UNCLASSIFIEDENGINEER DESIGN TEST OF 40-94 GRENADE LAUNCHER ATTACHMENTS FOR M16A1 RIFLE (GLAD) (U)...

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.RDT&E Project No. 1XS42703D345USATECOM Project No. 8-9-0240-09Report No. DPS-2929

FINAL REPORT ON

ENGINEER DESIGN TEST

OF

40-94 GRENADE LAUNCHER ATTACHMENTS FOR

M16A1 RIFLE (GLAD) (U)

BYDO

tERIC KEELE , ,'Nf , rmfri fTGEORGE HENDRICKS

Thi mate..ae conains Titterai afS.in th. Saioa C. SDB.. 79 m 1968 U4OCT 23 1d a.dthe Usited State. 'wtthta, the meaninfg of the

the trasma sin or e vae l t.ationt of which ta gay mangerto an uaautberised pew... is prohibited by Ia-. C

GRU 4 CODE SHEET CONTAINED WITH1IN THISDOWNGRADED AT 3 YEAR INTERVALS REPORT WILL BE REMOVED PRIOR TO

DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARS DISTRIBUTrION OUTSIDE TUlE DEPART-DOD DIR S200.10 NENT OF DEFENSE.

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ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

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RDT&E PROJECT NO. 1XS42703D34S

USATECOM PROJECT NO. 8-8-0240-09

ENGINEER DESIGN TEST OF 40-M GRENADELAUNCHER ATTACHMENTS FOR M16Al RIFLE (GLAD) (U)

FINAL REPORT

BY

ERIC KEELE

GEORGE HENDRICKS

OCTOBER 1968

STAT1MEXT 0 CILASI3L

.,n addition to security requirements which apply to this document.nd must be met, it may be further tistributed by the holder onl'±th specific approval of .(1 .,_.'4_A/ ,'S c,',7Z'79""'

• -/(/ / .,'.•A,• .•.•, e",-• 6,2 o&.-

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUNDABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND

21005

J.1t

GROUP 4DOWNGRADED AT 3 YEAR INTERVALS

DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARSDOD DIR 5200.10

T11IS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORP4ATION AFFECTING THENATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES WITHIN THEMEANING OF THE ESPIONAGE LAWS, TITLE 18, U.S.C.SECTIONS 793 AND 794, THE TRANSMISSION OR REVE-LATION OF WHICH IN ANY MANNER TO AN UNAUTHORIZEDPERSON IS PROHIBITED BY LAW.

This document has been classified by authorityof AMCTC 4759, approved 18 August 1966 and byauthority of Technical Characteristics for 40-141Grenade Launcher Attachments for Rifles, approved18 October 1967.

iv

.. .. ..

(U) TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

ABSTRACT ------------------------------------------------------- vi

FORE$%ORD ------------------------------------------------------ vi

SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND ------------------------------------------------ 11.2 DESCRIPTION OF M•ATERIEL --------------- -------------------- 21.3 TEST OBJECTIVES - -------- ------------------------------- 81.4 SUMMARY OF RESULTS ---------------------------------------- 81.5 CONCLUSIONS ------------------------------- ---------------- 171.6 RECOMMENDATIONS ----------------------------- ---------- -17

SECTION 2. DETAILS OF TEST

2.1 INTRODUCTION ---------------- ----------------------------- 182.2 INITIAL INSPECTION ------ -------------------------------- 202.3 SAFETY EXAMINATION .------------------------f.------------ - 382.4 VELOCITY, ACCURACY AND DISPERSION TEST -------------------- 472.5 LOW-TEMPERATURE TEST (-650F) ----------------------.------- 622.6 HIIGH-TEMPERATURE TEST (+IS5°F) -----------------------------. 642.7 STATIC DUST TEST --- ------------------------------------ 67"2.8 UNLUBRICATED TEST ------------------------------- 702.9 WATER SPRAY TEST --------------- ---------------- ----------- 722.10 DYNAMIC DUST TEST ----------------------- f----------------- 742.11 MJD TEST -------------------------------.------------------ 772.12 SALT-WATER IMMERSION TEST -------------.------------------- 802.13 RELIABILITY TEST -------.-------------- f-------.----------- 832.14 RIFLE BARREL DURABILITY TEST -------------------.---------- 1062.15 RUGGEDNESS TEST --------- --------------------------------- 1082.16 SOLVENTS AND LUBRICANTS COMPATIBILITY --------------------- 110

SECTION 3. APPENDICES

TEST DATA --------....------------------------------------------- I-I "CORRESPONDENCE ------------------------------------------------- 11-1REFERENCES ----------. ..------------ w-.------- ------------------- 111-1DISTRIBUTION LIST ---- ------------------------------------ IV-1

V

(U) ABSTRACT

This test was conducted primarily to evaluate the characteristicsof two prototype 0-mm grenade-launcher attachments for the M16/Ml6Alrifle and to determine which was the better design for continued de-velopment. One launcher attachment was a pump-action design and theother was a pivot-action design. Additionally, as a portion of a,continuing phase cf the special-purpose individual weapon (SPIW) pro-gram, the 40-mm disposable barrel cartridge area target anmunition(DBCATA) concept was tested concurrently., The testing consisted ofvelocity, accuracy, reliability, adverse conditions, ruggedness, andlubricants compatibility tests. Testing began in May and was completedin August 1968. It was found that, on an over-all test basis, thefunctioning performance of the pump launcher was superior to that ofthe pivot and DBCATA launchers. Additionally,! it was found that thetest launchers, irrespective of type, were detrimental to the function-ing performance of the rifle to which attached. The firing of thelauncher caused the operating parts of the rifle to recoil out ofposition, resulting in rifle failures to fire and failures of the hammerto remain seared. On two occasions, the latter condition caused in-advertont firing of the rifle when an attached pivot launcher was fired.It was recommended that, of the three launcher designs tested, thedesign of the pump launcher be considered to offer the more feasibleapproach toward development of a suitable grenade launcher. It wasalso recommended that additional R and D efforts to improve the designof the DBCATA launcher be undertaken, if the system is to be furtherconsidered.

(U) FOREWORD

Materiel Test Directorate (formerly Development and Proof Services)was responsible for conducting the test and preparing the final report.The material for the test plan was provided by MID, USAIB, BRL, andHEL with the Office of the Project Manager, Rifles (AMCPM-RS) responsi-ble for over-all coordination of the test program.

vi

CONFIDENTIALABERDEEN PROVING GROUND

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND 21005


FINAL REPORT ON ENGINEER DESIGN TEST OF40-MM GRENADE LAUNCHER ATTACHIENTS FOR

Ml6Al RIFLE (GLAD) (U)

MAY TO AUGUST 1968

SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION (U)

1.1 (U) BACKGROUND

The grenade-launcher attachment development (GLAD) program is anevolution of a program which began several years ago to obtain a suit-able 40-mm grenade-launcher attachment for use on the X1l68l rifle(now the M•l6A). In 1964, three types of prototype grenade-launcherattachments were subjected to military potential tests. All launcherdesigns were single-shot and fired the standard family of 40-mm grenadecartridges for the M79 launcher. The launcher now known as the )(M148proved to be the best design. Further development of the design wascontinued and production-models were manufactured.

In January 1967 a New Equipment Training Team arrived in Viet Namand trained personnel in the care and use of the XD148 grenade launcher.At the same time, the Army Concept Team in Viet Nam (ACTIV) conducted anevaluation of the launcher and found it to be unsatisfactory for oper-ational use in Viet Nam. Subsequently, the GLAD program was initiatedand on 1 May 1968 Codes AA and AN Firms each delivered 20 prototypegrenade-launcher attachments to the Army for engineer design tests whichwere conducted concurrently by the United States Army Infantry Board,Human Engineering and Ballistic Research Laboratories, and MaterielTest Directorate (formerly Development and Proof Services).

At this time, Code AA also delivered 20 launchers for the dis-posable barrel cartridge area target ammunition (DBCATA) concept

GROUP 4DOWNGRADED AT 3 YEAR INTERVALS

DECLASSIFIED AFTER 12 YEARSDOD DIR 5200.10

1

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

(hereafter referred to as the DDCATA launcher) for concurrent evalua-tion with the other two grenade-launcher attachments. The DBCATAprogram is a continuing phase of the special-purpose individual weapon(SPIW) program. The original requirement in the SPIW program was for a3-shot semiautomatic launcher concept; however, the continuing programis now concentrating on a single-shot design that can be vaunted on theM16Al rifle or other standard weapons, as well as SPIW.

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF MATERIEL (U)

(C) The three grenade launcher types tested are of a single-shotconcept designed for attachment to the M16AI rifle and XM177E2 sub-vachine gun. The Code AA and AN launchers are designed to fire thestandard family of 40-nm grenade cartridges for the M79 launcher. TheDBCATA is also 40-mn, but is designed to fire a unique ammunition, inthat each cartridge is a disposable barrel. The propellant gases 'fromfiring are contained in a telescoping cup within the disposable barrel.This eliminates smoke and flash display and reduces the sound of firing.The cartridges are designed to utilize the 40-mn M407A1 practice andM406 HE projectiles of the family of ammunition for the M79 launcher.

(U) The Code AA launcher, hereafter referred to as the pump-launcher, is a hammerless, pump-operated mechanism with a forward wovingbarrel which is assembled to the underside of the launcher housing witha T-shaped track. The pumping action, or forward motion of the barrel,automatically recocks the mechanism and extracts the fired case, whichis ejected forward and down by a spring-loaded ejector. Loading of thelauncher is accomplished by inserting a round into the open breech withthe barrel in the forward position and pulling the barrel rearward tothe locked position. The safety is of the type which blocks the move-ment of the trigger. It is located forward of the trigger within thetrigger-guard and is released by forward pressure of the trigger finger.

(U) A quadrant-type sight is featured with the pump launcher.The sight is adjustable in elevation and deflection independently ofrange settings and provides range selections from S0 to 400 meters, in25-meter increments. The sight mounts on the underside of the carryinghandle of the rifle (or submachine gun) and is readily removed byloosening the mounting screw. The right and left side views of a pumplauncher attached to an Ml6A1 rifle and of the sight are shown inFigures 1.2-1 and 1.2-2.

2

CONFIDENTIAL

Figure 1.2-1 (U): Right and Left Side Views of the Pumip LauncherAttached to the M16Al Rifle (U).

Figure 1.2-2 (U): Three-Quarter Rear View of the Primary Sightfor the Pump~ and DBCATA Launchers (u).

3

(U) The Code AN launcher, hereafter referred to as the pivot launch-or, features a barrel which pivots to the right or left on upper andlower trunnion pins. Opening of the breech is accomplished by depress-ing the cocking levers which cock the firing mechanism and release thebarrel for manual pivoting. As the barrel is pivoted, ejection is per-formed automatically by a spring-loaded ejector sleeve which movescoaxially with the barrel. Loading of the launcher is accomplished byinserting a round into the breech, pushing forward on the base of theround with the heel of the hand to compress the ejector spring, andsubsequently pivoting the barrel into the locked position. The firingmechanism is similar to that found in a single-action revolver with allmoving parts on pivot pins. An access cover to the firing mechanism isprovided on the right side of the launcher housing for inspection andmaintenance. The safety is of the type which engages the sear andblocks movement of the sear and trigger. It is located forward of thetrigger and can be actuated from either the right or left side of thelauncher. Right and left side views of a pivot launcher attached toan M16A1 rifle are shown in Figure 1.2-3.

Figure 1.2-3 (U): Right and Left Side Views of the PivotLauncher Attached to the M16A1 Rifle (U).

4

As with the pump-launcher, a quadrant-type sight is provided. The sightis adjustable in elevation and deflection independent of range settingsand provides range selections from 50 to 375 meters, in 2S-meterincrements. The sight mounts at the rear of the carrying handle of therifle (or submachine gun) and is readily removed by depressing a springrelease on the back of the sight. In addition to the quadrant sight. aladder-type sight which mounts on, the top of the Ml6Al rifle, directlybehind the front sight, is provided for use as a battle sight. The sightis adjustable in elevation and deflection and is graduated from 50 to 250meters in 50-meter increments. Views of the quadrant sight and the battlesight are shown in Figures 1.2-4 and 1.2-5.

N•

Figure 1.2-4 (U): Three-Quarter Rear View of the Primary Sightfor the Pivot Launcher (U).

"S

CONFIDENTIAL

Figure 1.2-5 (U): Three-Quarter Rear View of the Battle Sightfor the Pivot Launcher (U).

(C) The DBCATA launcher, in essence, is a launching platform inwhich the cartridge assembly, consisting of a disposable rifled barrelcasing with a standard 40-mm projectile, is mounted for firing. Whenfired, the projectile is launched from the rifled casing, a piston-type primer in the casing forces the firing pin rearward to accomplishrecocking of the firing mechanism, and the rifled casing is automatical-ly ejected. The launcher is then ready for reloading which is accom-plished by attaching another cartridge to the breech face. The safetyon the DBCATA launcher is similar to that of the pump-launcher in thatit is located forward of the trigger within the trigger-guard andblocks the movement of the trigger. Views of the right and left sideof the DBCATA launcher assembled to the M16AI rifle are shown inFigure 1.2-6.

6

CON FIDENTIAL

Figure 1.2-6 (U): Right and Left Side Views of the DBCATA Launcher

Attached to the M16Al Rifle (U).

(U) The sight provided for the DBCATA launcher is similar indesigT. to that for the pump-launcher with the only difference being in

the range graduations to compensate for the higher velocity of theDBCATA ammunition.

(U) The DBCATA launcher presently is not in contention with thepump and pivot launchers for immediate adoption, but is an R and 0item. To provide a direct comparison of performnce, however, theDBCATA was tested concurrently with the GLAD concepts.

7

K~. -77-

1.3 (U) TEST OBJECTIVES

The test objectives were as follows:

a.ý To evaluate the functioning characteristics of the threegrenade launcher attachments and determine which of the twoGLAD concepts (pump or pivot) is the better launcher forcontinued development.

b. To determine if the launcher attachments meet the require-ments of the technical characteristics for 40-ma grenadelauncher attachments for rifles.

c. To evaluate the suitability of the grenade-launcher attachmentsfor use with the MIM6A rifle and XM177E2 submachine gun.

1.4 SLIMIARY OF RESULTS (U)

1.4.1 (U) Subt.:st Findings

1.4.1.1 Inspection. All three test launchers were readily attachableto the M16Al rifle; however, the attachment of the launchers to theXH177E2 submachine gun required that modifications be made to the sub-machine gun for the pump and pivot launchers, and to both the submachinegun and launcher for attachment of the DBCATA. The attachment of thepump launcher added 2.7 lb to the weight of the rifle or submachine gun,the pivot launcher added 3.0 lb, and the DBCATA 2.3 lb.

A total of 95 individually manufactured parts was contained inthe pump launcher, 97 in the DBCATA, and 150 in the pivot launcher. Itshould be noted that the 150 total for the pivot launcher included botha primary and battle sight. No battle sight was provided for the pumpand DBCATA launchers. The battle sight for the pivot launcher contained28 parts.

The operations required for care and maintenance of the testlaunchers were deemed not ;o be more difficult nor time-consuming thancomparable operations on the H79 launcher. No special tools or clean-ing equipment other than those used with the M79 launcher were requiredfor operator maintenance of any of the three launchers.

1.4.1.2 Safety Examination. The launchers were safe to fire from theshoulder provided precautions for inherent features as discussed inpar. 2.3.4 were observed.

: 8

The heat transferred to a grenade cartridge loaded in any ofthe test launchers, as a result of the rapid firing of the MI6Al rifle,was well below the cook-off point of the M406 HE round.

The calculated recoil energy of the pump and pivot launcherswas 14 to 16 ft-lbs, depending upon which round of ammunition was beingfired and whether, the launcher was assembled to the M16A1 rifle or tothe lighter XM177E2 submachine gun. The calculated recoil energy ofthe DBCATA launcher was 15 to 18 ft-lbs, again depending upon theweapon to which the launcher was attached. In comparison, the recoilenergy of the M79 launcher was 22 to 24 ft-lbs.

1.4.1.3 Velocity and Accuracy. The average velocity was 243.4 fps forthe pump launcher, 234.8 fps for the pivot launcher, and 252.9 fps forthe DBCATA launcher. The round-to-round velocity variation with thetest launchers was comparable. The average velocity for the M79launcher with the same lot of ammunition used in the pump and pivotlaunchers was 235.7 fps.

The grouping characteristics of the M16AI rifle were notadversely affected by attachment of any of the test launchers; however,attachment of the pivot launcher caused a shift in center-of-impactlocation with the rifle of approximately one mil. The sights on therifle could be readjusted to compensate for the shift with latituderemaining for further adjustment. No sight adjustment was requiredwith attachment of either the pump or DBCATA launchers.

Round-to-round dispersion of 40-mm ammunition with the pumpand pivot launchers was comparable at all ranges. The sight on thepivot launcher was not correctly graduated for the velocity levelproduced by the launchers with the test lot of ammunition. Firingswith the M79 launcher demonstrated that the M79 sights also did notmtch the test lot of ammunition, in approximately the same mannerand to the same degree as the pivot launcher. It should be notedthat the M79 and pivot launchers were comparable with regard tovelocity level. The sights on the pump launcher were reasonably wellmatched to the test lot of ammunition; however, the pump launcherfired the test lot at a velocity approximately ten feet per secondhigher than did the 1479 and pivot launchers. The battle sight providedfor use with the pivot launcher also was not correctly graduated.The graduations on the sight for the DBCATA launcher were accurate atall ranges; however, the round-to-round dispersion was slightly greaterthan that of the pump and pivot launchers.

1.4.1.4 Adverse Conditions. The number of stoppages which occurredin the adverse conditions test are summarized in Table 1.4-1.

9

Table 1.4-1 (U). Number of Stoppages inAdverse Conditions Tests (U)

No. of StoppagesSubtest P Pivot DBCATA

Low-temperature (-65"F) a5 8 22 88High-temperature (+155*F) 0 10 42Static dust 0 10 8Unlubricated 0 9 22Water spray 0 29 5Dynamic dust 0 21 18kid 0 23Salt-water immersion 0 31 9

aFifty-four of the 58 stoppages were failures to extract. The extrac-

tors were modified after the low-temperature test.bAli three DBCATA launchers under test fired the initially loadedround, after which the sear would not release the firing pin becauseof mud betweeak the contact surfaces. The test was terminated withall three launchers.

