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Perfection in

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This is

lighting up

our world

WWW. By Karen Johnson

Have you ever used the World Wide

Web to do research or play a game? Well, if

you haven’t used the World Wide Web try

going to a local library and go on a website.

This is so amazing everything you need to

know all in one program. This makes things

easier and faster. Now you don’t have to

look and look in a text book for only one

answer. There is a reason for this time

saving tool. His name is Tim Berners-Lee.

In London on June 8, 1955 Tim

Berners-Lee was born. In his childhood, he

was a train spotter, learned about

electrons, and tinkered with his model

train. His parents are Conway Berners-Lee

and Marry Lee Woods. They were both

mathematicians but Conway was also a

computer scientist. Mary and Conway

worked on the Ferranti Mark 1, the world’s

first public computer. Tim attended high

school at Emanuel School in Wadsworth.

One day, after school, Tim saw his father

writing a speech on the computer. Soon Tim

Berners-Lee and his father had a

conversation about the human brain has an

advantage over computers, because it can

connect to ideas that haven’t been linked.

Soon, this desire will become something

big.

He soon graduated high school and

went to college at Queen College in Oxford.

During college Tim built his own computer

out of an M6800 processer and an old

television. Berners-Lee graduated in 1976

and got his degree in physics. After college

Tim Berners-Lee worked with Plessey

Telecommunications Ltd, this is a Telecom

equipment manufacturer. He worked on

transaction systems, message relays, and

bar code technology. Two years later, he

left Plessey and went to D.G Nash Ltd. He

wrote among other things typesetting

software for intelligent printers, and a

multitasking operating system.

Tim Berners-Lee spent a year and a

half as an independent adviser. During this

time he spent a six month session at CERN,

Europeen pour le Recherche Nucleaire.

CERN is a particle physics laboratory located

in Geneva, Switzerland. At CERN Berners-

Lee created the World Wide Web in 1989.

He also made the first website at CERN. This

website showed the basics of the World

Wide Web.

On this journey to invent the World

Wide Web Tim documented what would

soon be the World Wide Web. He also had

to work on the technology to make the

World Wide Web accessible to other

people. But soon he realized some setbacks

to the World Wide Web. Thanks to his

determination he was able to overcome

these setbacks. The World Wide Web was

able to use for the first time in 1989.

Berners-Lee found three basic

technologies to the World Wide Web:

HTML, Hyper Text Markup Language; URL,

Uniform Resource Locators; and HTTP,

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol.

Tim Berners-Lee did not invent the

Internet, but he invented the World Wide

Web. There is a difference between the

World Wide Web and the Internet. The

Internet is a big network of computer

networks and wireless devices, while the

World Wide Web is information that can be

found using connections that can connect

to other hyperlinks.

Tim founded the World Wide Web

Consortium, W3C, in October 1994. The

W3C is the main international standards

organization for the World Wide Web. Tim

became a Fellow of the Royal Society in

2001. Berners-Lee was soon knighted by

Queen Elizabeth in 2004. He won the

Queen Elizabeth Prize for Engineering in

2013. Today Tim lives in California.

In conclusion, the World Wide Web

is a useful tool. It saves a lot of time

answering a question or doing research.

Remember, if you haven’t used the World

Wide Web go somewhere where there is a

computer and search something you want

to know about. All of this is because of Tim

Berners-Lee.

***

Google, (2005). The Original Nerds. [Website].

Retrieved from

http://webdesignpi.tripod.com/lee.htm

Google, (2015). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website].

Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com

Google, (2007). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website].

Retrieved from http://www.thocp.net

Google, (2007). Fascinating Facts About Tim

Berners-Lee Inventor of the World Wide Web in

1991. [Website]. Retrieved from

http://www.ideafinder.com

Google, (2015). Tim Berners-Lee. [Website]

Retrieved from http://websearch.about.com

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The Structure of DNA

http://mashable.com/category/dna/

Life in a Double-

What?

By: Jessi Shan

Have you ever heard of a double

helix? Most likely, your answer is no. A

double helix is commonly known as DNA,

which carries genetic information in the

cells of a plant and animal. You've seen a

monkey bar right? Well the double helix is

the exact same yet twisted. How was it

discovered? It all started in July 25, 1920

the day a scientist was born and that

scientist was Rosalind Franklin.

Rosalind Franklin, born in the

wealthy West London with her family,

owning several estates, a five-car garage, a

country house with a complete tennis court,

and an adjoining farm house. Although they

were wealthy, there came responsibility to

give back to the community according to

the principles in the Franklin family. They

were traced back to their ancestor all the

way to King David up to generations of

English and eastern English Jews. Rosalind

was the second oldest out of five sibling in

the family born by Ellis Franklin and Muriel

Waley. Her father, Ellis worked at a bank

called Keyser Bank, then volunteered as a

teacher and later a vice-principal at a

society called the Working Men's College.

When Rosalind was nine she

became ill from an infection and was sent

to a private boarding school in West London

that her parents found for specifically for

physically ill and weak young ladies. At the

age of eleven in 1932, Rosalind was

enrolled at St. Paul's School a public school

for girls only that has an excellent academic

reputation. Staying at St. Paul's Girl's school

made Rosalind realize her love for science.

Four years later, Rosalind knew her passion

was science and wanted it to be her career.

Science was mostly anti-social work which

matched her personality and she enjoyed

scientific thinking and experimentation.

She was once in trouble when the

headmistress of St. Paul called her parents

in because she and her new best friend Jean

had been bullying Jeans ex-best friend.

Rosalind grew up in an unsettled time

which was the war of the Nazi Germany and

many Jews fled to England creating it a

worldwide depression. As years passed by

Rosalind took an examination at the

University of Cambridge in physics and

chemistry, she was placed first in chemistry

because of that Rosalind was offered

admission to both Girton and Newnham

Colleges for women. Rosalind decided to go

to Newnham to study science.

