysis applicationof the LOGAM model involves several categories of information:
a) Deployment factors: Number of systems supported, geographicallocation, utilization rate, support hierarchy to include relationto organizational structure, and number of supply points.
b) Equipment Factors: Equipment breakdown, units, modules, parts;removal rates; physical characteristics; operating times; and costsper unit, module, and part.
c) Maintenance Factors: Turn-around times, delay times, order andship times, operating and safety stock levels.
d) Supply Factors: Stockage policies, supply times, production leadtimes, stockage costs, and transportation factors.
e) LRU Modifications: Modifications or engineering change proposalsof fielded LRUs and the provision quantity during the operationalphase of the program.
f) Test Equipment Factors: Test equipment characteristics, costs, andsupport maintenance requirements.
1.2.1 Deployment Factors: The following deployment factors are
involved.
a) The number of operational missile systems per installation, ED*
USAREUR - ED = 141
CONUS - ED = 40
b) The fraction of real time that each missile system is operated, OTF= 0.0548. (This is equivalent to a total operating time of 480hours per year.)
c) Hierarchy and number of support and supply installations:
USAREUR CONUS
EQUIP. ED = 141 EDS = 141 ED = 40 EDS = 40IDSM OD = S OD = 4 ODS = 4DSU DI= 2 (Class 1 and 2 LRUs) DIS = 2 DI = 4 DIS = 4GSU DI = 1 (Class 3 LRUs) DIS = 1Depot D = DDS = 1 D = I DDS = I
As indicated by the preceding deployment factors, the LOGAM modelcan be used to analyze several geographic scenarios and the resultscombined to determine worldwide support costs for military weapons
*Symbols indicate LOGAM input mnemonic (Section 5).
I C-3
rI
systems. In the sample case the installation is USAREUR and CONUS andEE - 1. ED can represent a battalion of operational materiel systemsand EE can represent the number of battalions. LOGAM provides thecapability to sum the results for individual LRUs and print the resultsof two or more geographical scenarios. A header card is inserted as theeighth card in the input deck on which the word "TOTAL" is punched alongwith a number designating the number of LRUs comprising the system underanalysis. The LRUs must also be given in the same sequence for eachtheater of operation. In the example problem, the value NU = -3 isinput with the final LRU of the CONUS deployment. This activates theprintout of a CONUS totals page and LRU pages for all LRUs which are thesum of the CONUS + USAREUR LRU pages and finally a "GRAND TOTAL"printout which is the sum of all costs for USAREUR + CONUS for all LRUs.If the individual LRU totals are not desired, enter IFLAG = 1 in thelast box.
The principal differences between the USAREUR and CONUS scenariosis the number of deployed missile systems, the support hierarchy,several of the pipeline factors, and the prorated share of the cost toenter and keep items in the inventory. For the CONUS scenario, adeployment of forty missile systems at four training installations isassumed. Each installation has the equivalent of an IDSM and a DSUmaintenance plus supply point. These are backed up by a common CONUSdepot for overflow LRU and module repair. Inputs related to testequipment development are not included in the CONUS input data setbecause they have already been charged against the USAREUR situation.
1.2.2 Equipment Factors. The LRUs are considered in the exampleproblem beaown to the module and part level. The maintenancepolicies used for the example problem are as follows:
USAREUR CONUS
Class 1 LRU No. 1 GC = 1 GT = 1Class 1 LRU No. 2 GI = 1 GT = 1Class 1 LRU No. 3 GJ = 1 GT = 1Class 1 LRU No. 4 GJ = 1 GT = 1Class 2 LRU No. 1 GK = 1 GS = .85, GT = .15Class 2 LRU No. 2 GS = .85, GT = .15 GS = .85, GT = .15Class 2 LRU No. 3 GS = .85, GT = .15 GS = .85, GT = .15Class 2 LRU No. 4 GS = .85, GT = .15 GS = .85, GT = .15Class 2 LRU No. 5 GS = .85, GT = .15 GS = .85, GT = .15Class 3 LRU No. 1 GS = .7, GT = .3 GT = 1Class 3 LRU No. 2 GS u .7, GT = .3 GT = 1
The costs for LRUs, breakdown of LRUs by module and part types,maintenance incident rates, and test and repair times are shown in TableC-1.
