United Nations World Food United Nations World Food ProgramProgram

Minimum Standards in Minimum Standards in Food Security and Food Security and

NutritionNutrition

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To Discuss

Introduction: What is WFP?

Food Security and Nutrition Assessment

Infant and Young Child Feeding

Management of Acute Malnutrition and Micronutrient Deficiencies

Food Security Exercise

Food distribution to flood-displaced in Pakistan – WFP/Rein Skullerud , 2010

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What is WFP?

Mandate to: – use food aid to support

economic and social development;

– meet refugee and other emergency food needs, and the associated logistics support; and

– promote world food security in accordance with the recommendations of the United Nations and FAO.

Objectives: – Save lives and protect

livelihoods in emergencies;

– Support food security and nutrition and (re)build livelihoods in fragile settings and following emergencies;

– Reduce risk and enable people, communities and countries to meet their own food and nutrition needs;

– Reduce undernutrition and break the intergenerational cycle of hunger.

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Food Security and Nutrition Assessment

Food Security: – Type, degree, extent– Identify who– Identify response

Nutrition: – Quantifying and

Qualifying undernutrition

– Height, Weight, MUAC, micronutrient/vitamin deficiencies

A child in Malawi awaiting nutritional assessment , 2010

– Christian Science Monitor

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Common Nutritional Assessment Indexes: Weight for Height

WEIGHT HEIGHT

Salter Scale Collapsable Measure

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Principle (clinical epidemiology):middle upper arm circumference

(MUAC) predicts mortality

(better than any other measure)

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Infant and Young Child Feeding

Optimal feeding practices (breastfeeding)

Policy Guidance, coordination

Access, timely and appropriate support

National Nutrition Cluster meeting in the UN compound in Haiti (elleninhaiti@blogspot.com)

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Management of acute malnutrition and micronutrient

deficiencies Moderate Acute

Malnutrition– Supplementary Feeding– Blanket or targeted

Severe Acute Malnutrition

– Addressed through therapeutic care

– Community mobilization– Outpatient treatment

Micronutrient deficiencies

– Examination / Diagnosis– Treat common illnesses, use

of Vitamin A or Zinc.

When to use what:

– Food

– Cash and Vouchers

– Livelihoods

Food Security

USAID photo - Nigeria, 2011

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All nutritional guidelines and All nutritional guidelines and standards converge on the standards converge on the

same figures….same figures…. 2,100 Kilocalories2,100 Kilocalories Per Person Per Per Person Per

DayDay 10% of total energy from 10% of total energy from proteinprotein 17% of total energy from 17% of total energy from fatfat And… adequate And… adequate micronutrientsmicronutrients

AP photo, Afghanistan, 2009 - Dima Gavrysh

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Individual Need for Individual Need for CaloriesCalories

Some people need 1,000 kcal/day?Some people need 1,000 kcal/day? Some people need 5,000 kcal/day?Some people need 5,000 kcal/day? What does the distribution depend What does the distribution depend

on?on? What does the distribution look like?What does the distribution look like?

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Who have the greatest Who have the greatest needs per capita per day needs per capita per day

in kcals?in kcals?

1. Lactating women1. Lactating women 2. Pregnant women2. Pregnant women 3. People doing heavy physical 3. People doing heavy physical

activityactivity 4. People living in severe cold 4. People living in severe cold

weatherweather

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So, What is the major Food So, What is the major Food Item?Item?

Grain (staple). Typically:

– wheat, wheat, – maize, (corn) maize, (corn) – rice, rice, – sorghum or sorghum or – a flour.a flour.

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Okay, Let’s design a Okay, Let’s design a general ration using...general ration using...

Foods that are available to usFoods that are available to us Foods that are reasonably Foods that are reasonably

inexpensiveinexpensive Foods that won’t spoil quicklyFoods that won’t spoil quickly Foods that are moderately Foods that are moderately

acceptableacceptable Foods that achieve nutrition Foods that achieve nutrition

objectivesobjectives

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What is a typical What is a typical complement to a grain complement to a grain that adds protein to the that adds protein to the

overall diet?overall diet?

Beans, lentils, pulses, Beans, lentils, pulses, groundnutsgroundnuts

And what else?And what else?

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Group Exercise

Create your Crisis: – What kind of emergency is it?

Natural disaster (Floods, earthquake…), conflict?

– Where is it? (Can choose current situation, or design your own)

– What are the effects? Displaced persons, food insecure residents…?

Your response: – Assessment

Example: what are you looking for? Does it require a nutrition response, or general food insecurity?

– Infant and Young Child Feeding Example: were there issues before,

and exacerbated by crisis? What resources are available, or need to be created?

– Malnutrition / Micronutrient deficiencies

Example: if an issue, to what degree? What care is needed?

– Food Security Example: What kind of response

(food, cash/vouchers, livelihood activities)?

Who is prioritized? With what commodities?