Rosalind was shy, intelligent, lively,

strict, logical, unsocial, quiet, and was the

happiest when it comes to solving problems

with resolutions. She was specialized as a

physical chemist which studies the reaction,

composition, structure, atoms, and

molecules working often for about eight

hours. Years had passed by and Hitler

wanted to destroy the British population

areas by bringing a force of German

bombers. Bombs were dropped daily in

London and some bomb landed in the

Franklin's West side home causing the

family to leave London and change life for

Franklin's school because most scientists

left the universe to involve in war research.

As Rosalind got older she came very

independent and was a British biophysicist

who was known for her best work on the

molecular structure on the virus, coal,

graphite, and x-ray diffraction.

Rosalind was also known for the

discovery on the structure of DNA which is a

double helix, the two twist parallel lines

that holds the DNA base on her work on the

X-ray diffraction images on the DNA. She

earned her PhD and bachelor before she

died of ovarian cancer in April 16, 1958

possibly caused by her exposure to

radiation while working on her X-ray

crystallography without getting a Nobel

Prize because she died before it was

awarded to.

***

Citation:

Polcovar, Jane. Rosalind Franklin and the

Structure of Life. Greensboro, NC: Morgan

Reynolds Pub., 2006. Print.

Chem Co. Labs

Where we make learning chemistry a blast!

Oliver Heaviside

Tug of War By: Victoria Cohen

On May 18, 1850 the inventor of the

Heaviside layer around the earth was

born. A person who started to paint

his finger nails pink and moved

granite blocks into his

house for furniture. Also

started to sign W.O.R.M

after his name. Eventually

this strange person would

invent the Heaviside step

function. This person would

soon be known by many as

Oliver Heaviside. Growing

up was rough with his

hearing impairment from

scarlet fever but he

overcame that challenge

and accomplished many. He

accomplished over 4 things

that would change this world forever.

He was a smart guy for going to

school only until he was 16. When he

was 13 he was sent to Camden House

of Grammar but soon left because his

family could not afford it anymore.

After he left school he self-taught for

a year then moved into electrical

engineering, mathematics, and

physics. He worked with telegraphs

for 3 years then becoming an

electrician. As he got older he worked

with vector calculus and Maxwell’s

formula of electro magnetism which

wasn’t that far from his vector

methods. Electro magnetism involved

forces pulling

towards each other

for example if one

object had a stronger

magnet then the

other, the first one

would pull the one

with less magnetism

towards itself like tug

of war. Later on he

would prove that

radio waves bounce

off the earth from

the sun and other

planets to eventually

have the Heaviside layer named after

him. Another accomplishment he

made was adapting complex numbers

to the study of electrical circuits.

Eventually inventing mathematical

techniques for the solution of

differential equations. What this

means is he changed the face of

telecommunication, mathematics,

and science. Oliver made many

accomplishments and discoveries. He

would of probably made more if he

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were not to of died so young (around

45). Oliver was a strange person but

unique and a genus in many ways. He

made so many discoveries and

progress with him life. Oliver

probably made more

accomplishments in his life that

people did not know about and no

one ever found out about. Oliver

never got married and never had

kids. He made many things happen

but never had time for a family.

Oliver Heaviside was later the first

person to receive a faraday medal.

Many believe he deserved this medal

but could have worked with more

people on the way. Oliver later died

at age 74 on February 3, 1925; he

was buried at the eastern corner of

Paignton cemetery near his father

Thomas Heaviside and mother

Rachelle Elizabeth Heaviside. Later

his grave stone was cleaned in 2005

by an anonymous donor. As some

people his recognition was gained

after death. Oliver Heaviside is still

remembered today and will be for a

long time to come.

]

Albert Einstein as a

young physicist

Thinking Big By Jev Tatum

Have you ever wondered about how our electricity works or how matter takes up space? These are things my famous STEM celebrity Albert Einstein studied and I will show you what great accomplishments he had in his lifetime. He has gone through terrible times with school but he did not give up he kept learning and he became a genius.

Albert Einstein was born in March 14 1879. He was born in Ulm Germany. Surprisingly, Albert Einstein was slow learning how to speak which set him back a little. He also was a rebellious child he got expelled. The names of his family members are Hermann which was his father. His mother was Pauline.

Albert Einstein was fascinated with math and science. Then he became a physicist. He won the Nobel Prize in 1935. He also won the Gold medal of the

Royal astronomical society. He also won the Coldplay medal and the max medal.

Albert Einstein is a famous physicist because he won the Nobel Prize in 1935. Albert Einstein was born to a middle class Jewish family in Ulm Germany. Albert Einstein won the Nobel Prize because he was very smart and he knew a lot about the topic he was doing which was physics.

Albert Einstein is one of the smartest person in the world. Einstein’s first job was working as a patent clerk in Bern, Switzerland, Einstein had what came to be known as his “Annus Mirabilis” — or “miracle year”.

It was during this time that the Albert Einstein obtained his

Albert Einstein’s famous Equation

E=MC squared.

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Doctorate degree and published four of his most influential research papers, including the Special Theory of Relativity. In that, the now world famous equation "e=mc2" unlocked mysteries of the Universe theretofore unknown. Ten years later, in 1915, Einstein completed his General Theory of Relativity.

This is when Albert Einstein got

famous and everyone was talking about him. Einstein immigrated to the United States in the autumn of 1933 and moved to Princeton, New Jersey and a professorship at the prestigious Institute for Advanced Study.

Albert Einstein died 20 years later. He had a lot of accomplishments in his lifetime. I would say he was a very smart and successful. Albert Einstein

died in Princeton, New Jersey. He died in April, 18 1955.

Albert Einstein was a great physicist and a great mathematician. He uncover some of the of the world’s secrets now we will keep trying to find out the world’s biggest achievements.

Thomas Edison’s phonograph

When the sun goes down BY: Stan Ore

Have you ever wanted to read or do

something at night? In order to do so you

turn on the lights which comes from a light

bulb. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb

in 1879. He had also invented the first

music and sound recorder and player called

a phonograph in 1877. Thomas Edison was

a very important inventor and person in

America and the world. Thomas Edison was

born on February 11, 1847 and was the

youngest of seven

children. Edison only

went to school for 3

months then dropped

out to become

homeschooled by his

mother.

