UNCLASSIFIED COLD REGIONS SCIENCE AND E (CRSE) AT CRREL ...

US Army Corps of Engineers • Engineer Research and Development Center

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Martin Jeffries & Jason WealeOffice of the Technical Directors

COLD REGIONS SCIENCE ANDENGINEERING (CRSE) AT CRREL: OPPORTUNITY AND ADVANTAGE

-- Ron Liston Seminar, 19 June 2019 --


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Outline• The United States is an Arctic Stateo Defining the Arctico NSPD-66/HSPD-25

• A Little CRREL History: The Alaska-Canada Highway• Arctic Environmental Change (Arctic Operating Environment Change)• Arctic Change and the Rest of the World• The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL

o DoD Arctic Strategy, 6 June 2019o CRREL: Diverse Disciplines, Talent & Facilities

• Cold Regions Science and Engineering (CRSE) at CRRELo CRREL: It’s Not Academia (another advantage)o CRSE Core Business Domainso The R&D Process

• CRSE: The Path Forwardo OTD CRSE Actionso Technical Staff Actions

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The United States is an Arctic State - 1

Defining the Arctic• The Legislated Arctic

o Arctic Research and Policy Act (1984)

• The Arctic Circle• Temperature

o July Mean T<10°C

• Arctic Treeline• Arctic Watershed Alaska

(U.S.A.)

ArcticOcean

Canada

Iceland

Greenland

Prudhoe Bay

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• U.S. Arctic Research Commission• Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee


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The United States is an Arctic State - 2NSPD-66/HSPD-25DATE: 9 January 2009SUBJECT: Arctic Region Policy

II. BACKGROUNDA. The United States is an Arctic nation, with varied and compelling interests in that region.

III. POLICYA. It is the policy of the United States to:1. Meet national security and homeland security needs relevant to the Arctic region;2. Protect the Arctic environment and conserve its biological resources;3. Ensure that natural resource management and economic development in the region are

environmentally sustainable;4. Strengthen institutions for cooperation among the eight Arctic nations (the Arctic Council);5. Involve the Arctic's indigenous communities in decisions that affect them; and6. Enhance scientific monitoring and research into local, regional, and global environmental issues.

The full text (10 pages) is available at: https://www.nsf.gov/geo/opp/opp_advisory/briefings/may2009/nspd66_hspd25.pdf

IARPC: Interagency Arctic Research Policy CommitteePrinciples for Conducting Research in the Arctic (2018)


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A Little History: The Alaska-Canada (ALCAN) Highway

Construction: March-October 1942

8 months1,700 miles

2,700 km


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The Changing Arctic: A Quick PrimerSeptember 19807.8 million km2

(Australia)

Canada

Alaska(USA) Russia

September 20123.6 million km2

Minimum Sea Ice Extent

∆ = -4.2 million km2, -54% (17 x UK)

Look beyond the sea ice and you see change occurring throughout the Arctic System.

• Change is occurring in the atmosphere, on land and in the ocean.

• The changes are physical and biological, and socio-economic and geopolitical.

• Arctic Change has homeland and national security implications, and global consequences.

• Arctic Report Card 2018https://arctic.noaa.gov/Report-Card/Report-Card-2018

• State of the Climate in 2017 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/bams


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Environmental Change in the Arctic

Sea Ice Extent1980-2018

End of winterEnd of summer


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Wave Height

Wave Period

Wind Speed

Beaufort & Chukchi Seas

Environmental Change in the Arctic

Kivalina & Shishmaref, Alaska

• Air temperatures are increasing.• Permafrost is warming and thawing.• As summer sea ice extent decreases, the age

(thickness) of the ice is decreasing.• Sea surface temperatures (SST) are increasing.• Ocean fetch and wave heights are increasing.• Coastal erosion rates are increasing.• Coastal villages and communities are threatened.

- In 2009, the GAO reported that 31 Alaska villages were under imminent threat from flooding and erosion, and 12 had decided to relocate.


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Arctic Environmental Change & The Rest of the World

Greenland Ice Sheet & Sea Level Rise

Extent of melting at the ice surface, July 2012

Weighing the ice sheet: GRACE

Polar Vortex/Jet Stream

National MallWashington, DCFebruary 2010

Potomac RiverWashington, DC

January 2014


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DoD Arctic Strategy

The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL - 1• “Eroding competitive edge against China and Russia ….”• Maintain a credible deterrent through 3-pronged approach to support

the desired end-state of a secure and stable Arctic:o Build Arctic awarenesso Enhance Arctic operationso Strengthen the rules-based order

• “The United States is an Arctic nation.”• “The Arctic’s physical environment continues to change …..”

o Air temperature; Snow cover; Sea ice; Ice sheets; Permafrost; Coastal erosion (Infrastructure)

• “Understanding and predicting the physical environment is critical for meeting mission demands and for ensuring safety of personnel and equipment.”

• “DoD will prioritize modernization of infrastructure supporting enhanced domain awareness.”

• “Equipment testing must also be conducted in realistic Arctic conditions for sufficient periods of time.”


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DoD Arctic Strategy

The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL - 2Annex A: Service Roles and Mission in the Arctic - Army. The U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers Engineering (USACE) Research and Development

Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (ERDC-CRREL)

works to enhance Arctic domain awareness by examining the effects of a

changing climate; and by monitoring Arctic effects on the operational

environment, including sensor performance and signal propagation. The

USACE ERDC-CRREL addresses effects on infrastructure and operations

resulting from exposure to extreme environmental and dynamic climactic

conditions. USACE ERDC-CRREL is pursuing technology to detect

permafrost conditions, providing facilities to simulate Arctic conditions,

as well as systems and materials evaluation and development.


