UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity Building/Development Geneva, 20-22 November 2002

UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION

UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO ~ UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION ~ UNIDO

UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity Building/Development

Geneva, 20-22 November 2002

Presented by Mr. Bernardo Calzadilla-SarmientoSenior Advisor - UNIDO Office at Geneva

UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF

MARKET ACCESS



• UNIDOs Integrated programme approach

• UNIDOs Market AccessConceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach

• SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project

UNIDO’S ACTIVITIES RELATED TO CAPACITY BUILDING IN THE FIELD OF MARKET ACCESS



UNIDO INTEGRATED PROGRAMMES (IPs) aim at improving

industrial competitiveness and thereby contribute to poverty

reduction. To optimise the chances of achieving this, the focus

of integration is at the level of the UNIDO Service Modules

selected for the programme, as well as at the level of donor

mechanisms, national counterparts and other development

activities in the country or region.

THE INTEGRATED PROGRAMME APPROACH



Service Module Approach

Industrial Governance and statistics

Investment and technology promotion

Quality and productivity

Small business development

Agro-industries

Industrial energy and Kyoto Protocol

Montreal Protocol

Environmental Management



ECONOMY

The 8 Service Modules

“Competitive Economy” - or Making Industry more Efficient

EMPLOYM

ENT

ECONOMY

“Productive Employment” - orPromoting Employment in Industry

“Sound Environment” - orEnvironmentally Friendly Industry

…..grouped in “3Es”:

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NT

SID



Montreal Protocol

Small Business Development

Agro-Industries

Industrial Governance & Statistics

Quality & Productivity

Investment & Technology Promotion

Industrial Energy & Kyoto Protocol

Environmental Management

LEVEL

OF

INTERVENTION

POLICY

INSTITUTIONAL

ENTERPRISE

IntegratedPackages

of Services

COMPETITIVE ECONOMY

Making industry more efficient

PRODUCTIVE EMPLOYMENT

Promoting employment in

industry

SOUNDENVIRONMENTEnvironmentally friendly industry




• UNIDOs Market Access conceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach

• SPS related case Study: Lake Victoria Project




DEVELOPING COUNTRIES ARE TAKING LIMITED ADVANTAGE OF IMPROVED

ACCESS CONDITIONS BECAUSE:

They have serious shortfalls in capabilities

They face major non-tariff barriers to trade

They have to adapt to the multilateral trading system



CAPACITY SHORTFALLS

often incompatible with international standards. Standards

Metrology and testing no recognized laboratory capacities.

Supply unable to produce goods of competitive quality and quantity.

Trade little say in international trade agreements

Marketing and export promotion

unable to identify and attract target consumers



Graphic 1 - Means-End diagram for market access facilitation

NON-TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS

MarketAccess

Facilitation

Technical Barries toTrade (TBT)

Transportationand transit

processinspection

productdevelopment

accreditation ofconformity

assessment

registryprocedures

taxes

Sanitary andPhytosanitary measures

(SPS)

TBT relatedissues

standards fromCodex AlimentariusCommission (CAC)

Intl. Off ice ofEpizootics (IOE)

standards

health

InternationalPlant Protection

Conventionstandards

(IPPC)

domesticrequirements

International rulesfor trade

tradeagreements

prohibitiions

Registration,documentation and

customs issues

licences

w arehousing

customclearance

domestictaxation of

goods

intellectualproperty

tradedisputes

Investment andfinancial related

matters

foreignexchangemeasures

DFIregulations

banking

customvaluation

biosafetystandards (GMO)

dumpingpractices

UNIDOITCFAO

UNIDO

UNIDOIAFILAC

WHO

FAOWHO

UNCTAD

WTOUNCTAD

WTO

WTO

WIPO

-

WB

IMFUNIDOIMO

ICAO

National EnquiryPoint

ITC

certif ication(systems)

ITC

packagingand labelling

ITC

tests andcalibration

UNIDO

environmentalsystems

UNIDOUNEP

localcontent

schemes

UNIDOISOITC

ITC

airportservices

ICAO

foreigninvestment

taxes

WTO agreement fortrade

ITC

products and marketdevelopment

ITC

enterprises'competitiveness

UNIDOITC

tradenegotiationstechniques

UNCTAD

UNIDO - 22/Apr/02

internationalstandards

UNIDOISOITC

storageUNIDO

quotas,prices

subisidies

profitrepatriation

limits

UNCTADWTO

inspection

services

harbourservices

IMO

measurementstandards

UNIDOBIPM

IECOIMLITU

National EnquiryPoint

ITC

MARKET ACCESS FACILITATION

INTERNATIONALRULES FOR TRADE

TRANSPORTATION & TRANSIT

TECHNICAL

BARRIERS TO

TRADE (TBT)