Thomas Edison

had hearing problems at

a young age and later

became deaf. Edison had

gotten married at the

age of sixteen to Mary

Stilwell and had three children. Mary had

died at the age of 29 in 1884 for unknown

causes. At the age of 39 he had married the

20 year old Mina Miller who was the

daughter of the famous inventor Lewis

Miller. Mina had outlived Edison who had

died in August 24, 1947. At an early age

Edison sold candy and newspapers for the

train station. After the train station one of

Edison’s first jobs was a telegrapher. He got

the job after saving a three year old from

getting hit by a train, what he did for this

job was he learned to become a telegraph

operator and then became one. In this job

he met a man who was also an inventor,

named Franklin Leonard Pope who allowed

Edison to invent things in the basement of

his New Jersey home. That

was the beginning of his

inventing career. Some of

his first inventions had to do

with telegraphing, including

a stock ticker. Edison’s first

patent was for an electric

vote recorder. What Edison

first became famous for was

his phonograph which

recorded things then played

what was recorded. After

the phonograph and many

other small inventions

Edison invented one of the

most used things in the world today. What

Edison had invented that is used so often,

but is taken for granted, is the lightbulb. He

invented the first successful lightbulb on

October 22, 1879. Edison had made many

different types of lightbulbs using various

materials. Edison also had a dispute about

which current was better, AC or DC

currents. Edison and his friend George

Westinghouse had discovered DC currents

which stands for “direct current “. Thomas

Edison had also made a kinetoscope which

was often put in arcades and would put out

little films for a penny. This was one of the

many motion picture inventions that Edison

had made.

Edison was not only a great inventor

but he was a great scientist. Sadly Edison

died on October 18, 1931 from diabetes

and had still been working almost two

months before his death. Edison was 84

years old when he died and had lived a

long, good, and happy life. Some of his

great inventions changed life for mankind

and will be remembered for a long time.

GET RIPPED, BRO!

Fake WEIGHt

13, 15, 21 By: Collins S. Castro

13, 15, 21. What do those numbers

mean? To Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev

those are three numbers that would

change his life forever. Growing up his

family had a business owned by his

father. When Mendeleev was just 13

years old his father died. At the age of

15 years old their business burned

down. But on a happier note when

Mendeleev was 21 years old he got his

first job as a scientist. Most people

don’t even graduate college until they

are 22. Once their business was ruined

his family needed a surefire way to

earn some money so Dmitri got a job.

His passion was always to become a

scientist. Unfortunately he was

diagnosed with Tuberculosis and that

cut his career short and also gave him

some obstacles to overcome but

nothing would stop the great Dmitri

Ivanovich Mendeleev. Mendeleev was

born February 8th, 1834 in Tobolsk,

Russia. Growing up he had 16 siblings

and his mother and father. In school he

was described to have an

“uncontrollable temper” and had little

friends. He was hated by all teachers.

His teachers would have never

guessed that he would be such a

successful human being and a well-

known and well liked scientist. Dmitri’s

family didn’t have enough money for

school so he walked from his home

town of Tobolsk with his mother all the

way to Moscow trying to find a school

that would accept him and that was

affordable. When they were turned

down in Moscow they traveled to Saint

Petersburg where Mendeleev was

accepted and his mother left him there

to live on his own as an orphan.

Mendeleev has won many awards for

his accomplishments (which he has

lots of). Some of his accomplishments

include developing periodic law and he

also created his own version of the

periodic table. His version of the

periodic table is the one we use today.

Mendeleev is known as the Father of

the Periodic Table. Periodic Law is

one of the most important things in

Unforgettable words ……… Lost in the winds of time.

science when referring to Chemistry

and science in general. He is also one

of the most well-known S.T.E.M.

scientists in the history of Science,

Technology, Engineering, and

Mathematics. Dmitri was married 2

times. His first wife was Feozka

Nikitichka Leshcheva who he was

married to from 1862 to 1882. In 1882

his first wife died. He married his

second wife, Anna Ivanova Popova.

Mendeleev married his second wife

just 2 days after his first wife died. I

would not say that he married his

second wife out of respect for the

dead. Does that hint that he was

cheating on his first wife because how

could he have met someone, dated

someone, proposed to someone, and

married someone all in the 2 days after

his wife’s death? It remains a mystery.

Mendeleev also had six children. His

children were, Lyubov Dmitrievna

Mendeleeva, Olga Mendeleeva, Maria

Mendeleeva, Ivan Mendeleev, Vladimir

Mendeleev, and Vasily Mendeleev.

Mendeleev had 16 siblings growing up

and two parents making them a family

of 19 until his father died when he was

13 years old. Mendeleev died when he

was 73 years old from tuberculosis.

Dmitri was diagnosed with

tuberculosis when he was very young.

Even though Mendeleev is dead his

legacy lives on in the world of

Chemistry.

***

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By Bob Miller

Who was this Scottish Scientist Well,

who made anti-bio tic’s we don’t

know well let me tell you it’s a long

story but well get through it. This

Scottish scientist has studied

medicine and has discovered

penicillin. Did he go to a good college

No, Did he have a good lab to work in

no. Have you ever got really sick and

you have to take antibiotics? Well

thank the one and only Alexander

Flemming.