1.4.1.5 Reliability and Durability. The stoppage rates per 100 roundsfired for the three pump launchers throuRhout the 1000 rounds of firingwere 3.8, 0.5, and 0.6; similarly, for the three pivot launchersthe rates were 13.2, 11,3, and 22.3; and the rates for the DBCATAlaunchers were 2.8, 3.8, and 1.1.

The firing of 1000 rounds in the reliability test caused nodegradation in the velocity performance of the pump or pivot launchers.

The extended use of any of the three types of launchers wasnot detrimental to the accuracy of the M16AI rifle. However, the recoilimparted to the system from firing of the attached launcher adverselyaffected function performance of the Ml6Al rifle in that failures tofire and failures of the rifle to remain seared, as described underpars. 1.4.2.1d and 1.4.2.2d, occurred throughout the reliability test.

1.4.1.6 Rifle Barrel Durability Test. Barrel-straightness tests dis-closed that no permanent bending of the M16A1 rifle barrel occurredwith the firing of an attached launcher with the rifle barrel hot fromfiring.

10

1.4.1.7 Ruggedness. The firing mechanisms on all three launcherswithstood the impact of being dropped on hard-packed earth from aheight of three feet. However, the sights on the pump and DBCATAlaunchers were rendered unserviceable when the weapons were dropped onthe left side.

1.4.1.8 Solvents and Lubricants Compatibility. With the exceptionof insect repellent (type FSN 6840-558-0918), no detrimental effectsfrom any of the various cleaners and lubricants were disclosed. Theinsect repellent dissolved the compound used to glue the handgrip tothe barrel on the pump launcher.

1.4.2 (U) Deficiencies and Shortcomings

1.4.2.1 Deficiencies. Deficiencies were as follow:

a. Pump Launcher. The barrel-release latch on the pumplauncher could be depressed accidentally by the gunnerwith rapid grasping of the handgrip on the launcher.This was a safety hazard in that live ammunition couldbe inadvertently ejected to strike on hard surfaces.

b. Pivot Launcher. Four instances of inadvertent firing of thethe pivot launchers occurred. In each instance, thegunner pulled the trigger on the launcher and the hammerfailed to fall, but, with subsequent slight movement ofthe barrel, the launcher fired. Further discussion ofthis deficiency is contained in par. 2.3.4.2a.

c. DBCATA Launcher. Deficiencies in this launcher included:

1) During the initial stages of the safety examination,attempts were made to load and fire a high-velocity40-mm cartridge. No live cartridges could beassembled to the DBCATA launcher; however, a dummyround which was being used for display could beassembled. Specifications for rim dimensions of theM169 case for the high-velocity ammunition are1.714-0.005 inch diameter before crimping and 1.725-.inch mximum diameter after crimping. The drawingsfor the DBCATA launcher require the breech face tobe 1.710-inch minimum to 1.714-inch maximum in di-meter. On thi3-bisis,-i-t is highly improbable, butnot impossible, that a high-velocity round could beassembled to the DBCATA launcher. Since the liverounds available at APG cduld not be assembled, itwas not determined whether the live rounds could be

11

fired if loaded in the DBCATA launcher.

2) The trigger group of the DBCATA launcher was of suchdesign that the trigger could be partially pulled andwhen released would fail to return to the forward-position. In this partially pulled position, thelauncher could not be put on safe, and in order tocause the trigger to return to the forward position,the gunner had to retract the charging handle. Insome instances the gunner could push the trigger tothe forward-position, but in so doing could causethe launcher to fire. The manufacturer attemptedto correct the malfunction by installing a strongerprimary-sear spring but this did not eliminate theproblem.

3) It was possible for the DBCATA launcher to be firedinadvertently when a cartridge was assembled. Oneinstance of such firing occurred when the gunnerloaded the launcher during the reliability test. Thiswas attributed to failure of the primary sear to en-gage the firing pin when the firing-pin-stop releasedthe firing pin with loading of the round. This oc-curred during the early stages of the 1000-roundreliability test and • the launcher was modified witha stronger primary sear spring. No additional inadver-tent firings occurred in the firing of 485 rounds.

4) The DBCATA launcher failed to operate after beingsubjected to the mud test; all three launchers in thetest fired the initially loaded round, after which thesear would not release the firing pin because of mudbetween 'he contact surfaces.

d. All Launchers. The recoil imparted to the M16Al riflefrom firing the attached pivot or DBCATA launcher sometimescaused actuation of the trigger which allowed the hamerin the rifle to fall. In two instances this caused in-advertent firing of the rifle with the firing of anattached pivot launcher. Except when mounted in a solidrest and firing the XMS76EI shot-shell round which givesa higher impulse to the launcher than other 40-nmm ammuni-tion, trigger actuation of the M16AI rifle with therecoil of the pump launcher did not occur. However, itappears that this should be considered as potentiallypossible at any time, depending upon the peculiarities ofthe individual 'rifle mechanism and circumstances.

12

1.4.2.2 Shortcomings. Shortcomings were as follow:

a. Pump Launcher. Shortcomings of the pump launcher include:

1) The barrel-bracket insulators used in the mountingbrackets chipped and broke with use.

2) The safety on the pump launcher could not always bemoved to the SAFE position when the launcher was in anunlubricated condition, after exposure to dust and mud,and after, extended use of the launcher. The detentwhich positioned the safety extended out of the hous-ing too far and then bound when an attempt was made tomove the safety to the SAFE position. No problemswere experienced in moving the safety from the SAFEto FIRE position.

3) The compound used to glue the handgrip to the barrelof the launcher was dissolved by insect repellentduring the solvents and lubricants compatibility test.Additionally, on two occasions during other subtests,once in the hot test and once in the 1000-round reli-ability test, the handgrips on pump launchers loosenedand had to be reglued.

4) The mounting screw of sights on the pump launchercontinually loosened during the firing of the rifleand launcher, and if not retightened the sight woulddrop from the weapon. Additionally, the sight wasvery fragile in the front post and rear aperaturemounting brackets and when in position the sightcaught on clothing and equipment.

5) The coating on the parts within the trigger-housing,particularly the firing-pin spring, were not resistantto the deleterious effects of salt water.

b. Pivot Launcher. Shortcomings of this launcher include:

1). The shooter can very easily pinch his hand between thetop of the ejector and the bottom edge of the hand-guard during the loading cycle.

2) The tension on. the ýrear barrel bracket on the pivotlauncher had tb be readjusted each time the launcherwas disasseibled from the rifle. If the bracket wereover-tightened, the firing pin would strike the car-tridge primer high and the launcher barrel was dif-ficult to pivot. If the bracket were too loose, the

13

muzzle end of the barrel would drop down and thefiring pin would strike low on the primer.

3) The primary sight on the pivot launcher was loose onthe mounting bracket and was very fragile. Severalof the sights were eliminated from test because the'flexible leaf spring which holds the front sightpost developed small cracks around the front retain-ing rivet., This allowed the leaf spring to lose ten-sion and not return the front sight post to positionafter a round was fired.

4) The primary sight changed in range setting withrecoil from firing the launcher.

5) The design of the rear sight bracket on the primarysight was such that the slot in the bracket couldeasily be mistaken for the aperture. Use of the slotin the bracket as an aperture would cause the roundsto impact to the left of the target.

6) Water accumulation in the plunger assembly in thehammer created a hydrostatic condition within theassembly which retarded rwvewnt of the plunger andcaused two failures to firc during the salt-waterimmersion test. This malfunction could be overcomeby recocking the launcher, which depressed the plungerand forced the water from the assembly.

7) During the mud test, the function performance of thepivot launcher was very unreliable in that correctiveaction had to be continually applied to overcome mal-functions which were induced by the mud.

8) The frequency of occurrence of failures to ejectthroughout all tests with the pivot launcher severelydegraded the reliability of the launcher.

9) The wear and deformation in the barrel-lock slot ofone pivot launcher from firing 1000 rounds in thereliability test was such that excess movement of thebarrel occurred when in the locked position. Thismovement was sufficient to cause off-center firingpin hits at the 3 and 9 o'clock positions on theprimer, which, in turn, caused failures to fire.

14

c. DBCATA Launcher. Shortcomings of this launcher include:

1) The recoil from firing the DBCATA launcher continuallycaused the handguards to loosen from the spring-loadedretaining ring on the rifle.

2) Contact with the sling swivel in the forward part ofthe handgrip during recoil from firing the launchercaused damage to the shooter's knuckles.

3) Occasionally a telescoping cup ruptured with the fir-ing of a round. On one occasion, the gunner's handwas singed.

4) The gunner can inadvertently grasp the assembledcartridge rather than the handgrip on the launcher.

5) The frequency of occurrence of failures to sear through-out all tests with the DBCATA launcher severely de-graded the reliability of the launcher.

6) The sight changed range settings with recoil fromfiring the launcher.

7) The sight on the DBCATA and pump launchers were of thesame design; therefore, the shortcoming relative tofragile construction and loosening of the sight on thepump launcher also applies to the DBCATA launcher.

8) The launcher sight housing stud, which positioned thesight on the M16Al carrying handle, sheared on onesight during the reliability test.

9) The barrel-bracket insulators broke and chipped withuse.

d. All Launchers. The bolt-carrier group in the M16AI rifleand XM177E2 submachine gun moved rearward with the firingof the attached launcher and sometimes failed to returnto the locked position. When this occurred, unless re-medial action was applied to the rifle or submachine gun,failures to fire were experienced.

is

CONFIDENTIAL

1.4.3 (C) Technical Characteristics (U)

Within the scope of the engineer design test the three grenade-launcher attachments complied with the requirements of the technicalcharacteristics with the exception of the following:

a. The requirement that the launcher shall be so designed as toprevent chambering of a high-velocity round cannot be con-sidered to have been met by the DBCATA launcher. Specifica-tions for the maximum diameter of the breech on the DBCATAlauncher and the minimum rim dimensions of the M169 cartridgecase for high-velocity ammunition overlap. None of the high-velocity rounds at APG could be assembled to the DBCATAlauncher; however, a dummy round which was being used fordisplay could be assembled. Further discussion is containedin par. 2.3.4.

b. The requirements specify that the number of parts in thelauncher attachments shall not exceed that of the M79 launcher,which is 106. The total number of parts in the pivot launcherwas 150.

c. The sights on none of the launchers provided the precision andaccuracy of adjustment comparable to that of the sights on theM79 launcher. The sights on the pivot and DBCATA launcherschanged range settings with recoil of the launcher. Addition-ally, the sights on the DBCATA and pump launchers continuallyloosened during firing and if not retightened would drop fromthe weapon.

d. The configuration of the sights, particularly those on thepump and DBCATA, was such as to catch on clothing and equip-ment and location of the sight in the carrying handle of therifle hindered carrying of the rifle.

e. It was desired that the launchers be equipped with a battlesight. Neither the pump or DBCATA launchers were providedwith a battle sight.

f. The sights on the pump and DBCATA launchers failed to with-stand being dropped from a 3-foot height on hard-packedearth, in that when the weapons were dropped on the left sidethe sights were rendered unserviceable.

g. The pivot launcher failed to function with any degree ofreliability after being subjected to mud conditions. TheDBCATA launcher would fire only one round after exposure tomud and thereafter failed to function.

16

CONFIDENTIAL

I

CONFIDENTIALh. The technical characteristics specify that the launcher

attachment shall be capable of firing 1000 rounds withoutincurring broken or unserviceable parts. All three launcherattachments experienced either broken or unserviceable partsin the 1000-round reliability test.

1.5 (U) CONCLUSIONS

It is concluded that:

a. With respect to functioning performance in the over-all testthe design of the pump launcher was superior to that of thepivot and DBCATA launchers (ref pars. 2.3 through 2.13).

b. In the present configuration, none of the primary sights areacceptable (ref pars. 2.2, 2.3, 2.13, and 2.15).

c. The recoil of any of the launchers, irrespective of type, isdetrimental to the functioning performance of the M16AI rifleor XM177E2 submachine gun (ref pars. 2.3, 2.6, and 2.13).

d. From the engineering standpoint, none of the three launchersmet all of the requirements of the technical characteristics.However, the pump launcher was rore acceptable in this respectthan either of the other two designs (ref par. 1.4.3).

1.6 (U) RECOMfENDATIONS

It is recommended that:

a. Of the three launcher designs tested, the puvp launcher beconsidered to offer the more feasible approach toward develop-ment of a suitable grenade launcher attachment.

b. Development efforts toward achievement of a rugged and reliablesight design be continued on the primary sight for the grenade-launcher attachment.

c. The battle-sight concept provided for use with the pivotlauncher be adapted to the pump launcher.

d. If the DBCATA system is to be further considered, additionalR and D efforts to improve the design of the launcher beundertaken..

e. In subsequent development, efforts be made to correct thedetrimental effects of recoil forces on functioning perfor-mnce of the rifle from firing of the launcher.

17CONFIDENTIAL

€I

SECTION 2. DETAILS OF TEST (U)

2.1l (U) INTRODUCTION

The following subtests were designed to determine the performancecharacteristics of the test launchers and to assess the compatibility ofthe different model launchers with the M1l6Al rifle and XM177E2 submachinegun. Due to the short supply of XM177E2 submachine guns; however, theMl6Al was used in most of the subtests with the XN177E2 being used onlyin one phase of the safety evaluation (par. 2.3) and in the launcher-accuracy phase (par. 2.4). The M79 grenade launcher was fired in thevelocity, accuracy, and extreme hot and cold tests for control purposes.

The criteria for the individual subtests are based on the technicalcharacteristics for 40-mm grenade-launcher attachments for rifles(Reference 2).

With the exception of the extreme cold and unlubricated tests, thelaunchers and rifles were lubricated with MIL-L-46000A, semifluid lub-ricating oil throughout the test. The weapons were lubricated withNIIL-L-14107lubricant in the extreme cold test.

Individual subtests were conducted in the same order as presentedin the following pages. Twelve launchers were initially inspected andfired for velocity. Thereafter, three of each type were programmed foradverse conditions tests; two were fired for dispersion and accuracy,and three were fired 1000 rounds each in the reliability and durabilitytests. The remaining four launchers were employed in the ruggednessand rifle barrel durability tests, and by the Ballistic Research Labora-tories (BRL).

All Ml6Al rifles used in this test were assembled with the redesignedbuffer; the barrels did not have chrome-plated chambers. The XM177E2submachine guns were of the latest product-improved models on hand atAPG. The lot of ammunition fired in the rifles in all subtests wascartridge, S.56-mm, ball M193, lot TIV-18249.

The types and lots of 40-mm ammunition employed throughout the testare listed in the test data.

The abbreviations used throughout the test in the recording offunction data are given in Table 2.1-1.

1s

Table 2.1-1 (U). Abbreviations (U)

Abbreviation Definition

Launcher Malfunctions

CLF Cocking levers failed to return to the normal position.This malfunction pertains only to the pivot launcher.

FFRL Failure to fire, launcher.

FJ Failure to e~ect.

FX Failure to extract.

FLR Failure of the ejector to return after the barrel waspivoted into position. This malfunction pertains onlyto the pivot launcher.

FRT Fired on release of trigger.

IAVP Inadvertent fire.

PPO Partial punch out of primer.

PS The projectile stuck in the bore of the launcher. Thismalfunction occurred only in the extreme cold test.

RTC Ruptured telescoping cup. This malfunction pertains

only to the DBCATA launcher.

Rifle Malfunctions

FBR Failure of the bolt-carrier group in the M16AI rifle toremain to the rear after firing the last round from themagazine.

FTR Failure of the trigger to return to the forward positionafter release.

FF Failure of a live round to be successfully stripped from

the magazine and fully chambered.

BOB Bolt over-rode the base of the round.

F2R Fired two rounds on a single trigger pull in the semi-automatic mode.

19

CONFIDENTIALTable 2.1-I (Cont'd)

Abbreviation Definition

FFRR Failure to fire, rifle. This malfunction of the riflewas due to the bolt-carrier group being recoiled rear-ward with the firing of the launcher.

FRRS Failure of the rifle to remain seared. This malfunctionof the rifle was due to actuation of the trigger fromrecoil of the launcher which allowed the hammer to fall.

Satis Satisfactory performance.

2.2 INITIAL INSPECTION (U)

2.2.1 CU) Objectives

The objectives were:

a. To determine the completeness and serviceability of the testlaunchers.

b. To determine the physical characteristics of the test launchersand record measurements deemed necessary for reference duringtest.

2.2.2 (QC) Criteria (0)

It is required that:

a. The launcher shall be suitable, for attachment to the followingpoint-fire weapons:

1) Rifle, 5.56-mm, M16/Ml6AI.

2) Submachine gun, S5.6-mm, XH177E2.

b. The launcher shall be of minimum length consistent withmeeting other requirements. It is required that the over-alllength of the assembled weapon-launcher combination, withlauncher loaded and prepared for firing, not exceed thelength of the point-fire weapon to which the launcher isattached.

c. The weight of the assembled weapon-launcher combination(without aimunition), including the launcher sight, shall notexceed the weight of the empty point-fire weapon alone bymore than three pounds.

20

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALd. The launcher shall provide sufficient firing-pin energy to

assure reliable functioning of the primer in the family ofammunition for the M79 grenade launcher.

e. The number of parts in the launcher and sight combined notexceed the number in the M79 launcher with sight.

f. The operations required for care and maintenance shall not be,more difficult or time-consuming than the comparable operationsrequired by the M179. The launcher and launcher sight assembledto the rifle shall be compatible with cleaning and maintenancerequirements of the rifle.

g. The configuration and mounting arrangements of the launcherand sights will be such as to minimize catching on brush,vines, and equipment or clothing when the rifle-launchercombination is carried and used in a normal manner.

h. Not more than one special tool will be required for operatormaintenance, and that this'tool will weigh not more than0.25 pound. Also, not more than one additional special toolwill be required by armor personnel at organizationallevel for the attachment, removal and organizational mainte-nance of the launcher.

i. The launcher will be provided with a fully adjustable sightincorporating the following features:

1) Permits convenient firing of the launcher at all rangesfrom 30 meters to approximately 400 meters.

2) Permits zeroing of the launcher in both elevation anddeflection, independent of the scale for adjustment ofrange.