The weight and cube of LRUs, modules and parts are shown in Table
C-2. Weights and cubes have been factored to include packaging materialweights and storage space. (
C-4
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1
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~~C-5
01m
Table C-2. Weight and Cube Factors
Ship Weight Storage Volume
(Ib) (ft3)
LRU Module Part LRU Module Part
LRU WU WM WP CUBEU CUBEM CUBEP
Class 1 - No. 1 7.5 0.1 0.05 0.12 0.005 0.003
Class 1 - No. 2 4.5 0.2 0.1 0.15 0.015 0.005
Class I - No. 3 3.0 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.01 0.005
Class 1 - No. 4 3.0 0.5 0 0.1 0.01 0
Class 2 - No. 1 40.0 2.0 0.1 0.75 0.02 0.005
Class 2 - No. 2 26.0 1.5 0.08 0.7 0.02 0.005
Class 2 - No. 3 36.0 2.0 0.1 0.75 0.02 0.005
Class 2 - No. 4 40.0 2.0 0.1 0.75 0.02 0.005
Class 2 - No. 5 36.0 2.0 0.1 0.75 0.02 0.005
Class 3 - No. 1 30.0 1.5 0.08 1.0 0.05 0.01
Class 3 - No. 2 150.0 15.0 0.5 15.0 0.5 0.05
LRU descriptive quantities may also be recorded by filling out themultt-LRU worksheets discussed in Section 6. Tables C-3. C-4, C-5, andC-6 show these worksheets filled out with the sample problem LRU data.
1.2.3 Supply Factors
1.2.3.1 Maintenance Times (LOGAM Maintenance Rules). LOGAM includes anadditional way to compute initial provision quantities called "LOGAMMaintenance Rules". This computation is activated by setting AYZP = 1and the requirement to define several new input data factors. Theexample problem includes the use of the LOGAM maintenance rules and usesthe following values for the maintenance time input data factors:
TATE = 60 daysTAT(1) = TAT(2) - TAT(3) 2 daysTAT(4) = 3 daysOL(1) = OL(2) OL(3) = 15 daysOL(4) = 30 daysSL(1) SL(2) = SL(3) a 2 daysSL(4) - 3 daysOST(1) OST(2) - OST(3) 15 days (USAREUR)OST(3) = 20 days (CONUS)
C-6
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C-8
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OST (4) = 30 daysSTAT = 30 days (USAREUR)STAT = 20 days (CONUS)DTE = 6 daysDTO = 60 days (USAREUR)DTO - 30 days (CONUS)DT I - 60 days (USAREUR)DT I = 30 days (CONUS)
Table C-6. LRU Data Form No. 4
System Sample Problem
TMOV TMID TMDD TOMW jTIMU TDMW TE TI(hour) (hour) (hour) (hour) (hour) (hour) (hour) (hour)
Class 1LRU No.1 -1 1 1- 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class I LRU No. 2 -- 1 1 -- 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class ILRU No. 3 -- 1 1 -- 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class I LRU No. 4 - 1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class 2 LRU No. 1 -1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class 2 LRU No. 2 - 1 1 - 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class 2 LRU No. 3 -1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class 2LRU No. 4 - 1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class 3 LRU No. 1 -1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1
Class 3 LRU No. 2 - 1 1 0.5 0.5 1 1
C- 10
1.2.3.2 Production Lead Times. Administrative and production leadtimes are those required for purchasing consumed spares. Factorystart-up times include time from initiation of contract to delivery offirst production run. The baseline example problem assumes thefollowing values:
LRU, FTU = 64 weeks (USAREUR), 56 weeks (CONUS).
Modules, FTM = 38 weeks (USAREUR), 30 weeks (CONUS).
Parts, FTP = 20 weeks (USAREUR), 12 weeks (CONUS).
1.2.3.3 Transportation Factors. Shipping and handling costs to andfrom USAREUR and CONUS depot by air and to the depot from the contractorby truck in CONUS were used. Air costs to and from USAREUR per roundtrip were assumed to be:
I + I = $0.66/lb/trip
and for the factory to de,ot trip:
F = $0.63/lb/trip (USAREUR), $0.33/lb/trip (CONUS).
1.2.3.4 Supply Administration. The cost to enter a line item in stock,EN = $1077 (USAREUR) and EN = $451 (CONUS). The cost to retain an itemin the supply system A = $436 (USAREUR) and A = $170 (CONUS). Reordercosts are as follows:
LRUs, RU = $835 per action.Modules, RM = $835 per action.Parts, RP = $835 per action
1.2.3.5. Minimum Order Quantities. The example problem uses thefollowing input values:
LRUs QMU = 20Modules QM4 = 50Parts QMP = 100
1.2.3.6 False No-Go Factors. The example problem uses a value of 20%for this factor:
FNGF = 0.2
1.2.4 LRU Modification Workload. The LOGAM model also has thecapability to accomodate the workload associated with modifications(MWOs) to the fielded and pipeline LRUs during the oprational lifecycle. In the example problem, several MWO factors were assumed to bethe same for all LRUs.