Alexander Fleming was a Scottish

biologist who was born on August 6,

1881 in Darvel United Kingdom. He

was raised in a farm near Ayrshire. He

was the 3rd among 4 children of

farmer Hugh Fleming. His father Hugh

Fleming had 4 surviving children on

his first marriage. But at the age of 59

he had his second marriage. Hugh

Flemming then died of a heart attack

when his son Alexander Flemming

was at the age of 7. Alexander

Flemming then went to Loundon

Moore School and Darvel School. He

then earned his 2 year scholarship at

Kilmernock academy before moving

to London. After working at a ship

office for 4 years the 22 year old

inherited some money from his Uncle

John Flemming. Alexander Flemming

older brother Tom Flemming who

was already a physician suggested

Alexander Flemming to follow his

same career. So in 1903 Alexander

Flemming intended St. Mary

Medical School in Paddington. He

then qualified with an MBBS degree

in 1906. Alexander Fleming then

married a trained nurse in 1915. Her

name was Sarah Marion. Alexander

Flemming discovered penicillin in

1928. That discovery has changed the

world because he literally created a

Alexander Flemming working in his

Labratory

Pii U

Better than the Pii

germ killer. His discoveries brought

new hope to the world by battling

new diseases. For his discoveries he

then became famous and then one

the noble peace price in 1945. But

sadly he died on 11 March 1999.

After his death His son Robert

Flemming followed his father in

medicine. After that Robert F

So in conclusion Alexander Flemming

was a wonderful scientist, biologist.

His discoveries has changed the

world. We are just very lucky he had

discovered penicillin or antibiotics.

Even though his father died when he

was seven but did that stop him No,

He kept working and believing that

he can do it. So because of his

determine and persistence. He finally

did what he dreamed of discovering

something that changed the world.

We will always remember what

Alexander Flemming did. So in all he

was a great scientist who wanted to

make a change.

+

Modern technology is great right? You are using it right now aren’t you?

Technology has advanced so much over just a few years. There are many

inventors that make technology but there are the companies that you probably

know. There is Apple, Dell, Samsung, LG, Intel, and many more. Intel is in a lot of

machines isn’t it? Let’s find out about the creator of Intel, what he was like as a

child, and how he became successful.

Early Life

Robert Noyce was the co-founder of Intel and Fairchild Semiconductor. He was

born in December 12, 1927 at Burlington, Iowa. He was the third of four sons.

Robert was always a young inventor that was curious and wanted to improve

things. When he was about 12 years old he built a boy sized aircraft. They flew the

plane off of the roof of Grinnell College stables. Robert really excelled in

mathematics and science.

Robert Noyce went to college at Grinnell College and got suspended for one

semester for stealing the mayor’s 25lb pig. Robert studied in physics and then

received his doctorate in physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology

(MIT).

Career

Roberts’s first job was as an engineer at the Philco Corporation at Philadelphia in

1953. His next job was for Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory in 1956. Robert felt

like he was an under paid and wanted to start a business. He co-founder Fairchild

By Tim Jones

Semiconductor in 1957. Then Noyce wanted to start another business and this

business was Intel. He founded that in 1968 after he left Fairchild Semiconductor.

Robert and Gordon Moore were the founders of Intel. This was by far the most

successful company Robert has been a part of. Robert Noyce was not into fancy

corporate cars, reserved parking spaces, fancy office spaces, or private jets. He

did that to have a relaxed working environment. He left a good role model for the

future CEOs of Intel by declining executive perks. His total net worth was $3.7

billion. Robert Noyce then made a teacher scholarship program where it helps

students with STEM degrees get a master’s degree in teaching for K- 12.

Awards

Robert had won a lot of awards and

honors for numerous things. The

President Ronald Reagan awarded him

the National Medal of Technology in

1987. Then two years after that he got

inducted into the U.S Business Hall of Fame.

Robert also had received the Franklin

Institutes Stuart Ballantine Medal in 1966. 12

years later he received the IEEE Medal of

Honor in 1978. Shortly after that award he

was elected for the American Academy of

Arts and Sciences in 1980.

Death

Robert Noyce got put in a hospital from a heart attack at his home during June 3,

1990 and then later died at the Seton Medical Center in Austin, Texas. He was 62

years old.

This was Robert’s

most successful

company

Charlie at the Home Front By Patrick Robin

Perhaps he smiled to himself as he surveyed

the great vats that contained the life-saving

blood plasma. He had come far since being

a child, but then again, many great people

before him had as well. He had worked long

and hard in his younger years, and now it

had paid off. And perhaps he now thought

to himself “I wonder what the boys back

home would say if they saw me now”.

The

man destined to save many thousands of

lives began his own in the midst of

Washington D.C. on June 3rd of 1904. He

was born as the first child and Nora and

Richard Drew. Much of his early childhood

was spent playing around the famed Foggy

Bottom neighborhood. Drew was a star

pupil and by the time he graduated in 1922,

he was able to win a scholarship to Amherst

College, where he caught an interest in

medicine and planned to go to medical

school after college. But upon graduating in

1926, Drew discovered that there wasn’t

enough money for medical school.

Nonetheless, Drew worked for two years at

present-day Morgan State University in

Baltimore, Maryland, to earn money. After

saving up enough, Drew got admission to

McGill University, in Montreal, Canada.

There, Drew won several degrees and

graduated 2nd out of a class of 127.

Afterwards, Drew returned to the USA and

began working on research of blood

transfusions, looking over past successes

and failures. At the time, there was little

need for blood transfusions. However, the

need for such a process was rapidly brought

into being when World War II began. With

massive losses, there were many in need of

such treatment. The concept wasn’t new, as

blood transfusions dated back to 1667 and

by Drew’s time, it was possible extract and

store blood for a needy person. Drew

studied the problems of this process and

decided that blood plasma could be used as

a substitute in battlefield emergencies. In

1940, the Blood Transfusion Betterment

Association brought forth a meeting that

concluded with plans to start a blood-

banking program to aid the Allies in Europe.

By this time, Britain was the only Allied

titan, other than Russia, still alive and

fighting in Europe, and with massive civilian

losses from the Blitz bombing, such a

program was desperately need. By the time

the program ended several months later,

Drew had collected a record 14,000 pints of

plasma, enough to keep Britain in the war.