3) Provides precision and accuracy of adjustment substantiallyequal to that of the sights on the Mt79 launcher.

4) Does not change adjustment in elevation or deflection inconsequence of recoil from firing either the launcheror the point-fire weapon to which it is attached.

J. It is desired that the launcher sighting system also incorporatethe following features:

1) Provide a "battle sight" for the launcher, centrallylocated atop the point-fire weapon, so designed and con-structed as to cause no significant inconvenience if leftin place at all times when the launcher is assembled tothe point-fire weapon.

21

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL2) The "battle sight" shall provide for firing elevations

up to approximately 16 degrees so as to permit accurateaiming for ranges of S0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 meters.

2.2.3 (U) Method

One of each model of the test launchers was disassembled and anexamination made of all parts. Each model launcher was photographedand the number of parts recorded.

The functioning of operating parts was checked manually on alllaunchers tested. The following measurements were recorded:

a. Weight of complete launcher system.

b. Weights of various groups of launcher system.

c. Firing-pin protrusion.

d. Firing-pin energy. (Copper crusher cylinders and a holdingfixture designed for the M79 grenade launcher were employedwith the pump and pivot launchers. No established method isyet available for the DBCATA launchers; therefore, firing-pinenergy was not determined.)

e. Trigger pull.

f. Barrel bore measurements.

2.2.4 Results (U)

(U) The recorded weights and measurements for the three launchertypes are given in Tables 2.2-I, -II, and -III. Disassembled views of thelaunchers and sights are in Figures 2.2-1 through -6. Barrel-bore andfiring-pin measurements for all pump and pivot launchers are containedin Appendix I. Bore measurements of one rifle casing for the DBCATAlauncher are also contained in Appendix I.

22

CONFIDENTIAL

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Parts List for Pump Launcher

No. Identification No. Identification

I Handguard 21 Ejector retainer2 Barrel release latch 22 Ejector spring3 Barrel release latch pin 23 Ejector4 Barrel release latch spring 24 Sear springS Barrel bracket screws (2 ea) 2S Secondary sear6 Barrel bracket 26 Cocking lever7 Barrel insulators (2 ea) 27 Cocking lever pin8 Bayonet bracket 28 Trigger9 Barrel retaining latch spring 29 Firing-pin spring

10 Barrel retaining latch pin 30 Firing pin11 Barrel retaining latch 31 Trigger bushing12 Sling swivel 32 Trigger pin,13 Button swivel 33 Safety14 Sling swivel screw 34 Safety detentis Backplate 35 Safety detent spring16 Housing assembly 36 Safety retainer pin17 Follower plate 37 Extractor spring18 Follower springs (2 ea) 38 Extractor19 Follower 39 Extractor pin20 Ejector retainer pin 40 Trigger guard

41 Trigger guard pin

Figure 2.2-1 (U): Disassembled View of Pump Launcher (U).

29

- i • r

, -, ,, •I

:: iI , .4.-. . -. -, :, . •

18x'

Parts List for Pivot Launcher


1 Barrel bracket (2 ea) 27 Sear pivot spring2 Barrel bracket screws (4 ea) 28 Housing assembly3 Rear mount bracket 29 Trigger4 Spring pin 30 Trigger pin (spring pin)S Barrel stop link 31 Ball bearing6 :1oller 32 Sear spring7 .-raining ring 33 Sear8 '-nion pin (2 ea) 34 Cover screw9 I ion pin retainers (2 ea spring pins) 35 Cover

10 Modiic, ;16AI handguards 36 Spring pin11 Adapter pivot pin for Ml6Al rifle 37 Plunger spring12 Detent plunger 38 Trigger guard plunger13 Detent spring 39 Trigger guard14 Cocking arm spr- .' i Spring pin15 Cocking arm spriig guide 41 Spring pin16 Dowel pin 42 norrel lock17 Cocking arm 43 Spring pin (2 ea)18 Dowel pin 44 Safety levers (2 ea)19 Dowel pin 45 Detent spring20 Firing-pin spring 46 Safety shaft21 Firing pin 47 Cocking lever (2 ea)22 Hammer spring 48 Cocking shaft23 Hammer spring guide 49 Spring pin (2 ea)24 Hammer 50 Ejector25 Plunger assembly 51 Ejector spring26 Trigger return spring S2 Barrel

Figure 2.2-2 (U): Disassembled View of Pivot Launcher (U).

30

CONFIDENTIAL

/•-4 13',7 •• - L • 5' . .:.,--.

~~a 3,.

Parts List for DBCATA Launcher


1 lHandguard (left side) 22 Roll pin for bayonet bracket2 Hlandguard (right side) 23 Primary sear3 Handgrip retainer screws (4 ea) 24 Primary sear spring4 Handgrip (left side) 25 Sear bushingS lHandgrip (right side) 26 Safety retainer pin6 Rear barrel bracket 27 Sear spring7 Rear barrel bracket screw and nut 28 Semiautomatic sear8 Front barrel bracket 29 Charging handle9 Rear barrel bracket i,,. alators 30 Trigger spring10 Front barrel bracket insulators 31 Trigger11 Front barrel bracket screws (2 ea) 32 Trigger pin12 Pins for round retainers (2 ea) 33 Safety13 Front mount block 34 Primary sear pin14 Guide pin 35 Trigger housinga15 Firing pin spring 36 Round retainer return springs16 Firing pin (2 ea)17 Housing assembly 37 Round retainer (left side)18 Breech buttons (2 ea) 38 Round retainer (right side)19 Breech button screws (2 ea) 39 Button swivel20 Bayonet bracket (left side) 40 Sling swivel screw21 Bayonet bracket (right side) 41 Sling swivel

alhousing contains the safety detent and spring.

Figure 2.2-3 (C): Disassembled View of DBCATA Launcher (U).

31

CONFIDENTIAL

• •om '1 Ui ... 29m- U it .! 0 $.c• - I

Parts List for Sight on Pump and DBCATA Launcher

No. Identification

I Mounting screw2 Sight base mount (right side)3 Sight base mount (left side) (2 pieces)4 Sight base retaining screws (2 ea)5 Sight base6 Roll pins for sight brackets (2 ca)7 Sight arm assembly (S pieces)8 Front sight bracket9 Post sight10 Latch spring retainer screws11 Latch spring12 Pivot screw13 Peep sight bracket14 Peep sight retainer springIs Retainer16 Range selector latch17 Range selector latch spring18 Peep sight19 Retainer pin

Figure 2.2-4 (U): Disassembled View of Sight for Pump and DBCATALauncher (U).

32

'a 7

S~10"

Parts List for Primary Sight on the Pivot Launcher

No. Identification

I Elevation adjustment screw.2 Washer3 Cotter pin4 Windage adjustment screwS Peep sight6 Peep sight base7 Primary sight base8 Sight base screw9 Sight base mount (right side)10 Sight base mount (left side)11 Detent lever12 Spring13 Cotter pin14 Detent lever pivot pin

Figure 2.2-S (U): Disassembled View of the Primary Sight for thePivot Launcher (U).

33

3

1

0-

Parts List for Battle Sight on the Pivot Launcher

No.* Identification

I Sight mount base screws (2 ea)2 Front clamp screws (2 ea)3 Sight leaf4 Sling swivelS Sling swivel spring pin6 Front clamp (right side)7 Front clamp (left side)8 'Sight base9 Elevation adjustment screw

10 Sight mount base11 Retainer washer12 Spring pin13 Rear mount base14 Rear mount base screwis Washer16 Windage adjustment screw17 Rear clamp (2 ea)18 Rear clamp screws (2 ea)

Figure 2.2-6 (U): Disassembled View of Battle Sight for the PivotLauncher (U).

34

CONFIDENTIAL2.2.5 (C) Analysis (U)

With the exception of the following, the launchers met the require-ments of the technical characteristics as outlined under the criteria,paragraph 2.2.2.

a. The primary sights furnished with the test launchers did notprovide precision and accuracy of adjustment equal to that ofthe sights on the M79 launcher. Also, the sights were subjectto catching on clothes and equipment, particularly those onthe pump and DBCATA launchers.

b. The primary sights on both the pivot and DBCATA launcherschanged range setting with recoil of the launcher.

c. No battle sights were provided for use with the pump or DBCATAlaunchers.

d. The total number of parts in the pivot launcher with bothprimary and battle sight exceeded the specified limit by44 parts.

e. The attachment or removal of the pump and DBCATA launchers tothe XM177E2 submachine gun required operations above thatspecified for organizational level.

All three launcher types were readily attachable to the M16Alrifle. The launchers could be attached to the XM177E2 submachine gun,but modifications were required either to the submachine gun, thelauncher or both. The attachment of the pump launcher to the XM177E2required removal of the front handguard cap and the handguard slip ringwhich entailed removal of the front sight from the submachine gun.Additionally, a collar which assembled over the rear of the muzzlesuppressor on the XM177E2 was required for the front mounting bracketof the launcher. The pivot launcher was readily attached to the XM177E2,but with the launcher attached, the handguard for the X)I177E2 could notbe assembled and no special handguard was provided. The DBCATA launcher,as with the pump, required removal of the handguard cap, but not thehandguard slip ring. Additionally, a special front-mount block for thelauncher was required. The special block was cut away to accommodatethe bottom of the front sight on the XM177E2.

The attachment of the pump launcher added 2.7 lb to the M16AIrifle, attachment of the pivot launcher added 3.0 lb, and the DBCATAadded 2.3 lb.

The over-all weapon length with launchers assembled to the rifleor submachine gun, with launcher loaded and prepared for firing, did notexceed that of the weapons without launchers attached.

3S

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALDuring the safety certification, it was revealed that the upper

frame of the pivot-action launcher was structurally weak and subject todeformation which allowed the muzzle end of the barrel to drop downapproximately 0.2 inch. With the barrel in such a position, the firingpin would strike the primer low and off-center, causing failures to fire.All pivot-action launchers were returned to the manufacturer for correc-tion. The manufacturer modified the launcher housing by adding a rearbarrel bracket (Figure 2.2-2, part No. 3). This corrected the problemof the weak frame, but subsequently created a second problem in that eachtime the launcher was disassembled the tension on the rear bracket hadto be adjusted. If the bracket was too tight, the firing pin wouldstrike the primer high and the launcher barrel was difficult to pivot.'If the bracket was too loose, the muzzle dropped down and caused thefiring pin to strike low on the primer, the problem originally encounteredprior to installation of the rear bracket.

The requirement that the launcher provide sufficient firing-pinenergy to assure reliable functioning of the primer in the family ofammunition for the M79 grenade launcher could not be determined becauseof the frequency of misfires inherent in the ammunition lot provided fortest. Both the pump and pivot launchers experienced failures to fireduring test, particularly in the extreme-cold and reliability tests.Inspection of the failures to fire disclosed defective ammunition withrespect to propellant and primers. Further discussion of the problemsis contained in paragraphs 2.5.4 and 2.13.4.

The total numbers of parts in the pump and DBCATA launcher withsights were both less than the 106 parts contained in the M79 launcher.The total of 150 parts reported for the pivot launcher included both aprimary and a battle sight. If the battle sight were excluded, the totaldecreased to 122 or, if the battle sight were included and the primarysight excluded, the total became 114, which in either instance exceededthe requirement of 106 or less.

The operations required for care and maintenance were deemed notto be more difficult nor time-consuming than comparable operations onthe M79 launcher. In the opinion of maintenance personnel, the DBCATAwas the easiest maintained, the pump next, and the pivot and W19 werecomparable. No special tools other than the cleaning equipment for theM79 launcher were required for operator maintenance of any of the threelaunchers. The attachment and removal of the launchers to or from theMl6Al rifle required no special tools. However, as previously stated,attachment of the pump and DBCATA launchers to the XH177E2 submachinegun required removal of the front sight from the submachine gun, whichis above organizational-level maintenance.

Each launcher was provided with a primary sight which was adjustablein elevation and deflection independent of -the scale for selection ofrange. However, the precision and accuracy and means of adjustment ofthe sights were not equal to that of the sights on the M79 launcher.*

36

CON FIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALAll of the launcher sights were graduated in increments of 25 meterswith the sights on the pump and DBCATA having range selections from 50to 400 meters and those on the pivot launcher from 50 to 375 meters.The sights for all three launcher types assembled to the rifle carryinghandle were easily removed for storage when not in use. None of thesights changed adjustment in elevation or deflection (independent ofrange-selection setting) with recoil from firing the launcher or rifle.However, the sights on the DBCATA and pivot launchers were subject-tochanges in range setting with recoil from firing the launcher and thesights on the pump and DBCATA would loosen at the mounting screw, and ifnot retightened would drop from the weapon. The sights are shown inFigures 1.2-2 and 1.2-4.

No tests were conducted at APG to determine if the design of thelaunchers was such as to minimize catching on brush or vines, but it wasfound that the primary sights on all three launcher types were verysusceptible to catching on clothes and equipment. Additionally, thesights on the pump and DBCATA launchers were very fragile in the bracketsfor attachment of the front and peep sight to the sight-arm assembly.

A battle sight which mounted on top of the MI6AI rifle was pro-vided with the pivot launcher. The sight was adjustable in deflectionand elevation and was graduated in S0-meter increments from 50 to 250meters. The design of the sight was such that it did not interfere withthe carrying or operation of the rifle if left in position at all times.The sight is shown in Figure 1.2-5. A battle sight was not provided for

use with the pump or DBCATA launcher.

C7

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

2.3 SAFETY EXAMINATION (U)

2.3.1 (U) Objective

The objective was to establish that the test launcher - riflecombinations (all models) are safe to operate and fire from the shoulder,and to provide information necessary for a safety release of the testlaunchers by USATECOG for service tests.

2.3.2 (C) Criteria (U)


a. The launcher be secure against accidental discharge fromrough handling when carried loaded and with the safety in theSAFE position.

b. The safety (or safeties) be so designed and located as to beeasily identifiable, quickly and conveniently disengaged atwill, and reasonably secure against accidental disengagement.The operation shall be so arranged that the SAFE and FIREpositions of the safety can be quickly and easilydistinguished, both by sight and by touch while usingnecessary protective clothing to include temperate winterclothing.

c. The launcher be secure against accidental discharge by afirer assuming any of the standard firing positions rapidly,with the weapon loaded and the safety disengaged (in FIREposition). This condition shall be considered to be metif the launcher withstands, without firing, a vertical freedrop of the rifle - launcher assembly butt-downward, from aheight of five feet, impacting on a surface of hard-packedearth.

d. The launcher be suitable for safe and effective firing of thevarious types of 40-mm ammunition, listed below:

1) Cartridge, HE, 40-mm, M406.

2) Cartridge, practice, 40-m=, M4407.

3) Cartridge, proof, 40-=m, XM387E3.

4) Cartridge, multiple-projectile, 40-mm, XM576E1.

5) Cartridge, white-star cluster, 40-mm, XM8S.

6) Cartridge, white-star parachute, 40-=m, XMS83.

38

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

0. The launcher be so designed as to prevent the inadvertentchambering and firing of 40-nun high-velocity ammunition,such as the M384, which is intended for use in the M75 orother high-velocity 40-nm launchers.

f. The firing of the launcher, when attached to the point-fireweapons to which it is adapted, shall not produce a free-recoil energy greater than that produced by the M79 launcherwhen firing the same types of ammunition.

g. The temperature of the chamber area in the test launcherremain safely below the cook-off temperature of the componentsof the 40-mu M406 cartridge when a compliment of 400 roundsis fired within a 4-minute period from the M16AI rifle towhich the launcher is attached.

2.3.3 (U) Methods

2.3.3.1 Dry Firing Examination. An examination was made of each modellauncher for any potential hazard to the rifleman in firing either therifle or launcher element of the system from any standard firingposition. Also, attempts were made to chamber and fire 40-mu high-velocity ammunition.

2.3.3.2 Firing Evaluation. Three launchers of each model were subjectedto firings to learn whether any firing hazards exist. As a minimum thefollowing firings were conducted:

a. Five rounds of proof ammunition were remotely fired fromeach launcher and then an additional five rounds were firedfrom the shoulder.

b. With the launchers loaded, cocked, and the safety in theFIRE position the rifles were fired 20 roundssemiautomatically, 40 rounds in short bursts, and 40 roundsautomatically.

2.3.3.3 Inadvertent Fire Evaluation. Three launchers of each modelwere assembled to M16AI rifles and dropped from a S-foot height, butt-end first upon hard-packed earth. Prior to being dropped, the launcherswere loaded with a dummy round, cocked and the safety placed in theFIRE position. The procedure was executed three times with each weapon.

39

CONFIDENTIAL

2.3.3.4 Amunition Compatibility. With the exception of the XMS76E1round, 20 rounds of each of the following listed types of ammunitionwere fired from a pump and pivot launcher. Due to limited supply ofthe XNS76EI cartridge only ten of these rounds were fired.thiese were:

a. Cartridge, 40-=n, XM387E3.

b. Cartridge, practice, 40-an, 1407.

c. Cartridge, HE, 40-rn, M406.

d. Cartridge, miltiple-projectile, 40-mr, XNS76EI.

e. Cartridge, white-star cluster, 40-rn, X158S.

f. Cartridge, white-star parachute, 40-rn, X1583.

Only the 14407AI practice and inert 1406 cartridges wereavailable for the DBCATA launcher; consequently, this launcher couldonly be tested with these type of cartridges.

2.3.3.5 Recoil Energy. The free-recoil energy of the rifle - launchercombinations was calculated and compared with that of the M79 launcher.

2.3.3.6 Cook-Off. Two thermocouples were attached to an inert 1406cartridge chambered in the launcher and one was attached to the rear ofthe launcher housing. The thermocouples on the cartridge were attachedto the base of the projectile and across the face of the primer. Thethermocouple on the launcher was attached in the vicinity of the rearmounting bracket. The rifle to which the launcher was attached wasthen fired 400 rounds within a 4-minute period and the temperaturesrecorded at the three points. The firing was conducted in u rangeenvironment of +70°F I S with the rifle and launcher shielded to preventrapid cooling from air circulation.

2.3.4 Results (U)

2.3.4.1 Initial Safety Examination (U). During the initial safetyexamination, inspection of the launchers and limited firing disclosedthat all three launcher types had inherent features for which safetyprecautions must be observed. These were as follows:

a. Pump-launcher. The barrel-release latch could accidentallydepressed by the gunner with rapid grasping of thehandgrip on the launcher. This was a safety hazard in thatlive amunitio. might be ejected to strike em hard surfaces.