The MWO rate per year, YMWO = 0.2The MWO field or depot test time TIMW = TDMW = 0.5 hour.The MWO field or depot repair time TMID = TMDD =1 hour
C-11
...
Other MWO factors varied with the type of LRU. These are shown inTable C-7.
1.2.5 Test Equipment Factors. LOGAM uses an integer control JTED todesignate the type and location of the test equipment. Five types oftest equipment can be acconmnodated in the LOGAM model:
a) Type I can be located in field or depot and is sometimes* usedto represent automatic test equpment.
b) Type II can be depot located only and is sometimes* used torepresent factory type manual test equipment.
c) Type III can be 'ocated in field or depot and is generally usedto represent calibration equipment.
d) Type IV is generally used to represent contact support sets inthe field.
e) Type V is generally used to represent built-in test equipment.
TABLE C-7. Inputs Related To Modification Workload - MWO
1vO ShippingPerformed Cost of Weight ofin Field MWO Kit MWO Kit
(%) ($) (lb)
LRU ZI CKIT WTKIT
Class 1 - No. 1 0 148 1Class 1 - No. 2 0 148 1Class 1 - No. 3 0 148 1Class 1 - No. 4 0 111 1Class 2 - No. 1 0.5 5773 10Class 2 - No. 2 0.5 1716 10Class 2 - No. 3 0.5 1883 10Class 2 - No. 4 0.5 1225 10Class 2 - No. 5 0.5 500 10Class 3 - No. 1 0.7 2772 10Class 3 - No. 2 0.7 7526 30
The maintenance policies and the integer control JTED control thelocation of the first two types of test equipment as follows:
a) If the value of JTED is input as 1, then Type I can belocated in the Depot.
*Test equipmnt input factors are generic and development, acquisition,and documentation or software cost factors can be subject to variedi nterpretations.
C-12
b) If the value of JTED is input as 2, Type II can belocated in Depot.
c) Type I test equipment can be field located regardlessof the JTED value.
For the example problem, the following inputs pertaining to testequipment apply:
1.2.5.1 USAREUR/CONUS (JTED = 2). Type I test equipment represents thetest equipment at the DS sites:
Test Equipment Development Cost, CI = $1,824,000(charged only in USAREUR portion of run)
Test Equipment Acquisition Cost Per Set, CIP = 131,500
Annual Cost for Test Equipment Maintenancefor Consumed Materials Per Set, CRI = 6,000
Type II test equipment represents the test equipment at the depot:
Test Equipment Development Cost, CII = $1,370,000(charged only in USAREUR portion of run)
Test Equipment Acquisition Cost, CPII = 246,000
Annual Cost for Test Equipment Maintenance
for Consumed Material, CRII = 7,500
Type III test equipment represents the test equipment at the GS site:
Test Equipment Acquisition Costs, CCALP = $220,000
Annual Cost for Test Equipment Maintenancefor Consumed Material CCALR = 2,000
4 Type IV test equipment represents the test equipment at the IDSM sites:
Test Equipment Development Cost, CCSP $425,000(charged only in USAREUR portion of run)
Test Equipment Acquisition CostPer Set CCSPP = 100,000
Annual Cost for Test Equipment Maintenance forConsumed Material Per Set, CCSPR - 1,000
1.2.5.2 Test and Repair Manpwer and Training. The expected valueoption was used to accumulate manpower costs on a prorated basisdepending on cumulative workload for the example problem. In effect,this implied that manpower costs, adjusted for suitable productivityfactors, are accrued for the cumulative test and repair man hours. If
the workload is such that only a fractional part of the availableAC- 13
manhours per year is used, then a fractional part of the annual salaryof a test or repairman is charged.
Org. Level Test and Repairman, CENMAN = $16,600CERMAN - $16,600
OS or GS Test and Repairmen, CDMAN = CGMAN = $16,600CDRMAN = CGRMAN = $16,600
Depot Test and Repairmen, CDPMAN = $26,100CDPMAN = $26,100
Manpower Productivity Factors, TGMAN = 2TGRMAN = 2TDMMI = 2TDRMII = 2TDPRI = 2TDPRII = 2
The annual turnover factor for field test equipment manpower, ARA - 0.4.The annual cost to train one man for field maintenance, CTRA = $2350.
2.0 Program Output for Sample Program
The OUTPUT and TOTALS printout instructions have been placedin-line to the main program. Along with the printouts of study resultsNAMELISTS/L/ and /LL/ can be printed depending on the value input forthe control 10. A formatted listing of the entire sequence of inputdata for all LRUs up to and including the present LRU will be printedout in columnar fashion. Inputting the value 10 = 3 activates thissection of the model and this feature greatly facilitates theexamination of an entire sequence of input values.