Even then, Drew’s role in blood transfusions

Charlie in his lab getup and equipment

did not end. In February of 1941, Drew

went to talk with the Red Cross about the

looming chance of war with the Axis

Powers, and suggested that they gather a

millions pints of plasma in case of war. The

Red Cross agreed and for the next several

months, Drew directed waves of willing

citizens to the hospitals to give some blood,

and also oversaw the preservation,

extraction and storage of the plasma. Like

many of his fellow Americans, Charlie was

working at the Home Front, and Charlie was

in the war now. He was also engaging in

further research of blood plasma when a

great outcry over the blood transfusions

erupted. The leaders of the War

Department had decided to segregate

Caucasian and African-American blood for.

This fuss enraged Drew and caused his

resignation as assistant supervisor of the

program. Luckily, his blood-banking

program was able to continue without him.

Afterwards, Drew became an examiner at

Howard University, with many great doctors

passing through his classes. \

Oddly enough, on April Fool’s Day in 1950,

Drew came to an inglorious end when he

and three friends were driving back home in

Burlington, North Carolina. Somehow, the

car crashed, and Drew was severely injured

and died the same day, leaving behind four

children, a young wife, and a great legacy.

In the forty-five years that he walked this

earth, he saved thousands of lives, and it is

often said that the 50 million deaths of

World War II would have been much

greater if not for the work of Charles

Richard Drew.

***

Sources

Charles Drew Physician by Robyn Mahome-

Lonesome

Where we make learning chemistry a blast!

A Ray of

Radioactivity

By: Veronica Carol

She devoted herself to science.

Today we look at her as a role

model and figure of success. She

was a scientist who was incredible

in every way. She is dead but her

spirit lives on in the science world.

She is the greatest figure of

Success of Women in S.T.E.M fields

and a success all around. She was

truly a wonderful woman and a

Successful Scientist. She devoted

her life to science until she died of

radioactivity poisoning also known

as cancer. She is the greatest

impact on science and she is Marie

Curie. Marie was born on

November 7, 1867 in Warsaw,

Poland. She was the youngest of

five children in her family. When

Marie was young science and math

came easy to her. She spent most

of her time in her studies and

followed her father’s way of

science. She took after him in

physics and math. Marie had a very

educated childhood with two

parents as teachers. When she

went into college it was very hard

for her because women didn’t

have the same rights that they do

now. She went to a

college in Paris named Sorbonne.

She worked on her studies and

focused on school. She got a

degree in mathematics and

physics. When Marie was done

with college she started working

on radioactivity and X-rays. This is

Marie Curie devoted herself to science.

She loved science her entire life.

Begin your day with a

Now

half off

at all

ShoeM

where she met Piere Curie who she

did not work in the same field as.

They soon fell in love and got

married. She kept on working on

radioactivity. As she worked in her

field of science she began to make

major discoveries. She received

two Nobel Prizes for two different

fields of science. One of the prizes

was for Physics and the other was

for Chemistry. She was fully

committed to science even after

the death of her husband. She was

fully committed to her field and

always was. Marie Curie died like

her husband from radioactivity

poisoning. Her work exposed her

to viruses including cancer. She

died on July 4th 1934. In 1948 a

cure for her disease was made and

in 2010 and 2011 the organization

raised $31,800 for

patients with this

disease. She lived a

wonderful life and had

many achievements to

be proud of. Marie

died for what she lived

for and that was

science. Even though

she had a love of her

life she loved science

more than anything. She lived a full

life to be proud of and today

people know that she made a

difference in the world of science

and the world of women. Marie

Curie had many accomplishments

in science. She changed science

forever, but she really changed

woman rights and the expectations

of woman today. She was a strong

woman scientist that changed the

world forever.

***

By Perry Ellis

How did a traumatized adult get so

high in technology at the age of 20

when he could worry about his real

parents. Steve Jobs was adopted at

birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs. He

attended Monta Loma elementary,

Homestead High school, and Reed

College. He had seen his first

computer at the age of 12. From

there on he started to like

computers. His best friend Steve

Wozniak was a computer lover as

well and wanted to be a computer

designer.

Childhood

Steve had attended

four schools

elementary, middle,

high, and part of

college. When Steve

Jobs finished high

school he went on to

college and after six

months in college he

quit because it put too

much strain on his parents finances.

But he stayed around as drop-in for

another 18 months before quitting

school for real. In his child hood he

was partly traumatized for not having

his real parents. He was gave up in

adoption from his biological mother

which was an unwed graduate

student. So this means he was gave

up in adoption twice. Steve Wozniak

was Steve J. best friend and they had

met in college.

Starting a Career

Steve was in love with

computers and so was

his best friend.

Wozniak dream was to

build a computer with

Jobs. Steve W. would

go to Steve J. garage

and they would gather

microchips, wires, and

many computer

related things. When

they were in Steve

dream was to build a

computer with Jobs. Steve

Steve Jobs is presenting the iPhone

4s

W. would go to Steve J. garage and

they would gather microchips, wires,

and many computer related things.

When they were in the garage they

came up with a Blue Box and it was a

phone and you can call nation. The

next product the two sold was the

Apple I. It was a kit for building a PC;

one that the customer needed to add

a monitor and keyboard to before

they could do anything with them.

After the blue box they made the

apple 1. From there on they started

the company Apple and in the first

year they made around.

End

of

life

Jobs

died

on

Oct.

5 from complications of pancreatic

cancer. He had gone from 1976 to

2011 with Apple and made it win

many awards and money. When

Steve Jobs died he was surrounded by

millions of people that admired him.

Apple was worth an incredible 600$

billion dollars. At the end Jobs was an

incredible inventor and designer. He

had spent at least 30 years working in

the company and he had made Apple

one of the most recognized marks in

the technology industry.

Hour Made

The Carson Family.

A WORLD WIDE WRITER By: Vivian Miller

Now famous for the global

environmental movement through

her books and writings. She changed

how people felt about the

environment through her books.

Rachel Carson was an amazing,

smart, educated women

When Rachel was young she

would explore her backyard, places

like her neighborhood, streams, and

forests, developing a great passion

for nature. Rachel was the youngest

of three children. She learned nature

most from her mother, Maria Frazier

McLean. The smart scientist named

Rachel was born on May 27, 1907 in

Springdale, Pennsylvania. Rachel

grew up in a Pennsylvania farm which

led

her

to

nature. When she was only 11 she

published her first story in the St.