40

The launcher can be fired with the barrel unlatched; however,to cause this, the barrel must be positioned and held lessthan 1/8 inch from the locked position. Normally when thebarrel latch is depressed, the barrel automatically movesforward 1/2 to 3/4 inch. In such a position the cockinglever will stop the forward movement of the firing pin.Several rounds were fired with the barrel unlatched and nounsafe effects were observed.

The sight could be caused to change range setting with aheavy jolt on the buttstock of the rifle. This occurredduring the evaluation for inadvertent firing when theweapon was dropped from a S-foot height, butt end first,upon hard-packed earth. The stock of the rifle alsocracked in the exercise.

b. Pivot-Launcher. The gunner could pinch his hand between thetop of the ejector and the bottom edge of the handguardduring the loading cycle.

c. DBCATA

1) The gunner can inadvertently grasp the assembledcartridge during firing rather than the handgrip on thelauncher.

2) Contact with the sling swivel during recoil from firingthe launcher can cause damage to the gunner's knuckles.

3) The sight on the DBCATA launcher was of the same designas that of the pump launcher and, similarly, was alsosubject to change of range setting with impact from theS-foot drop.

4) The trigger group of the DBCATA launcher was of suchdesign that the trigger could be partially pulled andfail to return to the forward position when released.In this partially pulled position, the launcher couldnot be put on safe and in order to cause the trigger toreturn to the forward position the gunner had to retractthe charging handle. In some instances the gunner couldpush the trigger to the forward-position but in so doinghe could cause the launcher to fire.

d. All launchers.

1) If the eye-relief distance is insufficient, it ispossible for the shooter to be injured during recoilfrom firing the launcher.

41

CONFIDENTIAL

(U) In an attempt to load and fire a high-velocity, 40-urcartridge in the DBCATA launcher, it was found that no live cartridgescould be assembled to the launcher; however, a dummy round which wasbeing used for display could be assembled. Specifications for rimdimensions of the M169 case for the high-velocity ammunition are1.714-0.005 inch minimum diameter before crimping and 1.725 inchmaximum diameter after crimping. The drawings for the DBCATA launcherrequire the breech face to be 1.710 inch minimum to 1.714 inch maximumin diameter. Since the live rounds at APG could not be assembled, itwas not determined whether the rounds could be fired if loaded in theDBCATA launcher.

(U) The calculated recoil energy for the pump and pivotlaunchers was 14 to 16 ft lbs, depending upon which round of ammunitionwas being fired and whether the launcher was assembled to the M16A1rifle or the lighter XM177E2 submachine gun. The calculated recoilenergy of the DBCATA launcher was 15 to 18 ft lbs, again depending uponthe weapon to which the launcher was attached. The recoil of the DBCATAlauncher was slightly greater than the other launchers owing to thehigher velocity of the DBCATA ammunition. In comparison, the recoilenergy of the 179 launcher was 22 to 24 ft lbs.

(U) In the opinion of the gunners at APG the recoil energy ofthe DBCATA launcher, as felt by the shooter, caused more discomfort thanthat when firing the 1479 launcher. This was attributed mainly to thefact that the M79 launcher was equipped with a rubber recoil pad whichcovered more shoulder area of the gunner than did the butt plate on theM16AI rifle. Consequently, the recoil of the DBCATA launcher wasabsorbed over a smaller area on the shoulder.

(C) The firing of 400 rounds from the M16AI rifle in lessthan 2 minutes did not produce temperatures above the safe level withregard to cook-off of a chambered launcher round. The recordedtemperatures are given in Table 2.3-I. In accordance with data reportedin Reference 3 the 40-m 14406 HE round does not cook-off or deflagrateuntil temperatures of 310°F have been reached. Therefore, thetemperatures induced in the attached launchers were well below thecook-off point of the N406 round.

Table 2.3-I (U). Temperature Data OF (U)

Rear ofLauncher Rear of Rear of Launchei

Type Prolectile Primer Housing

Pump 168 184 200Pivot 128 183 163DKCATA 138 182 227

aThe location of thermocouple is indicated by an rrow in Figure 2.3-1.

42

CONFIDENTIAL

(U) The cook-off test disclosed that no problems existed witha chambered 40--- round loaded in the launchers during the rapidfiring of 400 rounds from the M16A1 rifle. However, this extendedfiring did produce a serious effect on the rifle. The heat generatedin firing the 400 rounds caused permanent deformation of the gas tubeand barrel to the extent that these were unserviceable. The barreland gas tube on the MI6AI rifle with the pump launcher attached were themost severely damaged. It appears that this condition was attributableto the effects of the handguarl design on the dissipation of heat,indicating the handguard for the pump launcher to be the most poorlydesigned for heat dissipation. Views of the rifles with deformed gastubes are in Figures 2.3-1. The handguards employed on the weaponsduring the extended firing are shown in Figure 2.3-2.

2.3.4.2 (U) Additional Safety Consideration. After completion of thesafety examination additional unsafe features were disclosed duringtest with all three launcher types. These were as follows:

a. Four instances of inadvertent firing of the pivot launchersoccurred. In each instance the gunner pulled the triggeron the launcher and the hammer failed to fall, but withsubsequent slight movement of the barrel, the launcherfired. The inadvertent firings were attributed toengagement between the barrel lock and the step-like sidesof the barrel-lock slot in the ejector housing, whichprevented proper positioning of the lock. With the barrellock held in such a position, actuation of the triggerdisengaged the sear and permitted the hammer to come torest on the cocking shaft. With slight pivoting of thebarrel, the lock moved into proper position thusreleasing the cocking shaft and permitting the hammer tofall and fire the chambered round.

b. The primary sight on the pivot and DBCATA launcherschanged range setting with recoil of the launcher.

c. Two instances of inadvertent firing of the Ml6Al rifleoccurred with firing of an attached pivot launcher duringthe hot test at +lSSF. The weapons were being fired froma shoulder-held position. Inadvertent firing of the riflewas attributed to the recoil imparted to the rifle fromfiring of the launcher, which sometimes causes actuation ofthe trigger of the rifle. The actuation of the triggerusually does not fire the rifle since the bolt-carriergroup also moves rearward with the firing of the launcherand the energy of the falling haemmr is absorbed by thebolt-carrier group.

43

No inadvertent firing of the M16AI rifle occurredthroughout all tests with the firing of the pump or D&CATAlaunchers; however, the trigger on the rifle can beactuated with the recoil of either launcher. Triggeractuation occurred with the pivot and DBCATA launchers withall types of 40-mm ammunition when firing from shoulder-held positions, but with the pump launcher trigger-actuation occurred only when firing the XM576E1 shot shellround with the weapon in a solid rest.

It appears that trigger-actuation and inadvertent firing ofthe rifle with the firing of any of the attached launchersmust be considered as potentially possible at any time,depending upon the peculiarities of individual riflemechanisms and circumstances. This condition must beregarded as a safety hazard in the system.

d. As was stated in the foregoing paragraph, the bolt-carritrgroup in the M16AI rifle moves rearward with the firing ofthe attached launcher. This rearward movement causes thebolt to unlock and partially extract the chambered rifleround. Subsequently, the bolt sometimes will fail toreturn to the locked position under the energy of theaction spring. Since the rifle will not fire withoutremedial action when this occurs, the rifle must beconsidered rendered temporarily inoperative by the actionof firing the launcher.

e. A short evaluation was conducted with the XH4177E2 submachinegun to determine if the submachine gun would react to therecoil of the attached launcher as did the Ml6Al rifle.The XM177E2 with each of the launchers attached wasassembled in a solid rest and the launcher and submachinegun were each fired 20 rounds alternately. The M407A1practice round was fired in the launchers. Additionally,20 rounds were fired from the launcher with the submachinegun fully loaded and the selector set on automatic. Itwas found that, as with the Ml6Al rifle, occassionalactuation of the trigger on the submachine gun occurredwith the firing of the pivot and DBCATA launchers andfailures to fire due to opening of the bolt-carrier groupoccurred with the pump launcher. Also, the occurrence oftrigger actuation on the submachine gun was experiencedwith the firing of the pivot launcher with the selector setfor automatie fire. In all instances throughout the testthis phenomenon was encountered with the M16A1 rifle onlywhen the selector was set for semiautomatic fire. Nounintentional firing of the submachine gun were experienced.

44

Figure 2.3-1 (U): M16Al Rifle Gas Tubes after the Cook-Off Test.

The Arrows Indicate Position where Thermocouples were Attached on

Launcher Housings (U).

45

4f

Figure 2.3-2 (U): Internal Views of Handguards Employed with the

Three Launcher Types. TOP: DBCATA. MIDDLE: Pivot. BOTTOM: Pump.The D-amae (Arrow) to the Handguard on the Pump Launcher Occurred when

the Gas Tube on the Rifle Deformed and Contacted the Side of the

Hlandguard (U).

46

CONFIDENTIAL2.3.S (C) Analysis (U)

With the exception that it is highly improbable, but notimpossible that a high-velocity round could be assembled to the DBCATAlauncher, the requirements of the technical characteristics as outlined*in the criteria, par. 2.3.2, were met with all three launchers.

2.4 VELOCITY, ACCURACY, AND DISPERSION TESTS (U)

2.4.1 (U) Objective


a. To determine the velocity performance of the test launchers.

b. To determine any effects on the accuracy and dispersion ofthe M16A1 rifles from attachment and use of the launcher, andany effects on alignment and security of attachment of thelauncher and sights from firing the rifle or launcher elementof the weapon.

c. To determine the range accuracy and adequacy of sightgraduations for the test launchers.



a. The attachment of the launcher to the point-fire weapon an"the subsequent firing thereof, shall not cause a shift in .hecenter of impact of the point-fire weapon which exceeds twomils in deflection or two mils in elevation, when theweapon is fired either from the prone position with elbowssupported, or from a foxhole position with the weaponsupported.

b. The launcher shall, with aimed fire using the 14406 cartridge,have such accuracy at all useable ranges up to 200 metersthat one range probable error shall be less than 14 feet(4.3 meters) and one deflection probable error shall be lessthan three feet (0.9 meters).

47

CONFIDENTIAL

2.4.3 (U) Method

2.4.3.1 Velocity Test. All pump and pivot launchers were fired 20rounds each and the instrumental velocity at 20 feet from the, muzzlewas determined. Only three of the DBCATA launchers were fired forvelocity measurements, as the launcher serves only as a launchingplatform for the disposable rifle casing; thus, each round fired has anew barrel. All ammunition was conditioned at +700 -±20 F for aminimum of four hours prior to firing.

Firings were conducted from a bench rest. Three M79 grenadelaunchers were fired for control purposes.

2.4.3.2 Accuracy and Dispersion on a Vertical Target. Two launchers ofeach model and six M16AI rifles were tested as follows from a benchrestposition with the weapon supported on a sandbag:

a. Phase 1. The Ml6Al rifles were zeroed at the 100-metersrange on a vertical target by an expert rifleman and thesight setting for each was recorded. Three 10-roundgroups were then fired with each rifle.

b. Phase 2. Test launchers were attached and three 10-roundgroups were fired from each rifle using the same sightsetting established in phase 1.

c. Phase 3. At 50-meters range the launchers were zeroed ona vertical target and three 10-round groups were fired witheach launcher. If a battle sight was provided, threeadditional 10-round groups were fired usinp the battlesight.

d. Phase 4. Three additional 10-round groups were fired withthe rifles using the sight setting established in phase 1.

e. Phase 5. Three 10-round groups were fired with eachlauncher using the sight setting established in Phase 3.

2.4.3.3 Launcher Accuracy. Two expert rifleman each fired a 20-roundgroup for ground impact at ranges of 100, 200, and 350 meters with eachof two launchers of each model attached to M16A1 rifles. Beforefiring for record, the launcher sights were adjusted by one rifleman toimpact the grenades at the 200-meter range. Thereafter, the only sightadjustment made was to set the sight scale at the appropriategraduation for each range. The test was repeated with one launcher ofeach model attached to an XM177E2 submachine gun. One M79 launcher wasfired for control purreoses.

48

The foregoing accuracy procedures were repeated with the pivotlaunchers using the battle sight and firing 10-round groups at eachdesignated range on the sight scale.

All firings were conducted from a benchrest with windconditions of ten muh and below for ranges up to and including 200 metersand five mph and below for ranges greater than 200 meters.

2.4.4 (U) Results

2.4.4.1 Velocity Test. The instrumental velocity data for thelaunchers are given in Table 2.4-I.

Table 2.4-I (U). Velocity Data (U)

The velocity data are in feet per second and are an average of,20-round groups.

VelocitiesLauncher Avg IV 20 ft Variations

No. from Muzzle Max Min Mean Extreme Std Dev

Cartridge: 40-mm, M407A1 with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-516.Launcher: Pump.

08 246.5 252.7 237.9 2.6 14.8 3.509 245.2 259.9 240.3 1.4 9.6 2.010 238.5 244.0 234.0 2.6 10.0 3.011 241.5 248.4 228.6 2.4 19.8 3.812 247.5 251.2 241.8 2.1 9.4 2.613 246.3 252.0 242.1 1.8 9.9 2.314 245.6 249.7 240.9 2.0 8.8 2.515 245.4 248.4 242.6 1.7 5.8 1.916 244.0 246.3 241.2 1.0 5.1 1.317 238.6 242.4 232.7 1.9 9.7 2.518 243.6 247.8 240.7 1.5 7.1 1.920 237.7 241.8 233.9 2.1 7.9 2.6Avg 243.4 1.9 9.8 2.5

Launcher: Pivot.

02 240.4 243.9 236.9 2.4 7.0 2.603 234.5 237.2 230.1 1.7 7.1 2.104 234.7 238.4 229.3 1.8 9.1 2.305 233.4 237.0 229.3 1.6 7.7 2.006 238.1 242.7 233.2 1.8 9.5 2.307 234.7 239.8 228.0 2.4 11.8 3.0

49

Table 2.4-1 (Cont'd)

VelocitiesLauncher Avg IV 20 ft Variations

No. from Muzzle Max Min Mean Extreme Std Dev

08 235.2 239.7 229.9 2.2 9.8 2.709 237.1 243.4 229.7 3.1 13.7 3.710 234.8 241.5 230.4 2.1 11.1 2.811 229.4 236.8 221.6 2.8 15.2 3.612 232.6 239.0 223.3 2.4 15.8 3.413 232.7 238.7 228.0 2.5 10.7 3.1Avg 234.8 2.2 10.7 2.8

Launcher: M79.

30887 237.0 240.7 231.2 2.1 9.S 2.730898 236.0 239.7 232.0 1.6 7.7 2.030965 234.2 238.8 231.6 1.4 7.2 1.8

Avg 235.7 1.7 8.1 2.2

Note: The following data were obtained with launchers and cartridgelots used in the range-accuracy phase.

Cartridge: 40-mm, DBCATA, M407A1 with MSS1 fuze, lot 51303-1017.Launcher: DB.

11 253.7 257.7 251.4 1.9 11.5 2.712 252.1 256.4 248.8 1.7 8.3 2.113 252.8 257.4 245.9 1.9 8.5 2.4Avg 252.9 1.8 9.4 2.4

Cartridge: 40-mm, M407A1, practice, lot MA-79-12.Launcher: Pump.

12 242.4 245.4 238.4 1.8 7.0 2.113 240.8 249.3 233.5 2.7 15.8 3.5Avg 241.6 2.2 11.4 2.8

Launcher: Pivot.

06 231.6 236.8 228.5 1.7 8.3 2.107 232.4 236.0 227.S 1.9 8.5 2.4Avg 232.0 1.8 8.4 2.2

Launcher: M79.

30887 234.2 240.8 220.9 2.0 19.9 3.0

50

_ _l _ a I " I ... _• I . . . ..-. I I

As reported in Jefferson Proving Ground Acceptance FiringRecord 68-1643, the corrected average velocity of lot MA-SP-516 was253.6 fps with a standard deviation of 2.3 fps, and that for lotMA-79-12, as reported in Acceptance Firing Record 67-7905, was 251.7fps average and 2.5 fps standard deviation. Lot MA-SP-516 exceeded the252.0 fps maximum permissable average velocity for this round, but wasaccepted on waiver.

2.4.4.2 Accuracy and Dispersion on a Vertical Target. Data from thebenchrest firings (phases I through 5) to determine the effects onaccuracy of the Ml6A1 rifle from attachment and use of the launcher andeffects on launcher accuracy from use of the rifle, are given in Tables2.4-I1 and -III. The change in center of impact resulting with therifle when a launcher was attached is given in Table 2.4-IV.

51

IC l4.45U I

on Vr IlQ 00-4.u 0 M&ANoW N00

o ba~V4

r.f.G m0 nN )0G

a I.-., wr .04..4cn q

44

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444 00 00v c0"N000-r n4 In 0 v00"0"

1-o Z.414 0 1- 4 .q a I 4ý40a " L 4p .499 ww w 4o *

4 C . ~S2

Table 2.4-I11 (U). Launcher Bench Rest Accuracy Data (U)

All target measurements are in inches and are an average of three10-round groups at 50 maters range.

GroupCenter from Deviations Extremes

Launcher Aiming Point Mean -. 7r Vert lior Vert .No. For Vert Radius Wean Std Mean Std Disp Disp Spread

Condition: After being zeroed, but befcre firing the rifle (phase 3).

Pump 12 - 3.8 ÷ 6.2 4.5 1.9 2.2 3.9 4.9 6.3 14.4 15.1Pump 13 ÷8.9 - 1.3 3.9 1.7 2.3 3.0 4.3 7.3 13.9 14.4Pivot 06 + 1.1 + 8.3 3.5 1.6 2.1 2.8 3.9 6.3 13.3 14.2Pivot 07 + 0.3 * 6.3 3.2 1.7 2.4 2.2 3.1 7.8 10.8 11.9DBCATA 11 * 3.9 - 1.0 4.9 3.6 4.5 2.9 3.5 12.8 10.4 15.4DBCATA 12 - 1.4 * 1.8 4.6 2.7 3.5 3.1 3.8 11.5 12.4 13.5

Condition: After firing the rifle (phase 5).