2.1 Input Deck Structure
A listing of the input data deck used for the example problem isshown in Appendix D. The general structure of the input deck is asfollows:
2.1.1 Nonrecurring Inputs at Program Initialization
TEXT - TEXT is input from four punched cards punched inColumns 1 through 72. Subroutine PAGE prints TEXTas four lines of page header information.
ANLYIS - ANLYIS is input from a single card punched inColumns 1 through 18. Subroutine PAGE prints ANLYISimmediately to the right of the formatted statement:
ANALYSIS - 0
C-14
*
DATE - DATE is input from a single card punched in Columns1 through 18. Subroutine PAGE prints DATEimmediately to the right of the formattedstatement:
DATE -
COSTIS - COSTIS states the problem scale factor in words thatAMULT are printed out on every output page, AMULT gives the
numerical value of the scale factor as a real number.It is used to convert all output cost data fromdollars to some other convenient unit of output. Itis used as a multiplier. Thus, for example, ifAMULT is 0.001, COSTIS would be entered as THOUSANDSOF DOLLARS. COSTIS and AMULT are entered togetheron a single punched card. COSTIS is punched inColumns 1 through 36. AMULT is punched in Columns42 through 51.
TOTAL TOTAL is a nonrecurring input card which indicatesthat a summation of each LRU for all theaters iscalled. Individual LRUs in the input data for eachcase (theater) must be identically sequenced for theLRU summation to be meaningful. The number ofdistinct LRUs for which a total is to be taken overall cases in a concept must also be punched on theTOTALS card.
2.1.2 Recurring Inputs Which Must be Entered at Each Item (LRU) InputCycle
UNITIS - UNITIS describes the current item (LRU) being entered.It is entered from a single card punched in Columns Ithrough 18. Subroutine page prints UNITIS to theright of the formatted statement:
UNIT -
REMARK - REMARK is used in connection with UNITIS to record anyqualifying information for the current item (LRU)under analysis. The qualifying information mightinclude System No., Case No., theater, or other titlespertaining to a group of LRUs. REMARK is entered froma single card punched in Columns 1 through 72. Sub-
J routine PAGE prints REMARK immediately below theprints of UNITIS.
C1
C-15
'-".4.
* .. .. .
2.1.3 Recurring Inputs Which are Entered Using NMtELIST/L/. Allprogram inputs (Appendix B), except AMULT, are entered usingNAMELIST/L/. It is the property of NAMELIST that any one or more of thevariables appearing in the NAHELIST may be entered at the read ofNAMELIST. At least one must be entered. Thus, at each input cycle foreach new item (LRU), only the inputs which must be changed from theprevious item need be entered. There are three considerations relatedto the deck structure for a case or system of LRUs:
a) The LOGAM model provides default values for inputs notentered. Thus, the analyst may start with little precise dataand become more exact as the data base builds up. In theprogram, a BLOCK DATA subroutine initializes all inputs priorto the read of NAMELIST.
b) For a particular system of LRUs, there is generally a class ofdata which is common to all LRUs; these data need only beentered once with the first LRU of the system.
c) Finally, there are the LRU data such as those shown in TablesC-1, C-2, and C-7 which must be entered with each LRU providedthat the value of the input changes between successive LRUs.
2.1.4 The Sample Problem Input Listing. Examination of the inputlisting shown in Appendix D indicates that the rules and sequence forstructuring the input deck discussed in the three previous sections havebeen followed in setting up the sample problem input deck. First theheader describing the analysis is shown as four lines of text. The nextfour cards designate the type of analysis, the date, the scale factormultiplier, and that LRU totals for both theaters are to be takenrespectively. This is followed by the first LRU title card and the cardwhich gives the case number, theater, and a summary of the LRUmaintenance concepts.
Now the data for the first LRU in the NAMELIST format are given.This format requires that NAMELIST start with the characters &L and endwith &END. This is characteristic of UNIVAC SPECTRA and IBM 360computers. It is noted that the first LRU of the set contains many morepunched cards than any of the subsequent LRUs since, as notedpreviously, the first LRU of a set contains all of the input data thatare common to all or most of the LRUs which follow and these common dataneed only be input one time. Data inputs continue for each LRU of thefirst theater (USAREUR); the last LRU is Class 3 LRU No. 2. Then thedata for CONUS follow and so on until the input data for all eleven LRUsin the system are entered.