Nicholas Magazine. Her titles for her

stories are: “A Young Hero” “A

Message to the Front”, and “A

Famous Sea Fight.”

As Rachel got older, she

attended school at a Pennsylvania

College for woman (now called

Chatham College.) Rachel received

her Master’s Degree in the

Pennsylvania College she attended at.

After she graduated she held a

summer study fellowship at the

Marine Biological Laboratory at

Woods Hole, Massachusetts. She

then entered John Hopkins University

of Maryland and completed her

Master’s in marine zoology. Rachel’s

love of writing and biology earned

her a part time position in with the

U.S. Bureau of Fisher’s in 1935 as a

temporary job where she wrote radio

scripts on marine life. From 1936 to

1952 she became a full time

employee of the Fish and Wildlife

service moving to positions that

further polished her skills as a writer

and editor. Rachel was then writing a

lot more than usual. She than

became a famous and advanced

Rachel’s most famous book called “Silent

Spring.”

writer. Her favorite book and first

was “Under the Sea Wind” which was

published in 1941. “The Sea Around

Us”, which was published in 1951.

“The Sea Around Us” won the

National Book Award, selling over

200,000 copies. Rachel’s most

famous book is “Silent Spring”

published in 1956. The book “Silent

Spring” changed so much in our lives

and it changed how people thought

about global environmental

movement, this book was

documented about the dangers in

pesticides and herbicides. It also

showed the long lasting presence of

toxic chemicals in water and on land

and the presence of DDT. Rachel’s

family mattered a lot more. In 1956

one of Rachel’s nieces died, and

Rachel adopted her niece’s son. In

1958, her mother unfortunately died,

leaving the son in Rachel’s sole care.

Rachel never married. In April 14,

1964 Rachel died with breast cancer,

in Silver Spade, Maryland. After

fighting for a long time. Her

interment is situated at Parklawn

Memorial Park and Menorah Gardens

in Rockville, Maryland. Rachel will be

known for her talent, her books and

her writings.

G laxy

*Voted best

coffee in

town for 5th

time!!

Make your morning

astronomical!

OPENING THE GATES Written By: Dan Smith

Bill Gates attended Harvard University, one of the best (if not the best) schools in the

country. But he found himself spending more time in the computer lab than actually

studying law. He would wait until the last minute to study for finals, and barely pass with a

passing grade. He and Paul Allen were reading an Electronics magazine when they saw the

Altair 8800 Mini-Computer. They told the company that made it, MITS, that they could

make software for it. MITS accepted the offer, but there was one problem. Bill and Paul did

not have an Altair to work with. They both worked hard, one writing the software and one

making a prototype similar to the Altair. When it became time to show MITS the software, it

worked flawlessly.

Bill Gates grew up in a loving upper-middle class family with 2 siblings. The

environment made each child want to strive for excellence. Bill’s parents were strong

believers in the public school system, but they decided to move Bill to a private school

because he was extremely withdrawn and bored in regular classes. At this public school, he

excelled in Math and Science, doing well at Drama and English as well. When he was in the

8th grade, a computer company gave the school a teletype terminal. This is how Bill first got

into computers. He programmed a tic-tac-toe game where you could play against the

computer.

Bill First wrote software for a small computer company in Albuquerque, New

Mexico. It worked flawlessly, however, people were buying it and redistributing it for free!

Only about 10% of BASIC software users had actually paid for it. Bill Gates was angry at this,

and he called it immoral and wrong. The owner of MITS eventually sold the company to

become a doctor. Bill and Allen had to sue the new owner to retain software rights. Bill and

Allen then made Microsoft. Microsoft wrote

software in different formats for other

computers. Gates moved Microsoft to Bellevue,

Washington. With his business knowledge,

gates put himself at the head of Microsoft. His

company made 2.5 million dollars.

In November of 1980, IBM was looking

for a new software for their new computer-

The PC. IBM looked to Gates to provide them

with software. Bill didn’t have the basic operating system. He bought one, making

Microsoft the full owner of it but not telling about the IBM deal. Bill Gates had to make the

Bill Gates at an Xbox conference

new software work on the PC. He delivered it for a 50000 dollar fee. IBM wanted to buy the

source code, which would’ve given information to the operating system. Gates refused,

knowing that other companies would soon copy the PC (which they did).

By 1983, Gates went global opening up offices in Britain and Japan. Gates software

now had 30% of worldwide computers running on it. Bill Gates introduced Windows, which

would show text and pictures, instead of code. This system would be much more user

friendly, since it would be easier to use for newcomers. Microsoft went public, originally

starting at 21 dollars a share. Bill owned 45% of the 24.7 million shares sold. It capped off

at 90 dollars a share, making him a billionaire. Other companies saw him as a ruthless

competitor, such as IBM. IBM ditched the MS-DOS operating system that Bill was using to

make a better one. Rather than suck up to the pressure, He pushed on with Windows,

making Microsoft Office. It had all the things you would need in an office, electronically.

Bill’s new version of Windows sold 100,000 copies in its first two weeks.

Bill Gates eventually stepped down as Microsoft’s chairman. His personal wealth

capped off at 101 billion dollars. Bill Gates is still working on his company, and Windows.

He will surely make more incredible things in the world of technology.

The New iDroid 21

When apples aren’t

enough, pick a cherry.

In this world, are some of the

greatest inventions ever created.

Some are unknown. But some

have some of the greatest

advancements known to mankind.

For instance, the car. It helped

traveling get easier. Or the cell

phone, it made communication

easier. But today, we will be

talking about the tesla coil. This

lead to some major technical

advancements. Without it cell

phones probably wouldn’t work.

With the help of this amazing

invention, we can keep in contact

using cell phones. The tesla coil is

used in the largest telephone pole

in the world. The one person who

created this coil is Nikola Tesla.