Pump 12 -6.6 5.0 3.5 1.6 2.0 2.9 3.6 6.1 11.1 11.6Pump 13 * 8.7 - 3.2 4.0 1.4 1.7 3.5 4.6 5.3 15.4 15.5Pivot 06 -13.5 ÷7.1 3.5 1.9 2.4 2.7 3.3 7.6 9.8 10.5Pivot 07 - 2.3 * 4.1 2.7 1.5 1.8 1.9 2.5 5.4 8.2 9.2DOCATA 11 + 3.8 + 4.1 S.5 3.6 4.4 3.4 4.6 13.5 14.7 17.4DBCATA 12 a- 1 6 . 9 + 6.1 5.7 3.9 5.0 3.3 4.2 14.8 13.5 17.8

Condition: Using the battle sight.

Pivot 06 + 6.0 .15.4 4.6 2.4 3.2 3.3 4.2 9.7 13.0 13.9Pivot 07 + 0.8 * 1.9 4.5 1.8 2.3' 3.7 4.6 7.0 14.3 14.5

aAfter-firing inspection disclosed that one-half of the insulator in thefront barrel bracket had broken and fallen out of the bracket and theother half had moved out of position. The shift in group locationrelative to that recorded in phase 3 was attributed t2 the faulty barrelbracket insulator.

53

Table 2.4-IV (U). Change in Group Cent'er of ImpactWhich Occurred with the Attachment of a

Launcher to the H16Al Rifle (U)

Shift inRifle Launcher Group Locationa

Nfo. Attached H Vor Vert

Range: 100 meters.

802660 Pump 12 +0.8 -0.9814369 Pump 13 -0.2 -0.1810980 Pivot 06 +1.2 +6.4813592 Pivot 07 -3.7 +3.9812453 UBCATA 11 +0.7 +1.5803828 DBCATA 12 -2.5 +1.2

aThe distance and direction of shift is relative to the group location

without a launcher attached.

The attachment of the pivot launcher was the only launcher of thethree types that caused a shift in center-of-impact location of the riflethat was larger than those resulting in normal group-to-group shifts ofthe rifle. The sights on the rifles could be readjusted to compensatefor the shift with latitude remaining for further adjustment. The re-corded sight settings for the H16AI rifles before attachment of thelaunchers are given in Table 2.4-V.

Table 2.4-V (U). Recorded Rifle-Sight Settings beforeAttachment of a Launcher (U)

Rifle Launcher No. of ClicksaNo. Attached Windageu Elevationc

802660 Pump 12 21 30814369 Pump 13 21 32810980 Pivot 06 22 27813592 Pivot 07 21 29812453 DBCATA 11 8 28803828 DBCATA 12 21 31

aone click in windage or elevation moves the bullet impact at 100 meters

approximately 1.1 inch,bThe figure represents the number of clicks of windage from the extreme

left sight position. The rear sight has a range of 32 clicks of windage.cThe figure represents the number of clicks of elevation from th;, lowestsight position. The front sight has a range of 40 clicks of elevation.

54

The changes in the center of impact of lavmcher shot groups(Table 2.4-11) occurring with the firing of the rifle were notgreater than variations among individual groups. Only one VC'ATAlauncher experienced a large shift and that was attributed to a faultybarrel bracket insulator.

The cause for the increase in dispersion of the pivot launcherswith tie cý' ' battle sight relative to that when using the primary*iitwt Wi unxnown. In the opinion of the gunners the primary sightwvith'a peep and front post could be more accurately aligned than couldthe open, ladder-type battle sight. The accuracy data on thehorizontal target, as reported in par. 2.4.4.3, does not necessarilysupport this, because, in most instances, the group size when using thebattle sight on the pivot launcher was smaller than when using theprimary sight. However, with use, the leaf spring on the primary sightwhich holds the front post developed cracks; consequently, it losttension and failed to return to position with each round fired. Hence,an increase in dispersion would result.

2.4.4.3 Launcher Accuracy. The test results of the range accuracyfirings with the launchers conducted to test the accuracy of the sightgraduations on the launcher sights and to determine the dispersion ofthe launchers at the various ranges when attached to the M16AI rifleare given in Table 2.4-VI. Accuracy and dispersion data with one M79launcher, using the same lot of ammunition, are also given in thistable. The accuracy and dispersion data for the test launchers whenattached to the XM177E2 submachine gun are given in Table 2.4-VII.

Only the pivot launcher was provided with a battle sight. Theaccuracy and dispersion data of the pivot launcher when using thebattle sight are given in Table 2.4-VIII.

55

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The round-to-round dispersion of the groups at all ranges withthe pump and pivot launchers was comparable. However, the sight onthe pivot launcher was not correctly graduated for the velocity levelproduced by the launchers With the test lot of ammunition. The firingswith the M79 launcher demonstrated that the M79 sights also did notfit the test lot of ammunition, in approximately the same manner and tothe same degree as the pivot launcher sights. It should be noted thatthe M79 and pivot launchers were comparable with regard to velocitylevel. The sights on the pump launcher were reasonably well matched tothe test lot of ammunition; however, the pump launcher fired the testlot at approximately ten feet per second higher velocity than did thepivot or M79 launchers. The battle sight provided for use with the pivotlauncher also was not correctly graduated.

The graduations on the sight for the DBCATA launcher wereaccurate at all ranges; however, the round-to-round dispersion whenattached to the MI6Al rifle was slightly greater than that of the pumpand pivot launchers.

2.4.5 (U) Analysis

All three test launchers met the requirements of the technicalcharacteristics as outlined in the criteria, par. 2.4.2.

61

CONFIDENTIAL2.S LOW-TEMPERATURE TOST (-6S'F) (U)

2.5.1 (U) Objective

The objective was to determine the functioning performance of thetest launchers under conditions of low temperature.


It is required that the launcher be capable of being maintainedand operated under -25*F temperature conditions and desired that itbe capable of the same under -6S*F conditions.

2.5.3 (U) Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned, lubricated andattached to M16AI rifles. The weapons and ammunition were thensubjected to a temperature of -6S5F for a minimum of 24 hours priorto firing. The firing procedure consisted of attempting to fire 20rounds from each of the launchers, and 40 rounds semiautomaticallyand 60 rounds in 3-to 5-round bursts from each of the rifles. Thisprocedure was repeated four times with a reconditioning period attemperature for a minimum of 1 hour between each series. Two M79grenade launchers were fired in a similar manner for control purposes.

2.5.4 (U) Results

The malfunction data recorded in the low-temperature test aregiven in Table 2.5-I.

Table 2.S-I (U). Cold Test Function Data (U)

LauncherNo. Functiona Remarks

Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm M407A1 with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-516.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcher: 100.Launcher: Pump.

8 42-FX After-firing inspection revealed both bracket6-FFRL insulators to be badly chipped.

10 1-FX After-firing inspection revealed the bracket2-FFRL insulators to be broken. Both were replaced2-PS with insulators of darker-colored material.

See footnote on following page.

62

CONFIDENTIAL

Table 2.3-I (Cont'd)

LauncherNo. Functiona Remarks

11 11-FX4-FFRL2-PS

Launcher: Pivot.

9 8-FJ$-FFRL2-FER1-PS

10 15-FFRL2-PS

11 S-FJ8-FFRL2-FER

Launcher: M79.

2 4-FFRLI-FX

3 9-FFRL1-FX

Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-nm, DBCATA, M406 with dummy fuze, inert,lot No. 51303-1018 (60 rounds total), and DBCATA, MM407A,practice, lot No. 51303-1018 (240 rounds).

8 19-FS7-FFRL

9 26-FS The mounting screw on the sight came loose Curing3-FFRL firing. After-firing inspection revealed the

front and rear bracket insulators were broken.Both were replnced with insulators of darker-colored material.

10 26-FFS The mounting screw on the sight came loose7-FFRL during firing.

aDisassembly and inspection of the rounds identified in the abovetable as failures to fire (FFRL) in the pump, pivot, and M79 launchersdisclosed that 44 of the total of 53 had actually fired, with thepropellant burning within the case but failing to generate sufficientpressures to force the projectile out of the case. The remainingnine rounds were actual failures to fire and of these four were withthe pump launchers and five were with the pivot launchers. It couldnot be determined whether the nine failures to fire were attributableto 'the weapons or resulted from defective primers.

63

CONFIDENTIALOf the failures to extract (FX) encountered with the pump launchers,

launcher No. 8 had 42 and launcher No. 10 had one. Inspection of the twolaunchers revealed a definite difference in the angle at which the hook onthe extractor engaged the rim of the case. The angle of the hook on theextractor in the launcher which had one failure to extract was cut toslope towards the rim (negative angle), whereas the angle on the extractorin the launcher which had 42 failures to extract sloped away from the rim(positive angle). The failure-to-extract problem was attributed to thepositive angle of cut on the extractor hook. At this point in testing,with the concurrence of AMCPM-RS, all extractors in the pump launchersat APG were modified to have a negative 3-degree angle. The low tem-perature test was not repeated to ascertain the competence of the modi-fication under cold conditions on the basis that the launcher with anegative angle on the extractor hook had demonstrated satisfactoryextraction performance in the low-temperature test.

With the concurrence of AMCPM-RS, the Code AA representative re-placed the 0.016-inch-diameter wire primary sear spring with a-springmade of 0.022-inch-diameter wire. This modification was made in anattempt to correct the failure to sear problem and also to correct theunsafe feature of the trigger remaining in a partially pulled positionas described in paragraph 2.3.4c(4) of the safety examination. Theheavier spring did not correct the unsafe condition and the results ofsubsequent subtests showed that it did not correct the failure to searmalfunction.

2.S.5 (U) Analysis

All of the test launchers were capable of being maintained andoperated at the -6SF temperature. On the basis that the modificationmade to the extractor on the pump launcher corrected the failure-to-extract malfunction, the performance of the pump launcher would besuperior to that of the pivot and DBCATA launchers.

2.6 HIGH-TEMPERATURE TEST (+155"F) (U)

2.6.1 •U•) Objective '

The objective was to determine the functioning performance ofthe test launchers under conditions of high temperature.


It is required that the launcher be capable of being maintainedand operated under +12SF temperature conditions and desired that itbe capable of the same under +155"F conditions.

64

CONFIDENTIAL

2.6.3 (U) Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned, lubricated, andattached to M16A1 rifles. The weapons and ammunition were then sub-jected to a temperature of ÷155*F for 12 hours prior to firing. Thetest procedure consisted of firing 20 rounds from each of the launchersand 40 rounds semiautomatically and 60 rounds in 3- to S-round burstsfrom each of the rifles. This procedure was repeated four timeswith a reconditioning period at temperature for a minimum of one hourbetween each series. Two M79 grenade launchers were fired in asimilar manner for control purposes.

2.6.4 (U) Results

The malfunction data recorded during the hot test are givenin Table 2.6-I.

Table 2.6-I (U). Hot Test Function Data (U)

LauncherNo. Function Remarks

Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, M407A1, with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-172.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcher: 100.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis The glue on the handguard broke loose, whichallowed the handguard to slide along thebarrel of the launcher.

10 Satis Twenty slightly riveted primers occurred.11 Satis

Launcher: Pivot.

09 S-FJ The sight shifted range setting during firing3-FRRS of the launcher.

10 2-FJ Same remark as with pivot-launcher No. 9.4-FFRR

11 2-FJ Same remark as with pivot-launchers No. 9 and1-FER 10. The two occurrences of inadvertent fire7-FFRR occurred with the rifle during the firing of4-FRRS the last 20-round cycle from the launcher.

* 2-IAVF

Launcher: M79.

2 Satis3 1-FX

I 65



Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, DBCATA, M407A1, practice lot 51303-1018.Launcher: DBCATA.

8 12-FS The sight shifted in range-setting during firing3-FFRR of the launcher and the sight-mount screw came7-FRRS loose during firing of the rifle.

9 21-FS Same remark as with DBCATA No. 8.8-FFRR6 -FRRS

10 9-FS Same remark as with DBCATA Nos. 8 and 9.7-FFRR2-FRRS

The two instances of inadvertent firing of the Ml16A1 rifle wereattributed to recoil imparted to the rifle from firing of the attachedlauncher. The recoil caused the trigger on the rifle to actuate;subsequently, the hammer failed to remain seared and fell. Usually,the fall of the hammer under these circumstances does not fire therifle because the bolt-carrier group is recoiled rearward with thefiring of the launcher and the energy of the hammer is absorbed on thecarrier.

Further discussion of the failure of the rifle to remain searedwith the firing of the launcher is contained in paragraph 2.3.4 of thesafety examination.

The occurrence of riveted primers with one of the pump launcherswas an indication of excessive headspace which, on the pump launcher,is controlled by the extractor. The riveting was only slight and didnot occur with all rounds. Measurement of the distance between thetip of the extractor hook and the breech face disclosed 0.093 inch onthe launcher which was experiencing riveted primers and 0.084 and0.085 inch on the other tw launchers. A similar measurement on thepump launchers in the reliability test disclosed that two of the threelaunchers had a headspace of 0.90 inch and the third a headspace of0.080 inch. No problems of riveted primers or indications of suchoccurred during the reliability test. Based on the foregoing thetolerances for headspace in the pump launcher should be 0.085 t 0.005inch.

After-test inspection disclosed the barrel bracket insulators.on all pump launchers, including those on launcher No. 11 which wereof new material, to be chipped but still serviceable. Those inDBCATA launcher Nos. 8 and 10 were also broken and were replaced with

66

CONFIDENTIALinsulators of the new material. Also the barrel bracket screws on allof the pump launchers were bent in the area where the head joins thebody of the screw. The bent screws were replaced with screws of longerlength.

Inspection also disclosed that the leaf spring which held thebracket for the peep sight in position on the sight for DBCATAlauncher No. 8 had taken a set. This allowed the peep sight to moveout of position. A new spring was installed by the Code AArepresentative.

2.6.5 (U) Analysis

All three launcher types were capable of being maintained andoperated under *15S*F temperature conditions; however, the functionperformance of the pump launcher was superior to that of the pivotand DBCATA launchers.

2.7 STATIC DUST TEST (U)

2.7.1 (U) Objective

The objective was to determine the functioning performance of*the test launchers after being subjected to adverse conditions ofdust.


It is desired that the launcher provide the highest possibledegree of functioning reliability, consistent with meeting otherrequirements, under exposure to adverse environmental conditions ofdust.

2.7.3 (U) Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned, lubricated, andattached to Ml6Al rifles. Each launcher was then loaded, the safetyplaced on the SAFE position, muzzle taped shut, and with 9 rounds ofbandoleered amnunition, placed in the dust box and exposed to a blastof dust for 1 minute top side up and for one minute upside down.The dust mixture was as specified in MIL-E-S272C (ASG), commonlyreferred to as silica flour. The mixture was poured at a rate offive pounds per minute through the pour hole while the blower wasturned at an approximate handle speed of 60 rpm. Before firing,the shooter removed the tape from the muzzle and attempted to cleanthe excess dust from the congested areas on the launcher and ammunition

67

CONFIDENTIAL

by shaking, blowing, and wiping with the bare hands. Each launcher wasthen fired ten rounds. The rounds from the DBCATA launchers were firedto impact on a vertical target at 50 meters in order to determine theinfluence of dust on the positioning angle of the DBCATA cartridge inthe launcher.

2.7.4 (U) Results

The results of the static dust test are given in Table 2.7-I.The dispersion data for the DBCATA launchers are given in Table 2.7-I.

Table 2.7-I (U). Static Dust Test Function Data (U)


Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, M407AI, with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-516.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcber: 10.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis10 Satis11 Satis

Launcher: Pivot.

09 6-FJ Sand within the ejector-housing made the operationof the ejector sluggish.

10 3-FJ Same remark as with pivot launcher No. 09.11 1-FJ Same remark as with No. 09.

Launcher: DBCATA.Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, DBCATA, M407A1, practice, lot 51303-1015.

8 I-FJI-FS

9 1-FS10 3-FJ

2-FS

After-firing inspection revealed only small traces of dustwithin the trigger housings of any of the launchers. However, theaccumulation of sand within the ejector housing of the pivot launcherand around the round retainers of the DBCATA launcher increasedfriction between operating parts and caused some of the ejectionproblems.

68

The inspection also disclosed that slight burring and deformationof the sides of the barrel-lock slot in the ejector housing of thepivot launchers had occurred.

Table 2.7-I1 (U). Dispersion Data Obtained with the DBCATALaunchers in the Dust Test (50 Meters) (U)

Deviation, in. ExtremeLauncher Horizontal Vertical Dispersion, in.

No. MR Mean Std Mean Std Hor Vert Spread

8 5.7 4.3 5.3 3.1 3.9 14.2 12.7 17.09 8.0 3.8 4.4 6.1 9.3 11.2 33.3 33.6

10 6.7 3.9 4.8 4.8 6.1 13.3 20.0 20.1Avg 6.8 4.0 4.8 4.7 6.4 12.9 22.0 23.6

Comparison of the SO-meter dispersion data from Table 2.7-I1 withthat in Table 2.4-II1, which was fired with DBCATA launchers under cleanfield conditions, shows that the accumulation of dust on and around thebreech face and round retainers did not cause the dispersion to increase.

2.7.5 (U) Analysis

All three launchers were operable under the conditions of thestatic dust test; however, the functioning performance of the pumplauncher was superior to that of the pivot and DBCATA.

69

2.8 (U) UNLUBRICATED TEST

2.8.1 Objective

The objective was to determine the functioning performance ofthe test launchers when in an unlubricated condition.

2.8.2 Criteria

The launcher shall function reliably in an unlubricatedcondition.

2.8.3 Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned with quick-dryingsolvent (PS-661-B), not lubricated, and attached to M16AI rifles. Eachlauncher was then fired ten rounds. Since the DBCATA launc~ter featuredautomatic ejection and cocking, five of the ten rounds were fired withthe weapon held loosely in the hands to determine if variations inrigidity with which the weapon were held influenced these automaticactions.

2.8.4 Results

The function data for the unlubricated test are given in Table2.8-!.

Table 2.8-I (U). Function Data for Unlubricated Test (U)


Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mu, M407AI, with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-S16.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcher: 10.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis The safety could not be moved to the "SAFE"position without first depressing thedetent with a small screwdriver.

10 Satis Same remark as with pump launcher No. 8.11 Satis Same remark as with pump launcher No. 8.

70


Launcher

No. Function Remarks

Launcher: Pivot.