This is followed by a set of punched cards for sensitivity testingto determine the effect of variation of failure rate. As discussed inSection 6, the sensitivity cards are punched as an input Array calledSENSY in the NAMELIST format. The first element in the array called
tMODE designates the number of inputs being varied simultaneously. Thus,if MODE is one, only one input is being varied. The second element ofSENSY called NPASS denotes the number of sets of variations being run.NPASS is the number of times that unit ND in the program will be rewoundand reread. Thus for example, if two values of failure rate (E) are to
C-16
be run, the NPASS is two and the second element of SENSY is input as112. #.
The remaining elements of SENSY are assigned in groups according toMODE. Each group is an ordered sequence of data and there are MODEentries in each group. The first group is a statement of the RULE to beused for assigning a value to each of the MODE variables for aparticular SENSY run set. There are five RULES and the RULE number is awhole number from 1 to 5 inclusive. These RULES are stored in array'NRULE."
The RULES are as follows:
a) To assign the value from SENSY to the input.b) To add the value from SENSY to the input variable.c) To subtract the value from SENSY from the input variable.d) To multiply the input variable by the value from SENSY.e) To divide the input variable by the value from SENSY.
The second group of entries, also of length MODE, is an orderedsequence designating the sequence numbers of the inputs included in theparticular SENSY run set.
In the designation of the inputs for sensitivity testing, theprogram is structured to reference them by their numbered positionallocation in common block INPUT rather than by name. The numberedsequence for addressing LOGAM inputs to be sensitivity tested is givenin Section 6.
The third group is the first set of values to be applied to theinput variables. These values are assigned according to the set of"RULES" defined previously. There will be "NPASS" set of values. Forexample, the code designation for FNGF is 104 (Section 6), then theinput $L SENSY=1, 2, 1, 104, 0, .2, 260x0, $ signifies that two passesof the variable FNGF will be run. On the first pass the value assignedwill be zero and on the second pass the value 0.2 will be assigned.
Assignment is made in the main program where the values in corememory are altered after the data on unit ND are read into core memory.After the last pass, all elements of SENSY are set to zero. Thebaseline data set still resides on unit ND and at the next read ofNAMELIST/L/, a new SENSY array can be input.
j j 2.1.5 The Basic Data Deck. Referring back to the basic data deck shownin Appendix D , the USAREUR and CONUS input data decks are placed inseries and the order of LRUs is identical for both theaters. Thispermits the use of the control NU = -3 to be tested to produce LRUprintouts which are the sums of the previous LRU printouts for identicalLRUs. The control NU = -3 also produces a GRAND TOTAL printout (the sumof all support costs for USAREUR plus all support costs for CONUS).Examination of the final LRU in the CONUS data set (Appendix D ) shows(the use of a card punched with the override value of NU = -3.
C-17- - *, !4
2.2 LRU Outputs
Tables C-8 and C-9 show the computer printouts for two individualLRU output pages obtained for the example problem. The results shownare for the final LRU (Class 3 LRU No. 2) of each scenario. Table C-8is for the USAREUR scenario. Table C-9 shows the results obtained forthe same LRU for the CONUS scenario. Output pages in this format can beobtained for each LRU in the data set depending on the value input forthe control INHIB. The value INHIB = 1, when included with the LRU datadeck, inhibits the printout of the LRU output page whereas INHIB = 0allows printout of the LRU outputs as shown in Tables C-8 and C-9. Forthe examples shown, the cumulative totals are the case cost totalsbecause the final LRU in each data set is used as the illustration.
Table C-10 shows the printout for supplemental information whenpolicies are invoked which perform LRU repair at the equipment level.Table C-10 shows the result for Class 2 LRU No. 1 when policy GK isinput.
2.3 Case and Grand Totals
Case cost total printouts for the USAREUR and CONUS scenarios areshown in Tables C-11 and C-12, respectively. The format for thesepresentations is the same as for the previous LOCAM 5 version of theprogram.
It is noted that the sample runs are based entirely on expectedvalue (shared) manpower. If the run had been based on dedicatedmanpowwer in the field, the difference (DELTA) between dedicated andshared manpower costs would have been printed out near the bottom of thecase totals pages.
Model availabiltities (CAYZ and CAYZI) are also printed out nearthe bottom of the page. In this instance, four sets of values areshown. The first set is the availability product for all eleven LRUs inthe data set; the second is the availability product for the first fourLRUs (Class 1 LRUs); the third is the product for all Class 2 LRUs; andthe fourth is the product of the availabilities for the two Class 3LRUs.*
Finally, printouts are included at the bottom of the page showingthe hours per day of test equipment and repair service channelutilization and the number of men required for service channel operationat the various maintenance echelons.