Personally he is my favorite

scientist, but were getting off

subject. Nikola tesla was born on

July 10 1856 in Smiljan, Lika. He

died January 7 in Manhattan, New

York city. He had few educations

that where actually helpful in his

career. He attended Graz

University of Technology (1875-

1878) and gymnasium Karlovac

(1870-1873). He had a couple of

awards for a few of his inventions

which I will speak of later, but he

Had earned the Elliot Cresson

medal, the IEEE Edison medal,

john

Scott legacy medal and premium.

The inventions he had come up with

to earn these awards are pretty

hefty ideas. Some people didn’t

think he could manage half of them

because They thought only a god

could manage. But then he made

the tesla coil, which changed

everything. People started to

believe, but he still had to push

to earn the respect he deserved.

Some more of his inventions

where three based power, neon

lamp, wireless telegraphy,

alternating current, induction

motor, the remote control, and

finally, the tesla coil.

HIS FAMILY:

His family was pretty big, his

father was the leader of the

Orthodox Church he had a sister

named Angelina Tesla, a brother

named Dane Tesla, and two more

sisters named Milka and Marca

Tesla.

HIS CHILDHOOD:

Nikola went to a poly technic

school, he wanted to start on

mechanical and electrical

engineering. He grew up in

Smiljan Lika.

THE LIGHNTING THEIF

Nikola Tesla

SMALL BIOGRAPHY:

After Tesla finished his education,

in 1882, he moved to France

where he worked on electrical

equipment. In 1884 he immigrated

to the USA to work for Thomas

Edison. In 1891 he became a

official citizen of the USA.

A poached Chimpanzee

found in Gombe,

Africa.

Going Ape Crazy By Poppie Cole

Who is Jane Goodall?

From monster to gentle giant, Jane Goodall gave a

new face to primates everywhere. Jane, scholar,

primatologist, wife, mother, and still works hard to

keep the wild life alive.

Born in 1934, her dreams had begun young. At eight

years old, Goodall wanted to go to Africa. As she

aged, this dream morphed into a real goal. By the

time she hit twenty-six, Jane was on her way to

Gombe, Africa. She was on a four month adventure

to study chimps at Stream Chimpanzee Reserve

located on Lake Tanganyika. This was the onset of

her life long journey.

Loving her wild experiences in Africa, Goodall devoted

more and more time to the chimps, eventually

spending fifty plus years studying them. Goodall

believes the spot light should be on the chimps - it

was never about her. She cared for the chips, not the

attention and awards.

A Transformation

People saw the chimps as a danger, a threat. Once she

stopped treating the Chimps like a science project,

they became equals. The apes weren’t afraid –they

saw her as a part of their family. Goodall knew

these animals couldn’t be cold hearted. She had to

show the rest of the world.

Opinion or Fact?

According to Marianne Schnall, a

journalist who interviewed

Goodall, Jane believes in

studying the chimps, not

hurting them. She feels we

should have hope for the natural

world, not try and wreck it. Goodall dreams and

works for the day people stop poaching chimps, and

disrupting the wild life to build.

What is happening to our apes?

In the past twenty years the chimp population has

decreased 20% due to poaching, diseases, and habitat

destruction. Many chimpanzees

are orphaned by murderous

poachers, stuck in cages, or

chained up pets. The apes are

subject to a mass decline to

their species. In response, The Jane Goodall Institute

was founded in 1977. She created a safe sanctuary

for the chimps. This institute is a global non-profit,

that wants to save the apes, and educate the public.

Keeping Up With the Current

Goodall couldn’t stop at just saving the apes, she has

to show the public! Wanting to reach out to the

children of the world Jane started “Roots and Shoots”

in 1991. Starting out with only fifteen eager kids

Roots and Shoots now has Shoots now has over

150,000 children, in 110 countries all over the world

Roots and Shoots wants to

expand their knowledge about

the wild so when they are

older they can break

boundaries of today’s world.

Roots and Shoots aims to show kids the beauty and

science of the wild, and how magical it can really be.

“Roots creep underground everywhere and make a firm foundation. Shoots seem very weak, but to reach the light, they can break open brick walls. Imagine that the brick walls are all the problems we have inflicted on our planet. Hundreds of thousands of Roots and Shoots, hundreds of thousands of young

people around the world, can break through these walls. We CAN change the world!”

Goodall Changed the World

Goodall has accomplished a lot in her fifty plus

years of work. She taught the human race that we

may not be the only creatures capable of using tools.

Lewis Leakey, Jane’s mentor, writes “We must now

redefine man, redefine tool, or accept chimpanzees as

human!” Goodall found social and mental traits that

chimpanzees and humans share, proving that chimps

aren’t as different as we first thought. Jane is

finally doing what she has set out to accomplish,

now verifying her hypothesis, primates are kind and

loving animals. Goodall has done it, and chimps all

over the world are on their way to a simple life.

Jane Goodall is a world class scientist who fights for

what she believes in. Without Jane life for the

chimps wouldn’t be the same.

Goodall interacts

with the Chimps.

Still Going

By Karsen Romero

Elizabeth H Blackburn was born on

November 28, 1948. She does not have any

younger brothers or sisters. She also does

Not have any other siblings. Her family…

(Her mom,

Father and she) moved to

Launceston, Tasmania as soon as Elizabeth

turned four because of her father’s job.

In Launceston, Elizabeth attended the broad land church house of English girl’s grammar school.

Elizabeth started to grow older. As she grew older, she began to study Genetics and Molecular Biology. She loved studying that

subject. She studied it more and more. She eventually grew old enough to Move out on her own. She moved to a place in the United States. She began to look at good colleges, colleges with good genetic and Molecular Biology programs/ classes. Elizabeth

Looked at University of California, Berkley, etc. She decided to attend, The University of California. She then had to move across to San Francisco bay in 1990. Before that, she attended Berkley in 1981. That’s where she studied Molecular biology.

When she moved across the San Francisco bay to attend University of California. She studied genetics at the University of California. Elizabeth fell in love with genetics so much she studied it to become a teacher at a local college. During college, she wanted to teach at the schools she went to only.