09 3-FJ10 2-FJ11 4-FJ The primary sight shifted range setting

during firing of the launcher.

Launcher: DBCATA.Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, DBCATA, M407A1, practice, lot 51303-1017.

8 3-FJ9 8-FS

10 S-FJ6-FS

The failure of the safety on the puM. launcher was die tobinding of the detent in the housing. In Aoving the safety to the"SAFE" position, the detent must be depressed into the housing of thelauncher. The radius of the contact surface between the tip of thedetent and the safety was very sharp; consequently, when the gunnerattempted to move the safety to the "SAFE" position the action forcedthe tip of the detent downward and caused the binding action. Anapplication of lubricant to the detent helped to alleviate the problem,but did not correct it completely. The addition of material on thebottom side of the safety assembly to increase the radius of thecontact surface with the detent would probably correct the problem.

After-firing inspection of the sight for pump launcher No. 11disclosed the bracket on the sight arm for the rear aperature to bebent. This was not attributed to the unlubricated condition, but tothe fragility of the sight. The angle and manner of the bendindicated that the weapon had been laid on the left side with the rearaperature folded out to the "fire" position.

2.8.5 Analysis

The function performance of the pump launchers was superior tothat of the pivot or DBCATA launcher; however, the shortcoming relativeto the safety on the pump launcher requires correction.

71

2.9 (U) WATER SPRAY TEST

2.9.1 Objective

The objective was to determine the effect of simulated heavy,>: rainfall on the functioning performance of the test launchers.

2.9.2 Criteria

Sane as for par. 2.72, except that the adverse condition was

simulated heavy rain.

2.9.3 Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned, lubricated andattached to M16AI rifles. Each launcher was then subjected to a spray

*i~ of water from a special shower head positioned about 3 feet above theweapon. The spray of water fell at a rate of approximately 0.4 inchper minute or 24 t 3 inches per hour. The average air and watertemperature throughout the test were *750F and *63*F respectively. whilebeing subjected to the water spray, the launchers were fired asoutlined in Table 2.9-1. The ammunition was not subjected to the water

.... spray except for the initial round of each phase which was chambered inthe launchers.

Table 2.9-I (U). Firing Sequence for Water-Spray Test (U)

"Cu:mulativeExposure Exposure Cumulative.T.oe Time, Rain, Rain

Test Condition min mun in. in.

Weapon Horizontal

Launcher empty, breech closed S 5 2.0 2.0Loaded S 10 2.0 4.0Fire S rounds 4 14 1.6 5.6Launcher empty, breech closed S 19 2.0 7.6Loaded 5 24 2.0 9.6Fire S rounds 4 28 1.6 11.2

Weapon Mu~zzle Up

Launcher empty, breech clo3ed S 33 2.0 13.2Loaded S 38 2.0 15.2Fire S rounds 4 42 1.6 16.8

72


CumulativeExposure Exposure Cumulative

Time, Time, Rain, RainTest Condition min min in. in.

Launcher empty, breech closed 5 47 2.0 18.8Loaded 5 52 2.0 20.8Fire 5 rounds 4 S6 1.6 22.4

Weapon Muzzle Down

Launcher empty, breech closed S 61 2.0 24.4Loaded 5 66 2.0 26.4Fire S rounds 4 70 1.6 28.0Launcher empty, breech closed 5 75 2.0 30.0Loaded 5 80 2.0 32.0Fire 5 rounds 4 84 1.6 -

2.9.4 Results

The function data for the water spray test are given in Table.2.9-I.

Table 2.9-1! (U). Function Data for Water Spray Test (U)


Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, M407A1, with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-S16.No. of Pounds Fired per Launcher: 30.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis Safety could be operated with no problem.10 Satis The safety could not be moved to the "SAFE"

position at the start of the test butapproximately half way through the exerciseit could be operated.

11 Satis The safety could not be moved to the "SAFE"position except with use of a screwdriverto depress the detent.

Launcher: Pivot.

09 9-FJ10 3-FJ

73

V

Table 2.9-I1 (Cont'd)


11 16-FJ The failure to fire occurred in the first1-FFR cycle of five rounds. The firing pin was

striking high on the primer at the 12 o'clock position. The rear bracket wasloosened and the indents thereafter werelower, but still slightly off center.

Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, DBCATA, M407A1, practice, lot 51303-1015.Launcher: DBCATA.

8 Satis9 1-FS

10 1-FJ Both failures to fire occurred on the first1-FS round after a conditioning period. The2-FFR first occurred in the muzzle up position

and the second in the muzzle down position.The indents in both rounds appeared to belight, but neither would fire on secondattempts.

After-firing inspection revealed the safety-detent spring onpump launcher No. 11 to be kinked. A new spring was assembled but thesafety still could not be actuated. A new safety assembly was installedwhich alleviated the problem, but did not correct it entirely.

2.9.5 Analysis

All three launchers were operable under the conditions of thewater spray test, but the functioning performance of the pump wassuperior to that of the pivot and DBCATA launchers.

2.10 (U) DYNAMIC DUST TEST

2.10.1 Objective

The objective was to determine the functioning performance ofthe test launchers under conditions of blowing dust.

74

2.10.2 Criteria

Sane as for par. 2.7.2.

2.10.3 Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned, lubricated, andattached toMl6Al rifles. Each launcher was loaded, the safety placedon the SAFE position and with 14 rounds of ammunition in bandoleersplaced in the dynamic dust chamber. The weapons and ammunition werethen exposed to blowing dust which was introduced into the dust chamberat an approximate rate of two pounds per minute. The blower was turnedat a handle speed of 60 rpm. Each launcher was then fired 15 roundsemploying a rate of fire of approximately one round each ten secondswhich made a total time in the blowing dust of approximately 2-1/2minutes provided no problems were encountered. The dust mixture wasthe same as that described in paragraph 2.7.3.

2.10.4 Results

The function data recorded during the dynamic dust test aregiven in Table 2.10-I.,'

Table 2.10-1 (U). Function Data for Dynamic Dust Test (U)

Total TimeLauncher in Dust

No. Function lin Sec Remarks

Amamition: Cartridge, 40-mm, M407AI with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-516.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcher: 15.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis 2 30 After completion of the testthe safety could not readilybe moved to the SAFE positionuntil after several attemptswere made.

10 Satis 2 30 The safety functioned properly.11 Satis 2 30 The safety functioned properly.

75


Total TimeLauncher in Dust

No. Function --S Sez Remarks

Launcher: Pivot.

09 5-FER 3 30 The test was stopped after7-FJ three attempts were made to

fire the eleventh round.Prior to this time fourother occurrences of thesame malfunction had beenexperienced. Inspection ofthe launcher showed theejector to be in the forwardposition. The chamberedround and the other fourrounds which had beenejected after attempts tofire disclosed no trace offiring pin indent.

10 4-FJ 2 30

11 5-FJ 2 36

Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-rn, DBCATA, M407AI, practice, lot 51303-1015.Launcher: DBCATA.

8 S-FJ 2 309 Satis 2 30

10 11-FJ 3 05 Three attempts were made toI-FS fire one round. In each1-FFR instance the firing pin

moved forward, but failed toindent the primer. Inspectionrevealed the round to beassembled under only oneround retainer. Themalfunction was charged topersonnel error.

After-test inspection of the trigger-housings disclosed verylittle dust within the housing of any of the launchers. However, theinside of the ejectors on the pivot launchers were coated with dust.

76

2.10.5 MalYsis

The malfunction performance of the three launchers showed thatonly the pump launcher functioned reliably wuder conditions of blowingdust.

2.11 (U) MUD TEST

2.11.1 (U) Objective

The objective was to determine the functioning performance ofthe test launchers after being subjected to adverse conditions of mud.

2.11.2 (U) Criteria

Same as in paragraph 2.7.2. except that the adverse conditionwas mud.

2.11.3 (U) Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned, lubricated, andattached to M16AI rifles. Each launcher was loaded, the safety placedon the SAFE position, and with the muzzle taped shut submerged in amud mixture for 60 seconds. The mud mixture consisted of ten poundsof red clay to two pounds of clean river sand to eight quarts of water.Prior to firing, an attempt was made to clean the weapon by wiping withthe bare hands and Jarring. An attempt ,was then made to fire tenrounds. The ammunition was not subjected to the mud except for theinitial round which was chambered in the launcher.

2.11.4 (U) Results

The function data recorded during the mud test are given inTable 2.11-I.

77

Table 2.11-1 (U). Function Data for Mud Test (U)


Ammuition: Cartridges 40-rn, M407A1 with dumm fuze, lot MA-SP-516.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcher: 10.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis The safety was actuated once and then thedetent plunger could not be depressedwithout the use of a small screwdriver.

10 Satis Same remark as with pump launcher No. 8.11 Satis Same remark as with pump launcher No. 8.

Launcher: Pivot.

09 2-FER The failures of the ejector to return2-FRT occurred with the loading of the second1-CLF and third round. The trigger could not be2-FJ pulled to fire the third round. At this

time the weapon was turned upside down andapproximately a quart of water was pouredinto and on the bottom of the triggerhousing. The trigger was still difficultto pull, but could be actuated.

10 3-FJ The trigger was very difficult to pull andS-CLF the launcher barrel was hard to pivot.

11 2-FJ The trigger could not be pulled to fire the6-CLF ninth round. As with launcher No. 9,

approximately a quart of water was pouredinto and on the bottom of the triggerhousing. The round was then fired.

78



Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, DBCATA, M407AI, practice, lot 51303-1015.Launcher: DBCATA.

8 The initial round fired, ejected, and thefiring pin seared. The second round wasloaded, but the sear would not release thefiring pin when the trigger was pulled.Approximately a quart of water was pouredover the breech and trigger of the launcher,and the charging handle was pulled rearwardseveral times, but the sear still wouldnot release the firing pin with theactuation of the trigger. The test wasterminated.

9 Same remark as with DBCATA launcher No. 8.10 Same remark as with DBCATA launcher No. 8.

After-test inspection of the inside of the housings of thelaunchers disclosed only slight traces of mud in the pump launcher andheavy concentrations in the pivot and DBCATA launchers. The difficultywith the trigger and cocking levers on the pivot launcher was attributedto mud on and around the sear and cocking shaft and between the top ofthe trigger and the launcher housing. The mud between the top of thetrigger and the launcher housing prohibited movement of the trigger andrequired the gunner to pull the trigger several times in order to causethe sear to release the hammer. The failure of the DBCATA launchers wasattributed to mud between the contact surfaces of the sear and thefiring pin which prohibited the release of the firing pin with actuationof the trigger.

As in the static dust test, par. 2.7, plans were to target theDBCATA launchers at 50 meters with the launcher in a muddy condition.However, due to termination of the test after the firing of one roundthis could not be accomplished.

2.11.S Analysis

The design of the pivot and DBCATA launchers was such as topermit ready entry of mud into vital working parts, with consequentdeleterious effects an operation. The pump launcher design wassuperior to the other two models in this respect.

79

2.12 (U) SALT-WIATER IMERSION TEST

2.12.1 Objective

The objective was to determine the deleterious effects ofimmersion in salt water on weapon performance.

2.12.2 Criteria

Same as in par. 2.7.2, except that the adverse condition wasimmersion in salt water.

2.12.3 Method

Three launchers of each model were cleaned and lubricated.Each launcher was then submerged in a salt-water solution for 60seconds. The solution was composed of 20 per cent salt to 80 per centwater, by weight. The salt did not contain more than 0.1 per centsodium iodide nor more than 0.2 per cent impurities. After removal fromthe salt water, each launcher was attached to an M16Al rifle, fired 5rounds, and then exposed to the heat and humidity conditions as shown inTable 2.12-1 for a period of ten days. Within the 10-day period,additional S-round complements were fired on the third, fifth, eighth,and tenth days without the aid of cleaning or additional lubricant.The ammunition was not immersed in the salt-water solution.

Table 2.12-1 (U). Heat-Humidity Stora;e Schedule (U)

No. Hrs Temperature, OF Relative Humidity

2 Increase to +105 8S to 9016 Maintain at +105 ± 3 as to 90

2 Decrease +105 to 70 95 24 Maintain at +70 t 3 95 2

One of the three launchers of each model was stored with around chambered and an attempt was made to fire this round without priorremoval from the launcher chamber. The other two launchers of eachmodel were stored in an unloaded condition.

2,12,4 Results

The function data recorded during the salt-water immersion testare given in Table 2.12-I.

80

---------

Table 2.12-I1 (U). Function Data for Salt-WaterImmersion Test (U)


Ammunition: Cartridge, 40-mm, M407AI with dummy fuze, lot MA-SP-516.No. of Rounds Fired per Launcher: 25.Launcher: Pump.

8 Satis10 Satis11 Satis

Launcher: Pivot.

09 9-FJ10 2-FFRL The failures to fire occurred on the fifth

l0-FJ and tenth days with the first round whichwas stored in the chamber of the launcher a

11 l-FFRL The failure to fire occurred on the first10-FJ round of the test., The indent in the

primer was extremely high at the12 o'clock position. The rear barrelbracket was loosened which centered theprimer indent on subsequent rounds. Thefailure to fire was charged to personnelerror.

Ammuition: Cartridge, 40-mm, DBCATA, M407A1, practice, lot 51303-1015.Launcher: DBCATA

S 2-FFRL The primers in both rounds were deeplyindented. One occurred on the eighth dayand the other on the tenth day.

3-FS9 4-FS

10 Satis

aBoth rounds had light indents in the primers and fired on the secondattempt. The malfunctions were attributed to water accumulation in theplunger assembly which created a hydrostatic condition within theassembly. This did not occur with the other two pivot launchersbecause the cocking levers were depressed in the loading-action andthis actuated the plunger and forced the water from the assembly.

81

After-test inspection of the launchers disclosed the workingparts within the trigger housing of the pump launcher to have a severeconcentration of rust. Particularly, the firing-pin spring showed aheavy build-up of corrosion with marked pitting and etching. Thecocking lever showed some etching through the plating in the area wherethe arms of the lever straddle the firing pin. A heavy accumulation ofrust was present within the firing pin well, but this was attributedto contact with the firing pin spring. Additionally, on the puuplauncher, the front barrel bracket was approximately 80% rust coveredwith some pitting and the heads of the retaining screws for the sightbase and the knob on the mounting screw were 75% rust covered withpitting and etching.

No rust was found on the parts within the trigger housings of thepivot and DBCATA launchers. The only rust found on the pivot was onthe heads of screws and on the barrel brackets. The surface area of theround retainers on the DBCATA launcher was 10% rust covered with slightpitting. The breech buttons and the heads of the retainer screws wereSO% rust covered with some etching. The sight on the DBCATA launcherbeing of the same design as that for the pump showed rust in a similarmanner.

2.12.5 Analysis

The pump launcher experienced more rust accumulation on workingparts than did either the pivot or DBCATA launchers. The functioningreliability, of the pump launcher, however, was superior to that ofeither of the other two models.

* I 82

CONFIDENTIAL2.13 RELIABILITY AND DURABILITY (U)

2.13.1 (U) Objectives


a. To determine the reliability of the test launchers.

b. To determine if the attachment and use of the test launchers,particularly extended use, is detrimental to the M16AIrifle.

2.13.2 Criteria (U)

a. (C) The launcher shall be capable of firing at least 1000rounds without incurring broken or unserviceable parts.

b. (U) The attachment and subsequent use of the launcher shallnot be detrimental to the accuracy or function performanceof the M16AI rifle.

2.13.3 (U) Method

Three launchers of each model were attached to M16AI riflesand fired 1000 rounds each. The rounds previously fired for velocitywere counted as part of the 1000-round total. After each 200 roundsof firing, all launchers were cleaned and lubricated, and the followingmeasurements were recorded:

a. Cocking or charging force.

b. Safety actuation force.

c. Firing-pin indent.

d. Firing-pin energy.

e. Firing-pin protrusion.

f. Trigger pull.

Additionally, velocity measurements of the first and last tenrounds of each 200-round group were obtained. The ammunition fired forvelocity was temperature conditioned at *70" t 2*F.

83

CONFIDENTIAL

Also, at the beginning of each 200-round cycle, the launcherand rifle to which the launcher was attached were fired alternatelyfor 20 rounds in order to determine the occurrence of rifle f:iluresto fire and failures to remain seared due to recoil imparted to the

rifle from firing the launcher. For the foregoing firing the rifleselector was set on semiautomatic. The procedure was then repeatedwith the rifle selector set mn autnmat1c, iut no attempt was made tofire the rifle until after 26 ýurds had been fired with the attachedlauncher. After each 100 rounds of firing with the launcher, therifle was fired 100 rounds semiautomatically and 100 rounds automatically.

Since the DBCATA launcher features automatic ejecrion andcocking 20 rounds of the 100-round test were fired with the weaponheld at various attitudes to determine the effects on the automaticactions. The various positions are as follows:

a. Held loosely in the hand-.

b. Held normally at an elevation of 45 degrees.

c. Held loosely at an elevation of 45 degrees.

d. Held normally at a depression of 80 degrees.

e. Held loosely at a depression of 80 degrees.

Prior to the test, after firing 500 rounds, and followingcompletion of 1000 rounds of firing with the launchers, three 10-roundaccuracy groups were fired at 100 meters with each of the rifles andat S0 meters with each of the launchers.

2.13.4 Results (U)

(U) The function data recorded for the three types of launchersduring the 1000-round reliability test are given in Tables 2.13-I, -II,and -III. Included in the tables are the rifle failures to fire andfailures to remain seared which occurred due to recoil imparted to therifle from firing the launcher. The M16A1 rifle performance dataobtained during the launcher reliability test, excluding those riflemalfunctions considered attributable to the attached launcher aresummarized in Table 2.13-X.

(U) The launcher measurements recorded at the start of the testand after each 200-round group of the 1000-round test are summarized inTable 2.13-IV. The velocity performance of the pump and pivot launchersthroughout the test are sumarized in Table 2.13-V and the velocitydata for the DBCATA launcher are given in Table 2.13-VI. The accuracydata obtained with the launchers and rifles at the beginning of test,at the 500-round stage and after test are given in Tables 2.13-VII and-VIll.

84

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Figure 2.13-1 (C): Parts for Firing-Pin-Stop. (1) Modified FiringPin. (2) Firing-Pin-Stop. (3) Spring. (4) Dowel Pin. The ArrowIndicates the Hole in the Launcher Housing for the Dowel Pin Which Re-tains the Firing-Pin-Stop (U).