*Note: The values input for the array TAYZ control this printout, for
the sample problem:
TAYZ - 2*1., 8*0., is input with the first LRU (Class I LRU No. 1).TAYZ - 1., 0., 1., 7*0, is input with the fifth LRU (Class 2 LRU
No. 1.TAYZ - 1., 2.0., 7*1, is input with the tenth LRU (Class 3 LRU
No.1)
C-18
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w ~a aw'4 "Z 0= -0 0 4 A4
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4 W 24-' .W W 1 41 r-0ccU. 0 m .. .Jt : W - a.3
w4~ w j *LL.4 U -U.0 Z3. b of 3.r -9 0 A4u
00 . l- w.J C 4 I. A0- -J U . 0. 4U04 :: 1 t 4 - I- L4 I. a 4 4
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UUI- S
Oc 2 0C-A
0 . 4 . 4 4 p I n2 01- 69 3w u N
4AW 0 = 4 0% m
c ILe z ql -4 A 4I [f48U. 0 o U j a. a b 2... $j
2W a jo a IA ..J U f&I C 0 I- goo
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U..) 1WC a 9W
0.2 .t -4
P. P-e ~2A 0 0
'- A a. 46Aa.w- -' *JU 41q
W. a.
CIA 0 L. 4
a.IAW 43.1I-0IA02 W 4
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0 -A . WL
% IL Usu2
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o 0:
.- w
0 0 ORU* ~a ul V, 0 w2
W l30 4 M 4PON :4 mei i A b% 4 0 "
ul 0 WU0 W 04 .4 Wme. 2 .4Z ..- 'ii
0r. N, LW0 t2mu w~gw -- K 11-24 4.
C-23
mo -a,
The format for the printout of GRAND TOTALS is shown in Table C-13.This printout gives the sums of all significant cost elements for theUSAREUR plus CONUS scenarios.
2.4 Individual LRU Summary Totals
As discussed in Sections 4.3 and 7.1, LOGAM provides theversatility to sum up and print out the life cycle costs for two or moretheaters of operation on an individual LRU basis. Table C-14, theprintout obtained for Class 3 LRU No. 2, shows the summation of thecosts for the USAREUR plus CONUS scenarios. Actually, Table C-14 is thecomposite of the results shown previously in Tables C-8 and C-9.
2.5 Sensitivity Listing Results
Included near the end of the input deck listing is thesensitivity NAMELIST input data set which was run with the baselineUSAREUR and CONUS data sets. The structure of this data set is asdiscussed in Section 6 and as prepared for the CDC 6600 series computer.It consists of four cards. Two are leader cards, indicating thatfailure rate (Maintenance Incident Rate) is to be varied. The thirdcard indicates the number of inputs to be varied, the number of passes,the rule to be used, the designation of the input variable and thechanges to the baseline values to be investigated. The final card showsthat INHIB and IFLAG are activated. These are input as unity tosuppress the printouts of individual LRU pages and the summary totalsLRU printouts. The results thus obtained are in the case totals andgrand totals formats previously "fiscussed (Tables C-9, C-I and C-12).The case totals printouts are always preceded by a listing of the newvalues of the inputs identified by the designation number given inSection 6. Thus, the new value of the input/inputs assigned byactivating the sensitivity test feature of LOGAM is always documented.
2.5.1 The Influence of Workload on Support Costs. The resultsobtained for the sensitivity runs made for the sample problem were usedto construct the plots shown in Figures C-2 and C-3. Figure C-2 showsthe effect of varying maintenance incident rate for the CONUS scenario,the USAREUR scenario, and the summation of the two deployments. Ten-year support costs are plotted as functions of maintenance incident ratemultiple where the latter factor is a multiplier on the input dataelement E. The baseline value of unity reflects the support costsobtained for the basic values of E given in Table C-1. A maintenanceincident rate multiple of two produces support costs associated withdouble the basic values of the input data element E.
Another way of viewing the same result is to plot support costsversus the inverse of maintenance incident rate. This was done toobtain the results shown in Figure C-13 which plots support costs versusI MTBMA. Here, the curves display the characteristic "knee" as the timebetween maintenance actions increases.
L
0
I~ ~ - ......- ..... 1
AD-A136 801 OGAM (OGSTSIC ANALYSIS MODEL VOLUME 2 USERS MANUAL
A) SPARTA INC HUNTSVIL AL AUG 82J3
UNtSIIDUSA M ICOM DA- SR _U0 82-2VO _ 2 DAAHO 82-P-0886 /92 NI
t5t
II=o 2.20
I H11 III III -
MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A
9. .
i I
.9 ,_= -i,
P4 In .. I P40 J* II.040
.4 CA a0 0% U% .0 IA 0. 0USIA 0* - -1010
vi 30 = 0 L4 #IA J IA 0W 1 0 U 4 0.I IA'Z
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40 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
MAINTENANCE INCIDENT RATE MULTIPLE
Figure C-2. Effect of Maintenance Incident Rate Variation.