NON – TARIFF BARRIERS AFFECTING MARKET ACCESS

SANITARY &

PHYTOSANITARY

MEASURES (SPS)REGISTRATION,

DOCUMENTATION

& CUSTOMS

ISSUES

INVESTMENT & FINANCIAL MATTERS



“Countries must have marketable products to sell”

Pre-conditions for Market Access – The Main Problem Areas

“Products must meet market/client requirements”

“Rules for trade, customs must be harmonized”



Connect to the Market

M A

R K

E T

S

P

R

O D

U

C

T

S

Products to Market

….by upgrading supply capacities and standards infrastructures

DevelopCompetitive

ManufacturingCapability

Prove Conformity with Market

Requirements

Compete Conform Connect

INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS & RULES FOR TRADE

WTO

INVESTMENT FACILITATIONFINANCIAL FLOWS

UNCTAD

STANDARDS &

CONFORMITY

ASSESSMNT

INFRASTRUCTUR

E

(TBT, SPS)

UNIDO, FAO,

WHO

CUSTOMS

PROCEDURES

TRANSPORTATIO

N

DOCUMENTATIO

N

UNCTAD, IMO

SUPPLY

DEVELOPMENT

(Capacity &

Competitivenes

s)

UNIDO

EXPORT PROMOTION

ITC

A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY FACILITATES MARKET ACCESS

Compete Conform Connect




• UNIDOs Market AccessConceptual framework: the 3 Cs approach

• Capacity Building: Lake Victoria Project




Case of Victorian Lake Fish industry

Situation Before

• Major fish industry (Nile perch) developed around Lake Victoria, shared by Tanzania 51%, Uganda 43% and Kenya 6%

• Revenues from exports exceeded USD 200 million/year

• Employment for almost 500.000 people

• Favorable ground for local suppliers and complementary industries.




Effect of Lake Fish Poisoning

• EU export ban imposed in 1999

• Fish exports dropped by 50% in Tanzania and Uganda

• 30% of workers lost their jobs

• Most of the fish factories closed or worked far below capacity




Challenge – Project Objectives

• Identify immediate and structural deficiencies

• Establish solid foundation for fish safety system

• Lift the ban imposed by EU



GOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVELGOVERNMENT (GENERAL) LEVEL

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVELINSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK LEVEL

ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS)ENTERPRISE LEVEL (OPERATORS)

CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)CONSUMER LEVEL (MARKET)

THE CHALLENGES – LAKE VICTORIA

Appropriate strategy for risk analysis, management and communication

Appropriate food control legislation (FAO)

Coordination and monitoring mechanisms involving all the stakeholders

Appropriate strategy for risk analysis, management and communication

Appropriate food control legislation (FAO)

Coordination and monitoring mechanisms involving all the stakeholders








Inspection (regulations enforcement, system auditing and product certification,hazard identification and analysis)

Support services: Testing analyses (GLP-accredit. ISO17025), standardization, metrology, training andcertification bodies; etc.

Inspection (regulations enforcement, system auditing and product certification,hazard identification and analysis)

Support services: Testing analyses (GLP-accredit. ISO17025), standardization, metrology, training andcertification bodies; etc.








Strengthening individual and collective awareness and skills of personal

Implementing GHP and HACCP based programs with benchmarking mechanisms

Implementing quality management systems

Strengthening individual and collective awareness and skills of personal

Implementing GHP and HACCP based programs with benchmarking mechanisms

Implementing quality management systems








Collective awareness through the media

Education focusing on young generation through school programs

Strengthening capacity of consumers organizations

Collective awareness through the media

Education focusing on young generation through school programs

Strengthening capacity of consumers organizations




Project Implementation

• Integrated corrective actions taken by UNIDO in partnership with

1. Uganda National Bureau of Standards2. Tanzania Bureau of Standards3. Federation of Kenya Employers4. Lake Victoria Fishers Cooperative5. UNDP, WHO, FAO, DFID

• 3 years, USD 4.6 million

• Sources of funds: Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK, UNDP, UNIDO




Results achieved

• Organizational and regulatory framework for fish industry improved, service capacity for fish inspection strengthened

• Testing laboratories locally available and internationally recognized

• In-plant group training carried out in 17 factories for 950 staff and critical mass of expertise provided to processing plants in GHP, HACCP, ISO 9000

• Quality control upgraded at all levels

• EU ban lifted by the end of 2000 and new market in US opened



Case of Victorian LakeFish industry

Lessons learned

• Building up the competent authority and establishing QMS and HACCP systems was essential for restarting fish exports.

• Strengthening simultanuoesly local support institutions such as standardization bodies and testing houses, inspection and certification bodies was decisive to regain the EU market and get access to new markets.

A CONCERTED INTER-AGENCY STRATEGY INVOLVING ALL STAKEHOLDERS WAS INDISPENSABLE TO ACHIEVE IMPACT

http://www.unido.org

UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity Building/Development Geneva, 20-22 November 2002

Documents

Transcript of UN Inter-Agency Workshop on Capacity Building/Development Geneva, 20-22 November 2002