Figure 2.13-2 (C): LEFT: View of the Face of the Breech on aDBCATA Launcher as Initially Received for Test. RIGHT: View Showingthe Slot (Arrow) Which Was Cut for the Installation of the Firing-Pin-Stop ('J).

92

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Table 2.13-VI (U). Velocity Data Recorded at End of theReliability Test with the DBCATA Launchera (P)

Launcher Velocities, fpsbAvg IV20 Feet Variations

Launcher from StdNo. Muzzle Max Min Mean Extreme Dev

Cartridge: 40-mm, DBCATA, M407AI, lot 51303-1017.

DB14 2S2.9 2S8.S 248.9 2.3 9.6 2.8DBIS 251.1 254.3 247.5 1.6 6.8 2.0DB16 250.9 255.6 248.1 1.4 7.S 1.8Avg 251.6 1.7 8.0 2.2

aSince the DBCATA launcher is only a launching platform for the disposable-

barrel cartridge, velocity measurements were not recorded throughoutthe test as each round has a new barrel and the velocity data were mainlyto determine velocity loss resulting from barrel wear.

bAll data are an average of 20 rounds.

The stoppage rates per 100 rounds fired for the three pumplaunchers throughout 1000 rounds of firing were 3.8, 0.5, and 0.6;similarly, for the pivot launchers, the rates were 13.2, 11.3, and 22.3,and those for the DBCATA were 2.8, 3.8, and 1.1.

No detrimental effects from the partial primer punchouts wereobserved with either the pump or pivot launcher. Inspection of firinppin contour, diameter, and protrusion failed to reveal any conclusivecause for the partial punchouts.

After-test inspection of the pump launchers showed that somedeformation and errosion had occurred around the firing-pin hole.This condition was attributed to the flowback of the primer around thefiring pin tip. The design of the pump launcher was such that thefiring pin remained in the forward position after firing with the tipprotruding through the breech until the gunner reloaded the launcher.No detrimental effects on lsi.ncher performance was noted from thiscondition.

As in other subtests, the mounting bracket screws on the pumplaunchers bent and deformed in the area where the head joins the bodyof the screw. At the start of the reliability test (Table 2.13-I) themounting bracket screws which were in the launchers as initially re-ceived were replaced with longer screws by the Code AA representative. Thisdid not eliminate the problem. None of the screws broke but the bendingand deformation hindered the removal and attachment of the launcher tothe rifle, and undoubtedly aggravated the breaking and chipping of barrelinsulators, as the bending and deformation of the mounting screwsloosened the mounting bracket.

99

The firing of the DBCATA launchers while held loosely in thehands and at various 'attitude positions as described in the methodsparagraph was accomplished during the last 200-round cycle of thereliability test (Table 2.13-Il). No problems or malfunctionsoccurred which were attributatle to the various hand-held positions.

Broken or unserviceable parts were experienced with all threelauncher types during the reliability test. The pump launcher experiencedbroken and chipped barrel bracket insulators, the safety could not beactuated on one launcher due to use, the handgrip on one launcher hadto be reglued, and the replacement of extractor springs was required.The pivot launchers demonstrated excessive wear on the sides of thebarrel-lock slot which caused failures to fire. Also, the flexible leafspring in the primary sight developed cracks around the retaining rivetwhich allowed the spring to lose tension.

The DBCATA launcher was modified with the addition of afiring-pin-stop in an attempt to correct the failure-to-sear malfunctionand then an inadvertent fire occurred which was directly associated

with the modification. Consequently, a stronger primary sear spring wasinstalled. Also, the positioning-stud on one launcher sight shearedand as with the pump launchers the barrel-bracket insulators broke andchipped.

The velocity performance data recorded with the pump and pivotlaunchers during the reliability test showed no degradation from thefiring of over 1000 rounds. The bore measurements before and aftertest for the reliability-test launchers are contained in Appendix I.

The group dispersion data presented in Table 2.13-VII showthat dispersion performance of the launchers was not degraded by theextended firings of the reliability test. The shifts in center-of-impact between groups fired at different stages during the reliabilitytest were attributed to inadequacies of the sights on all threesystems. The sights on the pump and DDCATA continually came looseduring test and the sight on the DBCATA launcher shifted in rangesetting with the recoil of the launcher. The sight on the pivotlauncher shifted in range setting and also the leaf spring which holdsthe front sight post lost tension, with the result that the frontsight would fail to return to position after a round was fired.

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The shift in center-of -impact of the groups firei with the M16A1rifles (Table 2.13-ViII) were statistically analyzed. The results aregiven in Table 2.13-X.

Table 2.13-VIII (U). Rifle Accuracy Data Obtained During theReliability Test-of the Launcher (100 Meters) (U)

Center of Impact LocationaAfter

Weapon Before Test' After 500 Rds 1000 RdsIdentification tor Vert Vor Vert Hor Vert

Cartridge: 5.56-mm, ball, M193, lot TW-18249.

Pump 14 -0.5 +3.2 -3.2 +0.8 -0.5 +1.9Pump 15 -0.2 +2.3 -1.1 +0.1 -1.3 -0.2Pump 16 -1.8 +0.8 -1.3 -1.0 -2.4 -1.9Pivot 02 +0.2 +5.1 +1.2 +0.2 +0.8 +0.3Pivot 03 +0.2 +3.2 -0.7 +1.9 -1.0 +3.8Pivot 08 -0.2 +2.8 +0.1 -4.3 +2.1 -3.6DBCATA 14 -0.2 +2.7 +3.1 +0.2 +1.5 -I.5DBCATA 15 -0.1 +6.1 +4.1 +1.4 +0.3 +1.9DBCATA 16 0.0 +4.2 -2.4 +0.4 -2.2 +0.7

aThe center-of-impact locations are an average of three 10-roundgroups and are in inches rtlative to the aiming point.

Table 2.13-IX (U). Statistical Analysis of Group Center-of-Impact Shifts with the M16A1 Rifle (U)

Legend: S - Statistically significant differences (95% confidence).NS - Statistically nonsignificant difference.

RifleSerial Attached Rounds Fired

No. Launcher 0 to 500 500 to 1000

805412 Pump 14 S NS.803820 Pump 15 s NS807688 Pump 16 NS NS812573 PMot 02 S NS722159 Pivot 03 NS NS812895 Pivot 08 S S808430 DBCATA 14 S NS808191 DBCATA 15 S S809325 DBCATA 16 S NS

103

CONFIDENTIAL2.13.5 Analysis (U)

(C) None of the launchers met the requirements of the technicalcharacteristics that the launcher be capable of firing at least 1000rounds without incurring broken or unserviceable parts.

(U) Other than the rifle failures to fire and failures-to-remain seared, which were induced due to launcher recoil, the functionperformance of the M16A1 rifle (Table 2.13-X) was not degraded withthe attachment of the launcher. However, the significance of theinduced malfunctions must not be under rated. The failures to fire weredue to the bolt group in the M16AI rifle moving rearward with thefiring of the attached launcher and sometimes failing to return to thelocked position. Since the rifle will not fire when this occurs, with-out remedial action, the rifle must be considered rendered temporarilyinoperative by the action of firing the launcher. Obviously, this isundesirable and must be assessed from the viewpoint as to whethertraining of the user can accommodate this condition or is a mechanicalsolution required. From the engineering viewpoint this was classifiedas a shortcoming to the system.

Table 2.13-X (U). M16AI Rifle Function Data Obtained Duringthe Launcher Reliability Test (U)a

Rifle No.Serial Attached Rds Mal-

No. Launcher Fired functions Remarks

Ammunition: Cartridge, 5.56-mm, M196, lot TW18249.

805412 Pump 14 1900 0803820 Pump 15 1900 0807688 Pump 16 1900 0

S812573 Pivot 02 1960 0722159 Pivot 03 1980 2-FJ The hammer pin moved out

3-FTR of position two times.2-F2R The first time 3-FTR oc-

curred, and approximately600 rounds later on thesecond occassion two in-cidents of firing 2 roundsoccurred,'

104

CONFIDENTIAL

Table 2.13-X (Cont'd)

Rifle No.Serial Attached Rds Mal_

No. Launcher Fired functions Remarks

812895 Pivot 08 1980 0808430 DBCATA 14 2040 1-FBR808191 DBCATA 15 2040 2-FBR809325 DBCATA 16 2040 1-BOB

l-FF The nose of the last roundfrom the magazine stubbedon the rear of the barrelextension.

aThis table does not contain the failure-to-fire and failure-to-remain-

seared malfunctions which were induced due to the firing'of thelauncher. These types of malfunctions are recorded in the tables withlauncher performance data.

(U) The occurrence of failures of the rifle to remain seared,which also occurred with the recoil of the attached launcher and required

,recharging of the rifle, must be classified as a safety hazard. Normally,the rifle does not fire since the bolt-carrier group is moved rearwardwith the recoil; however, in two instances inadvertent firing of therifle with the firing of an attached launcher did occur (paragraph 2.6).On this basis, the failure to remain seared of the rifle with launcherrecoil must be classified as a deficiency.

(U) The change in group location which occurred with the M16AIrifle between the data obtained before test and after S00-rounds hadbeen fired from the attached launchers and that between the 500-roundstage and the 1000-round stage indicated that the use of the attachedlauncher was detrimental to the accuracy of the M16AI rifle. Thechange in group location between the before-test and the S00-roundstage with all rifles irrespective of launcher attached, was in adownward direction and the changes in group location between the 500-round stage and the 1000-round stage was a random shift. The shiftwith 7 of the 9 rifles was significant between the before-tes' andthe 500-round stage and was significant with 2 of the 9 riflesbetween the 500-round stage and the 1000-round stage (reference Table2.13-IX).

(U) At this time it should be noted that similar shifts in grouplocation occurred with the firing of an M16AI rifle without a launcherattached in the barrel-durability test (paragraph 2.14). In this test,an M16AI rifle was fired in cycles of 100, 200, and 300 rounds withaccuracy firing between cycles. The shift in group location (Table 2.14-II) was just as large with the M16A1 rifle in this test as that whichoccurred with rifles during the launcher reliability test.

10I

2.14 () RIFLE BARREL DURABILITY TEST

2.14.1 Objective

The objective is to determine if permanent bending of the M16A1rifle barrel would result with the firing of an attached grenadelauncher with the rifle barrel hot from firing. This subtest wasconducted upon request of the Project Managers, AMCPM-RS (Reference 4).

2.14.2 Criteria

The firing of an attached grenade launcher shall not causebending of the rifle barrel such that permanent deformation is induced.

2.14.3 Method

One launcher of each type was attached to an M16A1 rifle andtested as follows:

a. The barrels on the rifles were gaged for straightness.

b. The rifles were zeroed at a range of 100 meters by anexpert rifleman and five 10-round groups were fired witheach rifle.

c. Each rifle then was fired 100 rounds in the automaticmode as rapidly as possible. The firing was accomplishedfrom a shoulder-held position and the firing time wasrecorded. Immediately upon completion of firing therifle, the attached launcher was fired 10 rounds from ashoulder-held position. The rifle was then allowed tocool and three 10-round groups were fired at 100 metersusing the same rifleman as employed in paragraph b.

d. The procedures of paragraph c were repeated twice firingincrements of 200 and 300 rounds from the rifle.

For control purposes an M16A1 rifle without a launcher attachedwas fired employing the same methods and firing cycles as with alauncher attached.

106

2.14.4 Results

A shift in center of impact resulted with all weapons fromcycle to cycle. However, gaging of the rifle barrels for straightnessafter the exercise disclosed that no permanent bending had resultedfrom the rapid firing of the rifles or firing of the attached launcherswith the rifle barr.el hot. The recorded firing times for the incre-ments of 100, 200, and 300 rounds are given in Table 2.14-I. Thelocation of the centers-of-impact of the 100-meter accuracy groupsfired prior to the test and after each successive cycle are given inTable 2.14-11.

Table 2.14-1 (U). Recorded Firing Time, seconds (U)

No. of Weaponlds M16 M16 M19

Fired ,Pump Pivot DBCATA M16

100 20 21 21 19200 47 43 49 a 5 8300 68 62 74 62

aThe occurrence of a stoppage lengthened the firing-time.

Table 2.14-I1 (U). Center-of-Impact Data (U)

Center ofImpact Location

Aiming Point, in.

Test Cycle Hor Vert

Weapon: M16AI rifle with pump launcher attached.

Before test 0.0 +4.0After 100 rounds *1.2 -1.6

After 200 rounds -0.9 -2.8After 300 rounds +1.8 +4.9

Weapon: M16A1 rifle with pivot launcher attached.

Before test +1.5 +2.3After 100 rounds +2.6 +3.2After 200 rounds +1.3 +6.9After 300 rounds +0.8 .8.4

107

"CONFIDENTIAL

Table 2.14-11 (Cont'd)

Center ofImpact Location

Aiming Poin~tt in,

Test Cycle 1_ V er.•

Weapon: M16AI rifle with DBCATA launcher attached.

Before test +1.7 +4.7After 100 rounds .1.0 #0.7After 200 rounds .1.7 -3.7After 300 rounds .4.6 -3.1

Weapon: M16Al rifle without launcher.

Before test l.S +3.3After 100 rounds -1.8 -2.7After 200 rounds -0.9 +3.0After 300 rounds *1.1 -3.1

2.14.S Analysis

Comparison of accuracy performance of the rifle with andwithout, a launcher attached, and barrel-straightness gagings beforeand after test, demonstrated that no permanent deformation of therifle barrel occurs with firing of the launcher when the riflebarrel is hot.

2.15 RUGGEDNESS TEST (U)

2.15.1 (U) Objective

The objective is to determine the ability of the testlaunchers and sights to withstand being dropped on hard-packed earth.

2.1S.2 (C) Criteria (U)

Criteria are as follow:

a. The sighting system for the launcher, when attached to theweapon - launcher combination, shall withstand the impactof dropping the weapon butt-downmard from a height ofthree feet on hard-packed earth. The sights and mountingsshall rem-in in serviceable condition after three suchdrops, so that the range and deflection obtained infiring correspond correctly to the respective range anddeflection settings which are applied to the sight.

101

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIALb. The unloaded launcher, when attached to the point-fire

weapon, shall withstand dropping on hard-packed earthfrom a height of three feet, so that the weapon - launchercombination impacts muzzle downward, or butt downward, oron either side, or on the top or bottom. After one dropin each of these six positions, the launcher shall becapable of being safely fired.

2.15.3 (U) Method

One pump and one pivot launcher were assembled to M16Al riflesand dropped butt downward from a three-foot height on hard-packedearth, Prior to being dropped each launcher sight was adjusted tothe 100-meter range and a 10-round group fired. After the final drop,the range setting was checked and reset if necessary and a second10-round group was fired. The DBCATA launcher was not subjected tothis phase of the ruggedness test as the design of the sight and themeans of attachment was the same as that for the pump launcher.

The same two weapons and a DBCATA mounted on an Ml6AI rifle weredropped on hard-packed earth from a height of three feet, to impactmuzzle downward, butt downward, on either side, on the top, and onthe bottom. After each of the drops (six total), the launchers werefired three rounds.

2.15.4 (U) Results

The sights and mountings withstood the impact of dropping theweapon butt-downward and no change in group center-of-impact resultedbetween the before- and after-test firings at 100 meters. However,the sight on the pivot launcher did shift in range setting and hadto be reset prior to accuracy firing.

In the second phase of the ruggedness test, all of the launcherswere capable of being safely fired after each of the drops. Thesights on both the pump and DBCATA became bent and damaged to theextent of being unserviceable when the weapon was dropped on the leftside. The primary sight on the pivot launcher changed range setting,but was still serviceable.

2.1s.S (C) Analysis

The sight system and mountings of all launchers met therequirements of the technical characteristics with respect to with-standing the impact incident with dropping of the weapon butt-downwardfrom a 3-foot height onto hard-packed earth. Only the sight on thepivot launcher withstood being dropped in an orientation that permittedthe sight to strike the gouund.

109

CONFIDENTIAL

2.16 (U) SOLVENTS AND LUBRICANTS COMPABIBILITY

2.16.1 objective

The objective was to determine the chemical compatibility ofthe test launchers with various chemical compounds used as cleaners,lubricants, and insecticides.

2.16.2 Criteria

The durability and functional operation of the test launchersmust not be degraded by reaction ef the design material, to variouschemicals.

2.16.3 Method

All launchers to be tested were cleaned and no lubricant wasapplied. One launcher of each model was then imersed into one ofthe chemicals listed below for a 10-minute period on each of four daysand stored at ambient temperature. Inspection of each launcher,particularly components made of rubber, plastic, or synthetic materials,were wade prior toi each day's immersion. The following chemicals wereused:

a. Bore cleaner (MIL-L-372-B).

b. W-L-800 lubricant.

c. Gasoline,

d. Kersoene.

e. Diesel fuel.

f. JP-4 jet fuel.

g. Insect repellent (FSN 6840-5S8-0918).

h. MIL-L-!4107 lubricant.

Note: PS-661-B cleaning solvent and MIL-L-46000A lubricant were notincluded inasmuch as the launchers were subjected to these chemicalsthroughout the test.

110

2.16.4 Results

With the exception of insect repellent, none of the chemicalshad any detrimental effects on the launchers. The insect repellent dis-solved the compound used to glue the handgrip on the barrel of the pumplauncher. At the end of the test the handguard was not loose, but thecompound had seeped from both ends; therefore, it would only be amatter of time until the handguard came loose.

To further assure that insect repellent would dissolve thecompound used on the pump launchers, an area approximately tw inchesin diameter on a piece of steel was covered with the compound andallowed to set up. Insect repellent was then applied with the resultthat the compound was l iquified in approxinately 30 minutes.

2.16.5 'Analysis

The detrimental effects of the insect repellent on the compoundused withthe handgrip on the pump launcher was classified as a short-coming of the weapon.

111

SECTION3 (U) APPENDICES

APPENDIX I - TEST DATA

Table I-I (U). Firing Pin Measurements for thePump Launchersa (U)

Tip Body Distance From ForwardLauncher Weight, Radius, Diameter, Shoulder to Tip,

No. grains in. in. in.