C- 27
60
so
40
~- 30USAREUR AND CONUSo^
~20
10 CONUS
0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0
MTBMA MULTIPLE
Figure C- 3. Effect of NTB14A Variation ~I'
C-28
S r.
2.5.2 The Versatility Provided by the Built-in .Sensltvit TestFeature. The examples shown in the previous section and in Section773 ndcate the versatility of LOGAN. The sensitivity test featureof LOGAM represents a powerful tool for the evaluation of logisticsupport alternatives. Practically any input variable or combination ofvariables can be varied through any range of values during any computerrun. The use of the technique makes it possible to evaluate multipleeffects on logistics cost and effectiveness very rapidly through theapplication of a carefully planned run set.
2.6 Sequenced Listing of Input Data
A feature of LOGAN which greatly facilitates examination ofinputs is the printout of a sequenced listing of all input data factors.This section of the program is activated by inputting the value 10 = 3,as was done with the final LRU for the CONUS scenario in the sampleproblem. This caused the printout of a formatted listing of all of theinputs used for the sample problem. Eight pages of computer printoutresulted to provide coverage of the entire sequence of sample probleminputs (eleven LRUs and two scenarios) or twenty-two values for eachinput data factor. Samples of three of the pages of sequenced inputprintouts are shown in Table C-15.
2.7 Operating and Support Cost Output Format
As mentioned previously (Paragraph 1.2 of this Appendix andSection 5), LOGAN can be used to generate operational costs based on theTOE for a particular organization in a particular theater of operations.The format for the operational and support cost output is shown in TableC-16.
+4. 3
I(
C-29
--. I 1
N
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a 09 0000 0000.9- SO*44 4 44 4*3 U ---- . - -1 -1 -1 -
41 w - --- - - -. - -
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4.5c 00
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*0 4
00000060000000 0000000 000000 mo4444444444ommm mi
440 006 0 00 00 0000 .E.B00000000080000000 400000000
,A 0 1 0 'O'.9-9.44 4& 4000ni l4lmfmANF:;.P .F.Fr 00000000000000000000 4- U.4NN40 .4
" o u * * * 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
4- a4000000000000000000000004100
4000003 e00000093333 1000111233 330000£3 £
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000000 000 0 0 00 00 0000
C-32 o O o~ o o e~ o 0 00 0 0
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C- 33
APPENDIX D
SAMPLE DATA INPUT
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DISTRIBUTION
COPI ES
1 Deputy Under Sec'y of the Army, ATTN: Office of Op Resch_____ Asst Sec'y of the Army (I,L&FM), Pentagon, Wash., DC 20310
Headquarters, US Army Materiel Development &Readiness Commnand1 DRCDt4-S1 DRCDMR1 DRCDR!41 DRCMM
1 DRCMM-R1 DRCMM-S1 DRCMM-M
1 DRSACI DRCSM1___________ DRCSM-E1 DRCSM-WI DRCSM-WR1 DRCSM-WA1 DRCSM-WGI DRCSM-WC1 DRCSM-I1 DRCSM-P1 DRCSM-PI1 DRCSM-PS1 DRCSM-PM1 DRCSM-PPI DRCSM-PAS1 DRCRE1 DRCRE-C1 DRCPP-E1 DRCRE-II DRCDt4-SI DRCOPI_______ DRCMS1 DRCQAI DRCDE
Dep Chf of Staff for Logistics, Pentagon, Wash., DC 203101 DALO-SMP-U1 DALO-SMZ-BI DALO-PLZ-X1 DALO-SML1 Qfc, Asst Secly of Defense, ATTN: MRA&L-SR, Pentagon, Wash., DC 203101 Commnandant, US 'Army Logistics Management Center, Ft. Lee, VA 23801I Defense Logistics Studies Info Exchange, DRXMC-D, ALN4C, Ft. Lee, VA 238012 Defense Technical Info Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA 22314
Commnander, USA Armament Materiel Readiness Cmd, Rock Island, IL 612991 DRSAR-MM
______DRSAR-SA
Commander, USA Communications-Electronics Cmd, Ft. Monmouth, NJ 077031 DRSEL-MM1 DRSEL-PL-SA
