Unconventional (Coal/Organic Shale) Reservoir Small … · Virginia Tech Virginia Coal and Energy...
Transcript of Unconventional (Coal/Organic Shale) Reservoir Small … · Virginia Tech Virginia Coal and Energy...
Unconventional (Coal/Organic Shale)
Reservoir Small-Scale CO2 Injection Tests in
the Central Appalachian Basin
Nino Ripepi
Department of Mining & Minerals Engineering
Virginia Center for Coal & Energy Research
Virginia Tech
Virginia Coal and Energy Alliance Annual Meeting
Kingsport, TN
May 19, 2015
Project Overview: Goals and Objectives
Objectives:
Inject up to 20,000 metric tons of CO2 into 3 vertical CBM
wells over a one-year period in Central Appalachia
Perform a small (approximately 400-500 metric tons) Huff
and Puff test in a horizontal shale gas well
Duration: 4 years, October 1, 2011–September 30, 2016
Funding: U.S. DOE / NETL: $11,499,265
Non-DOE: $2,874,825 / Total Project Value: $14,374,090
Goals
Test the storage potential of unmineable coal seams and
shale reservoirs
Learn about adsorption and swelling behaviors of coal and
shale (methane vs. CO2)
Test the potential for enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM)
and enhanced gas (EGR) production and recovery
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Research Partners
• Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research (Virginia Tech)1,2,3,4,5
• Cardno2,3
• Gerald Hill, Ph.D.1,4
• Southern States Energy Board1,5
• Virginia Dept. of Mines, Minerals and Energy3
• Geological Survey of Alabama3
• Sandia Technologies3
• Det Norske Veritas (DNV)4
• Consol Energy (Research Group)2,3
Industrial Partners
• Consol Energy (CNX Gas)
• Harrison-Wyatt, LLC
• Emory River, LLC
• Dominion Energy
• Alpha Natural Resources
• Flo-CO2
Collaborators• Schlumberger
• Global Geophysical Services
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory
• University of Tennessee
• University of Virginia
• Southern Illinois University
• Oklahoma State University
1 Project management2 Operations3 Research4 Risk management5 Outreach
– Selected Three Wells for
Injection: September, 2012
– Access Agreements: Jan.
2013
– Class II UIC Permit: Dec.
2013
– Drilling Permits Received
– Corehole: July 2014
– Monitoring Wells: March 2015
– Converted Injection Wells:
April 2015
– CO2 Injection: May/June 2015
– Post-Injection Monitoring:
June 2016
Small Scale Injection of CO2 in Buchanan County, VA (20,000 tons)
Boissevain
7 R
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4224
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37'
4475
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75'
3491
'34
95'
2904
'28
97'
SECARB PilotInjection Well
RU-84
Honaker
Raven
Vansant
CBM Injection Candidates
CNX GAS CBM WELL
EQT CBM WELL
RANGE RESOURCES CBM WELL
POCAHONTAS NO. 3 DEEP MINE
SURFACE FAULTS
QUADRANGLE BOUNDARIES
TOWNS
0 5,000 10,000
SCALE IN FEET
DICKENSON CO.
RUSSELL CO.
BUCHANANCO.
Buffalo M
ountain Fault
Keen M
tn F
ault
UD
Russell Fork Fault
Little
Paw
Paw
Fault
Fault
TestSite
– Selected Three Wells for
Injection: September, 2012
– Access Agreements: Jan.
2013
– Class II UIC Permit: Dec.