8 314 0.076 0.4915 0.37269 313 .076 .4913 .3722

10 313 .074 .4911 .372411 315 .074 .4909 .374212 315 .078 ,4915 .372713 313 .076 .4912 .371714 313 .080 .4911 .370715 312 .076 .4912 .376016 313 .076 .4913 .375417 314 .080 .4911 .371218 314 .078 .4909 .373020 312 .078 .4911 .3736

aThe firing pin is shown in Figure 2.2-1, Part No. 30.

Table I-II (U). Firing Pin Measurements for thePivot Launchera (U)

Tip BodyLauncher Weight, Radius, Diameter,

No. grains in. in.

02 34 0.046 0.093203 33 .046 .093004 33 .046 .092905 33 .044 .093306 33 .044 .093007 33 o044 .093508 33 .046 .093509 33 .046 .093710 32 .044 .090011 33 .044 .094012 33 .042 .088513 32 .042 .0883

aThe firing pin is shown in Figure 2.2-2, Part 21.

I-I

Vert __ __ ____Vrt__o

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1 _ _ 7.300.5 8

'..4

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STEAP.DS~turn 7Ju30 (alib * -

_______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______

Total m~thof tue - 2,C)Q lan s -I

77 - Orcnndc Launcher

Muzzle Laa

*pc 1.471 7 .. .. 1n_

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Orcnadc Launchar

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IN

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140

Ae.PT~-Pv IM________P~t- -1

-Grenadra Tmimcher

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14

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Grenatic Tauincher

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_______ 2.00 L 2

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94,

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O -_____ ______Gagted by _ _ _

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Mod

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Grenade Taigicher

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asa

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Grenade Tawninher

Muzzle I~ -17I. 7 Proov.

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APPEDIX I1 CORESPO/4DENCZ

PROCUffMENTIW0#IK DINECTIW

Abrem Wv ng dwe, Md. 2100 * 19 MCS,-1I or1 'C80ATM.. =M ao,* ' Project Kwag, Rifles A165 2/"* FU"N Project Manager, Rifles, Us.•co ..... er... . """-

SRock a. !: .11; o 61201

- _ .- 7-1: -- .. 5

542.12 24W1.47 2112040 766-451 P5542 S1119

8099 El" code 6A,.27.03.1,UANMTATIV9 ANO CHNA1G DATA

.5- $A1.5m00

NOWe

CS ,flIOC w,•.,o-,,- * ~..c. tI, ,, Y,,t,, . W, Elztion date: 8366

Program authority is isseid to support Ennerlflg Design Tests of the MLAD lopgam.

These teats will begin 1 MVy 1968 and last approximately 3 anthe.,

Tests will be conducted on three different types of lanchers (I•T Pump, Aerop'mtroicePivot, and DDCATA). Twt., launchers of each type will be flrni•hed. Tests vill beoaoucted In accordance with the test plan submitted by yaw agency.

Reference, AMCW-S letter, dated 19 Feb 68.Subject: FImdlng and time estimates for Et

of Grenade •amncher Attachments forN16AI14 RiM

The above item and conditions ansatiefactory and ame accepted as acoat reimbursable project order adwill be performd as ordered haein.

Accepting Officer DAISSEAýa: 0 0-D :.i I: :IQ 0 a~= 0 a

.. 0 9m " I Q ... . IQ -1. " I -*

*-, • •. . . ., - C. - .. ,

a . a 0 t D. Iaa.

a iz0 a 0 I'm D 1 0 I D -"

o a a 0 , B C B i B I IW M& C C B e1

COPY/do DEPARTMENT OF MLE ARMYIUADQUARTERS, U. S. ARMY TEST AND EVALUATION COMIAND 5-6 May 68

ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND, MARYLAND 21005

AMSTE-BC 2 MAY 1968

SUBJECT: ?!16AI Rifle Test Program

Commanding OfficerAberdeen Proving GroundATTN: STEAP-DS

1. References:

a. Letter, STA-DS-TI, 27 Dec 67, subj: Draft Plan for EngineerDesign Test of 40mm Grenace Launcher Attachment for Rifles, UiATECM!Project No. 8-8-0240-09.

b. Message, MMCPM-RS 890, dated 10190Z Jan 68, subJ: FundingEstimate for EDT of Grenade Launcher Attachments.

c. Letter, STEAP-DS-TI, 30 Jan 68, with 1st Ind, AfCPM-RD, 20 Feb 68and 2nd Ind, STEAP-DS-TI, 19 Mar 68, subj: Funding and Time Estimatesfor Engineer Design Test of Grenade Launcher Attachments for Ml6Al Rifle.

d. Letter, ANSTE-BC, 9 Apr 68, with 1st Ind, AMCPM-RD, 23 Apr 68,subj: 116A1 Rifle Test Programs, inclosed.

2. The GLAD test materiel is scheduled to arrive at your installationby 1 Mtay 1968. This test program carries a SEA 02 priority and is ofequal importance with other established M16AI Rifle programs. It isstrongly recommended that the capability to support GLAD be reassessedby your command and every effort made to comply with the 1 Aug 68 com-pletion date. Submission of safety release recommendation to thisheadquarters is required NLT 7 May 68.

3. In accordance with the request of the indorsement to reference ld,inclosed, CO, APG will plan for and schedule subject tests such thatmaximum use of manpower and facilities is realized. DBCATA should beincluded in such scheduling.

11-2

COPY/do

A1STE-BC 12 MAY 1968SUBJECT: H16AI Rifle Test Programs

4. If not previously reported in TSMS, submit to this headquartersby 6 May 68 test initiation and completion dates for all assignedM16A1 test programs to include related programs.

S. Additionally, in order to improve responsiveness to subject programs,your comment regarding the feasibility and/or desirability of obtainingcontract support by this command is requested.

FOR TWE CIt•ANDER:

1 Incl w/d /t/ LeROY S. STANLEYAIMCM-RD, 1st Ind, Colonel, GS23 Apr 68, subj as Dir, Inf Mat Testabove

Copies furnished:CG USAMC ATTN: ,t4CPM-RD (w/o incl)Pros USAIB ATTN: STEBC-SA (w/incl)

2.

11-3

APPENDIX III - REFERENCES

1. Plan of Test for Engineer Design of 40-MN Grenade Launcher Attach-ments for Rifles, I May 1968, Distributed by AMCPM-RS. ClassifiedConfidential.

2. Technical Characteristics for 404% Grenade Launcher Attachments forRifles as Approved in the Minutes of Formal In-Process Review Meeting,18 October 1967, USAMC. Classified Confidential.

3. Summary Report on Evaluation of Patrol Boat, River (PBR) Armament (U).NOLTR No. 67-15, 25 January 1966, United States Naval OrdnanceLaboratory, White Oak, Marylaxd. Classified Confidential.

4. Minutes of Pro-In-Process-Review Meeting Hold at AMC Headquarters,8 July 1968.

"II-I

1F

AD Accession No.materiel Test Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Gro , Maryland (Formerly Ueslosad Proof Services)Final Report on USATECOM Project No. 8-6-0240-09, Engineer Design Test of 4040IGrenade Launcher Attachments for M16AI Rifle (GLAD) (U), October 1968RDTrE Project No. IXS42703D34S, Report No. DPS-2929Authors! Eric Keels end George HendricksSecondary distribution is controlled by US Army Weapons Command, ATTN: AMCP1-RS.160 peps. 16 illustrations

Classified Report

This test was conducted primarily to evaluate the characteristics of two prototype40-rn grenade-launcher attachments for the M16/NI6AI rifle and to determine whichwas the better design for continued development. One launcher attachment was apump-action design and the other was a pivot-action design. Additionally, asa portion of a continuing phase of the special-purpose individual weapon (SPIN)program, the 40-rm disposable barrel cartridge area target nmmuition (DICATA)concept was tested concurrently. It was recomnended that, of. the three launcherdesigns tested, the design of the pump launcher be considered to offer the morefeasible approach toward development of a suitable grenade launcher. It wasalso recomnended that additional R and D efforts to improve the design of theDICATA launcher be undertaken, if the system is to be further considered.

AD Accession No..ateriel Test Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Gand Proof Services)Final Report on USATECOM Project No. 8-8-0240-09, Engineer Design Test of 40-14Grenade Launcher Attachments for M16AI Rifle (GLAD) (U), October 1968RTE Project No. IX542703D34S, Report No. DPS-2929Authors Eric Keel* and George HendricksSecondary distribution is controlled by US Army Weapons Comand. ATfN: AMCP4-RS.160 pages, 16 illustrations

Classified Report

This test was conducted primarily to evaluate the characteristics of two prototype40-rn grenade-launcher attachments for the MI6/MI6Al rifle and to determine whichwas the better design for continued development. One launcher attachment was apmlp-ation design and the other was a pivot-action design, Additionally, asa portion of a continuing phase of the special-purpose individual weapon (SPIN)program, the 40-ma disposable barrel cartridge area target mmunition (DOCATA)concept was tested concurrently. It was recommended that, of the three launcherdesigns tested, the design of the pump launcher be considered to offer the morefeasible approach toward devolopment of a suitable grenade launcher. It wasalso reorneonded that additional R and D efforts to improve the design of theDOCATA launcher be undertaken, if the system is to be further considered.

UnclassifiedSecurity Clasification

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R&D(Saaarfty .aaelfteagiga of tfig.. bhoo41 abatmet aid ind..M a annotation meust be enterd when the overall report I c haaiftd)

I. ORIGINATING ACTIVITY (Corporate authoe) 2a. REPORT SECURITY C L.ASSIFICATION

Materiel Test Directorate (D6PS)Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005 4b GROUP

3. REPORT TITLE

ENGINEER DESIGN TEST OF 40-1MM GRENADE LAUNCHER ATTACHMENTS FORM16AI RIFLE (GLAD) (U)

4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of report and incluasive date*)

Final Renort May to August 1968S. AUTHOR(S) (Last name. flst name,. initial)

Keele, EricHendricks, George

4. REPORT CATE 7a. TOTAL NO. OF PAGES 7b. NO. o REmpS

October 1968 160 4Go. CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 90. ORIGINATOR'$ REPORT NNUUICR(S)

Not applicable6, PROJECT No. DPS-2929

USATECOM Project No. 8-8-0240-090. lb. OTHER REPORT NO(S) (Any othema~nomh., Ifatiny be sesad*..d

d.

10. AVAILARILITY/LIMITATION NOTICES

In addition to security requirements which apply to this document and must be met,it may be further distributed by the holder only with specific prior approval ofCommandine General. US Army Weapons Command. ATTN: ANCPM-RS,

II. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY

None USAWECOM

II. ANSTRACT

This test was conducted primarily to evaluate the characteristics of two prototype40-mm grenade-launcher attachments for the M16/M16Al rifle and to determine whichwas the better design for continued development. One launcher attachment was apump-action design and the other was a pivot-action design. Additionally, as aprotion of a continuing phase of the special-purpose individual weapon (SPIW) pro-gram, the 40-mr disposable barrel cartridge area target ammunition (DBCATA)concept was test concurrently. The testing consisted of velocity, accuracy,reliability, adverse conditions, reggedness, and lubricants compatibility tests.Testing began in May and was completed in August 1968. It was found that, on anover-all test basis, the functioning performance of the pump launcher was superiorto that of the pivot and DBCATA launchers. Additionally, it was found that thetest launchers, irrespective of type, were detrimental to the functioningperformance of the rifle to which attached. The firing of the launcher caused theoperating parts of the rifle to recoil out of position, resulting in riflefailures to fire and failures of the hammer to remain seated. On two occasions,the latter condition caused inadvertent firing of the rifle when an attached pivotlauncher was fired. It was recommended that, of the three launcher designs testedthe design of the pump launch be considered to offer the more feasible approachtoward development of a suitable grenade launcher. It was also recommended thatadditional R and D efforts to improve the design of the DBCATA launcher be under-taken, if the system is to be further considered.

DD 1 JAN, . 1473 UnclassifiedSocudty Classification

€I

Ulhw]"ngt4fiaA&

Security Classification14. KEY WOS LINK A LINK 5.k LINK C

MOLS WY nROZ wY ROLE WT

M16AI rifle -

Grenade attachment, 40-maDisposable barrelPump-action attachmentPivot-action attachmentFiring testEnvironmental test

INSTRICTIONSr1. ORIGINATING ACTIVITY: Enter the name and address ' 10. AVAILABILITY/LIMITATION NOTICES: Enter any lm-of the contractor, subcontractor, grantee, Department of.pe- itations on further dissemination of the report. other than thosefense activity or other organization (corporate author) Issuing imposed by security classification, using standard statementsthe report. such as:2&. REPORT SECURTY CLASSIFICATION. Enter the over- (1) "Qualified requests may obtain copies of thisall security classification of the report. Indicate whether report from DDC.n"Restricted Data" is included. Marking is to be in accord- reigr anou e d m i tance with appropriate security regulations. (2) 401roreign announcement and dissooduotinn of this

2b. GROUP: Automatic downgrading is specified in DOD Dl- r by DDC is Out authoried"

rective#j200. 10 and Armed Forces Industrial Manual Enter (3) "U. S. Government agencies may obtain copies ofthe group number. -Also, when applicable, show that optional this report directly from DDC. Other qufifled DDCmarkings have been used for Group 3 and Group 4 as authar- users shall request'through;I t d. .••, ,.

3. REPORT TITLE: Enter the complete report title in all (4) 1"U. S. military agencies my obtain copies of thiscapital letters. Titles in all cases should be unclassified, report directly from DDC. Other qualified usersIt a meaningful title cannot be selected without classifica- shall request throughtion, show title classification in all capitals in parenthesis ,simmediately following the title. __ _ _ _

4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES: If appropriate. oner the type of (5) "All distribution of this srp is cawrolld,. Qual-report. *.g.. interim, progress, summary, annual, or final. ified DDC users shall request throobhGive the Inclusive dates when a specific reporting period Is" - .covered.. I the report has boen furnished to the Offlee of Technical5. AUTHOR(S): Enter the name(*) of author(s) as shown on Services, Deportment of Cominerce for sal. to the public, .ndi-or in the report. Enter laIt name, first name, middle initiaL cote this fact and enter the price, If known.If military, skew rank OWd branch of service. The name ofthe principal author is an absolute minimum requirement. IL 5UTIPPLýEkIf't Y NOTES Use for [email protected]

6. REPORT DATE: Enter the date of the report as day-, t otmonth, year, or month, yeen If more than on. date appears IX SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITT" •Ester thq smue ofon the report. e date of publication. ..tba dopprtmental project office or laboratory osouring (par"

TRt In for) the re*earch and development. Include addr"e17&. TOTAL. NUMBER WF PAGEMS The total pace count

shiuld follow normal pagination procedures, i.e., enter thei 13. ABSTRACT: Enter an abstract giving a brief sad factualnumber of pages containing infdrmation. * 'summaryi of the document indicative of the repin, even though

.E E It may also appear elsewhere in the body of the technical re-rb. N ER OF nFceENCES: Enter ths total numberi of port. If additional space is required, a continuation sheetreferences cited in the report. : shell.be-attached.So. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER. If UppUopeaits enter Jt is highly desirable that the abstract ofplassifled re-the applicable number of the contract or prant under which ports be unclassified. Each paragraph of the abstract shallthe report was Written. " end with an indication of the military security classificationSb. Se. & 8d. PROJECT NUMBER: Enter the appropriate of the information in the paragraph, ropresented as (TS), (S),military department identification, such as project number, (C), or (IV).aubproject number, system numloers task number,. etc. *There is no limitation on the length of the abstract. How-9a. ORIGINATOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S): Eiter the offl- e;er. k'he suggested Teonth is from 150 to 229 Words.cia4 rport stmdber by whicht the document *ill be identifid 14. KEY SO)DS: Key wo6ds aretechnically meaaingfUl termsand contraolledby the originating activity. Thi, number must. or short phrases that chs•rcteriz* a report and may be used asbe unique to this report, index entries for cktalowing the report. Key words must be

9b. OTHER REPORT NUMBER(S): If the report has bee selected so that do security classification is required. Iden-"assigned any other riport uimbet (either biP the o r fiera.,Auch as equipmeat model designation. •-a-de •-ae. "ilt-or by the sponsor). also enter this number(s). t51y project 6ode name, *geographIc Iofation,'may be used as

heYaV*ft but will be followeblv'bd indicdtion of technicalcontest. The assignment of links, roles, and weights is

optional.

UnclassifiedSecurity Classification


FINAL REPORT ON ENGINEER DESIGN TEST

OF 40-MM GRENADE LAUNCHER ATTACH14ENTS

FOR M416AI RIFLE (GLAD) (U)

Report No. DPS-2929

CODE SHEET

Code AA Test items manufactured by AAI Inc., Cockeysville.,Maryland.

Code AN = Test items manufactured by Aeronutronics Divisionof Philco Ford Corporation, 1630 S. State CollegeBlvd, Anaheim, California 92805.

(This code sheet is to be removed from this report whenloaned or otherwise distributed outside the Departmentof Defense.)

U

SUPPLEMENTARY

INFORMATION

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY -- !

U.S. ARMY ARMAMENT RESEARC4H. OEVELOPMENT ANO ENGINEERING CENTERROCK ISLANO. ILLINOIS 61299-7300

REP•Y. TOArTCTO OF

SMCAR-ESW (70-1p) ER T .0SP19MEMORANDUM FOR Defense Technical Information Center, Attn: DTIC-FDRB, Cameron

Station, Alexandria, VA 22304-6145

SUBJECT: Distribution of Technical Reports

1. Unlimited distribution of the following three reports is authorized:

a. Engineer Design Test of 40-mm Grenade Launcher Attachments for M16AIRifle (GLAD) AD #393211L, Report *DPS-2929 (encl 1).

b. Product Improvement Test of Modified Leaf Sight for M203 GrenadeLauncher (eno] 2).

c. Prod vement Test of Quadrant Sight for the M203 GrenadeLauncher Ui I vn t

2. Point of contact is Ron Elbe, SMCAR-ESW-S, DSN 793-6461.

S3 Encls ERRATA, D. KOTECIas ýq /U' chief, cmbt spt a Sm Cal Wpn Sys Div

f CF:cdr, AMCCOM, ATTN: SMCRI-SEM-T (w/encls)

UNCLASSIFIEDENGINEER DESIGN TEST OF 40-94 GRENADE LAUNCHER ATTACHMENTS FOR M16A1 RIFLE (GLAD) (U)...

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