Commander, USA Troop Support & Aviation Materiel Readiness Command,St. Louis, NO 63120
1 DRSTS-SPF1DRSTS-SPS1 DRSTS-BA
Commander, US Army Tank-Automotive Command, Warren, MI 480901 ATTN: DRSTA-FI ATTN: DRSTA-S1 Commander, USA Armament R&D Cud, ATTN: DRDAR-SE, Dover, NJ 078011 Commander, USA Aviation R&D Cmd, 4300 Goodfellow Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63120I Commander, USA Electronics R&D Cmd, ATTN: DRDEL-ST-SA, Rm 2D315,
Bldg. 2700, Ft. Monmouth, NJ 07703Commander, USA Mobility Equipment R&D Cmd, ATTN: DRDME-0, Ft. Belvoir,
VA 220601 Commander, USA Natick R&D Cmd, ATTN: DRXNM-0, Natick, MA 01760
Director, Army Materiel Systems Analysis Activity, APG, MD 210051 DRXSY-D
DRXSY-G1DRXSY-A
1 DRXSY-C1 DRXSY-R1 DRXSY-R1 DRXSY-F1 DRXSY-FX1 DRXSY-FA1 DRXSM-FM1 DRXSY-FR1 DRXSY-FO
DRXSY-DAL.. Commander, US Army Logistics Center, Ft. Lee VA 238011 Commander, US Amy Logistics Evaluation Agency, New Cumberland Amy
Depot, New Cumberland, PA 170701 Commander, US Army Depot Systems Command, Chambersburg, PA 172011 Commander, US Air Force Logistics Cmd, WPAFB, ATTN: AFLC/XRS, Dayton,
Ohio 45433*US Navy Fleet Materiel Support Office, Naval Support Depot,
Mechanicsburg, PA 170551 Mr. James Prichard, Navy SEA Systems Cud, ATTN: PNS 3061, Dept of
US Navy, Wash., DC 203621 George Washington University, Inst. of Management Science & Engr.,
707 22nd St., N.W., Wash., DC 200061 Naval Postgraduate School, ATTN: Dept of Opns Anal, Monterey, CA 939403T Air Force Institute of Technology, ATTN: SLGQ Head Quantitative Studies
Dept., Dayton, O 434331 US Army Military Academy, West Point, NY 10996
LC|___
1 Commander, US Army Logistics Center, ATTN: Concepts & DoctrineDirectorate, Ft. Lee, VA 23801
1 Scientific Advisor, ATCL-SCA, Army Log stics Center, Ft. Lee, VA 23801T HQ, Dept of the Army, (DASG-HCL=P), Wash., DC 20314I- Librarian, Logistics Mgt inst., 4701 Sangamore Rd., Wash., DC 200161 Wallace M. Cohen, Asst Director Systems Analysis, FGMSD, General
Accounting Ofc, Wash., DC 205481 HQ, Dept of the Army, (DASG-HCL-P), Wash., DC 20314T Commander, USDRC Automated Logistics Mgt Systems Activity, P. O. Box 1578,
St. Louis, MO 631881 Director, DARCOM Logistics Systems Support Agency, Letterkenny
Army Depot, Chambersburg, PA 172011 Commander, Materiel Readiness Support Activity, Lexington, KY 40507T Director, Army Management Engineering Training Agency, .Rock Island
Arsenal, Rock Island, IL 612991 • Defense Logistics Agcy, ATTN: DLA-LO, Cameron Sta, Alexandria, VA 22314
"__ Dep Chf of Staff (I&L), HQ USMC-LMP-2, ATTN: LTC Sonneborn, Jr.,Wash., DC 20380
1 Commander, US Army Depot Systems Command, Letterkenny Army Depot,ATTN: DRSDS-LL, Chambersburg, PA 17201
1 Logistics Control Activity, Presidio of San Francisco, CA 941201TChurck B. Foster, Communications Security Logistics Activity,
DRSEL-CCM-NMP, Ft. Huachuca, AZ 85613Logistics Studies Office, DRXSY-FLSO, Ft. Lee, VA 23801
_Commander, US Army Communications Command, ATTN: Dr. Forry,CC-LOG-LEO, Ft. Huachuca, AZ 85613
1 Commander, US Army Test & Evaluation Cmd, ATTN: DRSTE-SY,Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005
1 DARCOM Intern Training Center, Red River Army Depot, Texarkana,TX 75501
1 US Army Training & Doctrine Command, Ft. Monroe, VA 23651TOperations & Inventory Analysis Office, NAVSUP (Code 04A) Dept
of Navy, Wash., DC 20376US Amy Research Office, ATTN: Robert Launer, Math. Div.,
P.O.Box 12211, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709Air Force Logistics Mgt Center, Gunter Air Force Station, AL 36144
1 AFLMC/LGYF Engineer Studies Center, 6500 Brooks Lane, Wash., DC 20315_ _ Dr. Carl Weisman, C.A.C.I., 1815 N. Fort Myer Drive, Arlington, VA 22209
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