2013
– Drilling Permits Received
– Corehole: July 2014
– Monitoring Wells: March 2015
– Converted Injection Wells:
April 2015
– CO2 Injection: May/June 2015
– Post-Injection Monitoring:
June 2016
Small Scale Injection of CO2 in Buchanan County, VA (20,000 tons)
1,000 Ton ECBM Huff-n-Puff in VA25% CO2 produced in 5 years
Shut-in Period with CO2 Injection
mid November ‘08 – mid May ‘09
Pre CO2 Injection EUR = 319 MMcf
Post CO2 Injection EUR = 471 MMcf
Gas P
rod
ucti
on
, M
cf/
mo
nth
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CBM CO2 Injection Test in Buchanan County, VirginiaMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Oakwood Field Demonstration Site
MVA Focus Area
• Injection wells
• CBM production wells
• MVA boundaries
• Roads
• Monitoring and
characterization wells
• Microseismic array (28 stns)
• GPS array (20 monuments)
DD-7 DD-8
DD-7A
½-mile
boundary¼-mile
boundary
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CBM CO2 Injection Test in Buchanan County, VirginiaMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Oakwood Field Demonstration Site
MVA Focus Area
• Injection wells
• CBM production wells
• MVA boundaries
• Roads
• Monitoring and
characterization wells
• Microseismic array (28 stns)
• GPS array (20 monuments)
DD-7 DD-8
DD-7A
M1
M2
C1
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CBM CO2 Injection Test in Buchanan County, VirginiaMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Oakwood Field Demonstration Site
MVA Focus Area
• Injection wells
• CBM production wells
• MVA boundaries
• Roads
• Monitoring and
characterization wells
• Microseismic array (28 stns)
• GPS array (20 monuments)
DD-7 DD-8
DD-7A
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CBM CO2 Injection Test in Buchanan County, VirginiaMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Oakwood Field Demonstration Site
MVA Focus Area
• Injection wells
• CBM production wells
• MVA boundaries
• Roads
• Monitoring and
characterization wells
• Microseismic array (28 stns)
• GPS array (20 monuments)
DD-7 DD-8
DD-7A
GC 74.02 204.3 36.23
LS 20 47.7 409.12 11.66
UH 10 40.21 350.93 11.46
Poc 11 69.5 323.41 21.49
Poc 10 73.28 464.73 15.77
Poc 9 30.89 207.67 14.87
Poc 7 48.15 340.54 14.14
Poc 5-10 41.05 385.25 10.66
Poc 5-20 47.95 379.22 12.64
Poc 4 33.21 216.34 24.77
Poc 3-10 33.69 108.12 31.16
Poc 3-20 37.91 106.57 35.57
Poc 2 52.88 217.76 24.28
average: 20.36
Carb. shale 56.74 75.88 74.78
Percent residual
gas (%)
Total gas
(scf/t)Coal name
Residual gas
(scf/t)
CBM Test: Laboratory Results
Gas Content for Coal and Shale in Buchanan CountyFrom Characterization well, C-1
X-ray CT scan of
Buchanan County
coal where blue
indicates porosity
(cleats)
CBM Test: Laboratory Results
X-ray CT scan of
Buchanan County
coal where red
indicates filled cleats
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Shale CO2 Injection Test (510 tons)
Morgan County, Tennessee
• Horizontal well in Chattanooga Shale
formation, drilled in 2009
• Legacy producing gas well permitted under
TDEC
• 510 tons for “huff and puff” injection test
• Injection period: March 18-31, 2014 (14 days)
• Shut-in period: March 31- July 29, 2014
(~4 months)
• Flowback period: July 29, 2014- present
(~9 months)
• Current status: post-injection monitoring
Reservoir
Modeling
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Shale CO2 Injection Test in Morgan County, TennesseeOperations Overview
Storage
Vessel Injection
Skid
Propane Heater
HW-1003
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Shale CO2 Injection Test in Morgan County, TennesseeOperations Overview
Storage
Vessel Injection
Skid
Propane Heater
HW-1003
Check valve
Tracer Injection
Tee
Ball valve
Check valve
Gate
valve
CO2
Inlet
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• Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
– 0.574 kg at 50-ton mark
– Booster Pump and Air Compressor
• Perfluoromethylcyclopentane (PMCP)
– 0.854 kg at 50-ton mark
– Syringe Pump
• Perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH)
– 0.894 kg at 350-ton mark
– Syringe Pump
Shale CO2 Injection Test in Morgan County, TennesseeMonitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA)
Perfluorocarbon TracersInjected with CO2 stream
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Shale CO2 Injection Test in Morgan County, TennesseeInjection Summary
• 510 tons CO2 injected
• Avg. Flow Rate: 40 tons/day
(predicted: 50 tons/day)
• Avg. Wellhead Temp: 50º F
• Max Wellhead Pressure: ~500 psi (Gas Phase)
(predicted: ~800 psi) – (Liquid Phase)
FLOWBACK RESULTS
FLOWBACK RESULTS
FLOWBACK RESULTS -
TRACERS
Crecovered < Cinjected
FLOWBACK RESULTS
• 35% of CO2 recovered - 0.11 tons/day (> 8 years to recover CO2)
• @ $3.74 per Mcf and $45 per BBL of NGL:
– EGR = $30K or $60 per ton