Elizabeth started thinking about applying for the university of California, San Francisco schools, and Berkley. She moved

to the University of California towards the end of sophomore year in college.

After she was done with college, she started to teach at Berkley, then she moved to University of California, so she was all over California sense her freshman year in the united states. Elizabeth had been such an inspiration to some students most of the students she has taught, want to be exactly like her. Elizabeth has won many, many,, many awards. She has won over 38 awards sense she graduated college.

Elizabeth is married to her husband named John. Elizabeth is still going on winning award, after award, after award. Elizabeth has won the NAS award in Molecular biology. ( 1990 ) The Harvey award ( 1999 ) Dickson prize (2000 ) Heineken Prize, Lasker award , Elizabeth is happily living in San

francisco,california With her husband and trying to raise her only son .`Her son is in his

mid 20s and is living on his own while his parents are living happily together.

The new iDroid 21

When apples aren’t enough, pick a cherry.

The Merchant of

Death

By. Ester Luttrel

On December 21, 1833, a boy named

Alfred Nobel was born in a little house

in Stockholm, Sweden. He was raised

poor, not knowing one day he’d be one

of the wealthiest men in Europe. His

father Immanuel was an inventor, but

was lacking business skill. He eventually

went bankrupt. Alfred’s mother,

Andriette, was Alfred’s idol. Alfred had 3

other brothers Ludwig, Robert, and

Emil. During Alfred’s life he hardly

rested, despite being ill most of his life.

One day this magnificent man would

become an important inventor and a

world figure.

The bachelor millionaire, was just 43,

and was living the high life in Paris off

his massive fortune. In private however,

Nobel was uncomfortable with his looks.

He was a man full of self-hatred. He

didn't think he was worthy of a woman

and he thought he was very ugly.

Bertha, a destitute Austrian countess 10

years his junior, only worked for him for

a week before suddenly rushing back to

marry him. But their strong friendship

lasted until Alfred died in 1896.

During Alfred’s childhood he was poor

and couldn't get a good education.

Alfred was most interested in literature,

chemistry, and physics. His father

wanted his son’s to follow in his

footsteps and was not pleased with

Alfred’s interest in poetry. He decided

to send the young man abroad to study

and become a chemical engineer. After

the Crimean War Alfred’s dad

Immanuel’s business went bankrupt.

Everything was horrible until moving to

St. Petersburg in 1837. After some time

his business started doing well and he

could now have the rest of the family

join him. The Nobel brothers than had

private tutors the rest of their lives. By

the age 17 Alfred could read and write

fluently in 6 different languages.

Later he met a young Italian chemist,

Ascanio Sobrero, who invented

nitroglycerin, a highly explosive liquid.

Alfred became very interested in this

liquid. Alfred found that mixing

nitroglycerin with fine sand called

kieselguhr would turn the liquid into

paste, which could be shaped into rods.

These rods could later be inserted into

drilling holes. In 1866 Alfred got a

patent for the invention he called

dynamite. He got the name “The

Merchant of Death” because of all the

accidents dynamite caused. There were

many killed, one being Emil, Alfred’s

younger brother.

It took Alfred several years to write his

final will, which was dated November

27, 1895. In his will he left 31 million

dollars to fund the Nobel Prizes (which

is about 265 million dollars today. The

first prize was awarded in 1901. Since

then the Nobel Prize has been honoring

men and women from all over the globe

for wonderful achievements. On

December 10, 1896, this great man died

of a stroke in Sanremo, Italy.

The first person ever to win the Nobel

Prize was Marie Curie. She won the

prize in physics, and was the first

women ever to win the prize. You could

win the prize for: physics, chemistry,

medicine, literature, peace, and

economic sciences.

There has been a total of 889 Nobel

Prizes given out, 49 have gone to

women, 2 have been declined and the

youngest person ever to win a Nobel

Prize was 17.

The Nobel Prize

Caenorhabditis elegand

By: Savannah Maria

Nematodes?

Those may be pretty gross to others,

although, studying this invertebrate is what

Sydney Brenner is known for. Sydney

Brenner had researched developmental

biology. With all of his studying time, he

made those “nasty” nematodes into a

model organism. What’s a “model

organism?” you might ask. A model

organism is a non-human species that is

studied to research human diseases when

human experimentation shouldn’t be ready

to be used. So honestly, I think those

nematodes are pretty important knowing

that Sydney Brenner is known for this. He is

known for this also because he got a Noble

Prize in 2002. Himself, H. Robert Horvitz

and John Sulston won that award for

regarding gene regulation of organ

development and programed cell death or

known as apoptosis.

Sydney Brenner and his associate

discovered messenger RNA in 1961. Within

1961, Sydney and Francis H. Crick

confirmed their theory on the structure of

the genetic code. This genetic code was the

non-overlapping three genetic code. Sydney

Brenner studied bacterial genetics, so with

that knowledge, this was a big discovery.

The three genetic code was not just for

human genes, the key was also for model

organisms. The genetic code is very

important especially if you are studying

model organism.

Sydney Brenner was a very

intelligent child and is an intelligent

scientist today! Sydney was born in in

Germiston, South Africa on January 13,

1927. He would start to read once he was at

the age of four. He then attended fourth

grade at the age of six. Once he was 15, he

was enrolled at Witwatersrand in South

Africa, with a scholarship. During the young

years of Sydney’s life, he loved to

experiment many things, especially once he

was in grade school. Although, Sydney

Brenner was a very curious child. Sydney

Brenner was interested as a child, in

chemistry and favored to try things with

test tubes and other glass wear to perform

chemical experiments. He would perform

small experiments by taking chemicals that

was in medicine. Sydney Brenner’s field of

study is biology. During 1942, he studied a

lot of physics, chemistry, Botany, and

zoology. Sydney Brenner graduated from

biochemistry. Sydney Brenner is currently

Eighty-seven years old and works at the

Stalk Institute for biological studies in La

Jolla, California.

This is the three non-overlapping

genetic code that Sydney Benner and

Francis Crick discovered and created.

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