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The Rapidly Changing Arctic: Advantage CRREL - 3

Diverse Disciplines and Talent

Physical Scientists

Biological Scientists

Mathematicians

Statisticians

Electrical Engineers

Mechanical Engineers

Civil Engineers

Theoreticians

Experimentalists

Modellers

Laboratory Researchers

Field Researchers

Diverse Facilities

Geophysics

Ice Engineering

Frost Effects

Low-temperature Materials

Cold RoomsGreenhouse

Permafrost Experiment Station (Fairbanks, AK)

Permafrost TunnelResearch Facility

(Fox, AK)Remote Sensing/

Geographic Information Systems

All under one roof


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CRREL IS DIFFERENT FROM ACADEMIA

High VisibilityMost Unclassified/some Classified

FIRN

FRESH SNOW

High Visibility & Low VisibilityUnclassified & Classified

FIRN/LOCK-IN

FIRN-ICE

Low Visibility, Some Very Low VisibilityMajority Classified/Some Unclassified

Mostly Very Low VisibilityMostly Classified/Little Unclassified

FRESH SNOW

FIRN

CRREL’s Big Advantage


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Core CRSE Business Domains

High VisibilityMost Unclassified/some Classified

FIRNRS/GIS CX –

Civilian, Military, OthersDirect & Reimbursable

FRESH SNOWCore CRSE –

Military & Civilian, Direct & Reimbursable

High Visibility & Low VisibilityUnclassified & Classified

FIRN/LOCK-INDoD Aligned –

Core Military & Some Civil Work

FIRN-ICEIC & Policy –

Drives all other business domain

resourcing

Low Visibility, Some Very Low VisibilityMajority Classified/Some Unclassified

- What we currently do every day- What most of the world sees

and knows about CRREL- Growing

- Civil Works mission is highly visible- Technology R&D is mostly visible- IC and Direct work is less visible- Significant growth potential

- Our mission- Only Federal lab dedicated to CRSE

(we own mission space)- Not highly visible to public- Big growth potential

- Driving forces with biggest impact to our mission- The anchors of our existence- Mostly unseen- Opportunity for CRREL to influence policy and help

steer our own ship- Big growth potential

Mostly Very Low VisibilityMostly Classified/Little Unclassified


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THE R&D PROCESS

$

BasicResearch

TRL 1

AppliedResearch

TRL 2

AdvancedTechnology

DevelopmentTRL 3

$$

$$$

Demonstration &Validation

TRL 4

Engineering &ManufacturingDevelopment

TRL 5

RDT&EManagement

SupportTRL 6

Operational System

DevelopmentTRL 7

DevelopmentalTest &

EvaluationTRL 8

OperationalTest &

EvaluationTRL 9

Basic Research Applied Research Development & Acquisition

Govt. Labs & Academia (Traditional Roles)

Industry (Historical Role)

Another Big CRREL Advantage

6.2-6.36.1-6.26.1 6.2-6.4 6.3-6.5 6.4-6.6 6.7


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CRSE PATH FORWARD: Our Actions

Plan for the Future- Influence Policy & Policy Responses- Understand Geopolitical Climate AND Our Changing Climate- Look beyond 3-5 years- Be the National CRSE Resource

Actions We Are Taking- Provided Comments and Input on DoD’s Response to Congress for Arctic Readiness/Capabilities/Gaps (3X)- Put SME’s/PI’s in Front of the COCOMs, etc.- Develop and Transition Projects/Programs to Division/RSGIS-CX- White Paper Delivered to USNORTHCOM- Strategized with Partner Nations- Input to Branch/Division Strategies- Input to HR for Hiring to fill Gaps- Assist PIs with Proposal Guidance

Near Future Efforts- Visit IC Entities- CBRNE in Cold Environments- North Warning System Recapitalization- Rollout an Arctic Discussion Forum- Continue Input to Strategic Planning- Assess Placing More LNOs (Developmental Opportunities for CRREL Staff – Rotators)- Continue to Identify CRSE Opportunities & Assist PIs in Project/Program Development and Transition

CRSE VisionSupport the Director’s goal: CRSE work will provide the majority of CRREL’s funding for a broad spectrum of activity ranging from basic, curiosity-driven research to transitioning discoveries from the laboratory & field environment to deployed equipment, products, services and solutions for the Army, DoD and the Nation.


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CRSE PATH FORWARD: What Can You Do?

Understand Our Domain- National Strategy, Arctic Strategy, CONPLANs, OPLANs, etc.- NORTHCOM/EUCOM IPLs, STIPLs, etc.- CRREL’s Role in DoD, USACE, ERDC- Think Big &Think Beyond 3 Years

Take Action- Read the New/Revised/Updated Arctic Strategies (June 2019 and Beyond)- Get a Clearance- Join IARPC Collaborations (www.iarpccollaborations.org)- Use Our DoD Advantages – participate in Field Exercises, TTXs, WGs, etc.- Leverage Partnerships- Provide Strategic Input to Your Branch Strategic Plans (vs. Tactical)- Reach Out, Ask Questions, Think Multi-Disciplinary, Multi-Agency/Service- Example: We Need a Permafrost Strategic Plan – from Remote Sensing Infrastructure/Mobility/Operations

Ask For Assistance: We Can Help- Idea Generation, Proposal Guidance- Clarify DoD Gaps, Capabilities, Doctrine- Assist with Customer/Partner Interactions- Assess, Facilitate BD Opportunities


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That concludes our talk.Thank you for your attention.

Boeing C-17 Globemaster, Phoenix Airfield (NZFX)3353 m/11,000 ft. of compacted snowMcMurdo Sound, Antarctica

South Pole Overland TraverseMcMurdo Station to South Pole Station 1700 km, 2835 m elevation change

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