UN Human Rights Protection System
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Transcript of UN Human Rights Protection System
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UN Human Rights
Protection System
International Human Rights Law I
Ateneo Law School
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UN CHARTER-BASERI!HTS
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UN CHARTERARTICLE 1(3)
The Purposes o the Un!te" Nat!ons are#
3$ To ach!e%e !nternat!onal cooperat!on !n $$$$
pro&ot!n' an" encoura'!n' respect or
Hu&an R!'hts an" or un"a&ental ree"o&sor all w!thout "!st!nct!on as to race se
lan'ua'e or rel!'!on$*
Call for Respect, Realization and Observance of Human Rights
Non-Discrimination
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Human Rights were recognized as internationalas opposed to mere domestic concern.
UN authority to define/codify Human Rights.
Clarified scope of Member States obligation to
promote and protect human rights.
UN CH!R"#R $ !R"%C '()*
+"he ,urposes of the United Nations are-
). "o achiee international cooperation in ....promoting and encouraging respect forHuman Rights and for fundamental freedomsfor all without distinction as to race se0language or religion.1
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UN CH!R"#R $ !R"%C 22
+"he United Nations shall promote-
Uniersal respect for and obserance ofhuman rights and fundamental freedomsfor all without distinction as to race se0language or religion.1
UN CH!R"#R $ !R"%C 23
+!ll members pledge themseles to ta4e5oint and separate action for theachieement of the purposes set forth
in !rticle 22.1
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UN CHARTER-BASE
"#NIT#RIN! "ECHANIS"S
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"onitoring $y Political Bo%ies
+ UN ,eneral Asse&-l.+ UN Hu&an R!'hts Counc!l
+ UN Secur!t. Counc!l
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re%!ew o the hu&anr!'hts recor"s o all 1/0
UN e&-er States once
e%er. our .ears$
HU"AN RI!HTS C#UNCIL
&' UNI(ERSALPERI#IC RE(IE)
*UPR+
!s an !nter2'o%ern&ental -o". &a"e up o 4 States
respons!-le or stren'then!n' the pro&ot!on an"protect!on o hu&an r!'hts$ The Counc!l was create"
-. the UN ,eneral Asse&-l.on 15 arch 0667 w!th
the &a!n purpose o a""ress!n' s!tuat!ons o hu&an
r!'hts %!olat!ons an" &a8e reco&&en"at!ons on
the&$
http://www.un.org/ga/http://www.un.org/ga/ -
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A"%!sor. Co&&!ttee ser%es as the Counc!l9s th!n8
tan8* pro%!"!n' !t w!th epert!se an" a"%!ce on the&at!c
hu&an r!'hts !ssues an" the re%!se"Co&pla!nts Proce"ure&echan!s& wh!ch allows
!n"!%!"uals an" or'an!:at!ons to -r!n' co&pla!nts a-out
hu&an r!'hts %!olat!ons to the attent!on o the Counc!l$
Two "!st!nct wor8!n' 'roups 2 the )or,ing !rou
on Communications *)!C+ an" the )or,ing
!rou on Situations *)!S+ 2 are esta-l!she" w!th
the &an"ate to ea&!ne the co&&un!cat!ons an"to -r!n' to the attent!on o the Counc!l cons!stent
patterns o 'ross an" rel!a-l. atteste" %!olat!ons o
hu&an r!'hts an" un"a&ental ree"o&s$
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/advisorycommittee.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/complaints.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/chr/complaints.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/advisorycommittee.htm -
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International Protection o. Human Rights
INTER-!#(ERN"ENTAL #R!ANI/ATI#N
UNI(ERSAL RE!I#NAL
UN
CHARTER C#N(ENTI#NS
!ENERAL
ASSE"BL0
HU"AN
RI!HTSC#UNCIL
ICCPR
ICESCR
CER
CEA)
CAT
CRC
")C
CRP
#AU C#E #AS
A1RICAN
CHARTER
#N HU"ANAN
PE#PLES2
RI!HTS
A1RICAN
C#""ISSI#N
#N H3PR
*Ban4ul5 !am$ia+
A1RICAN
C#URT
#N H3PR
*Arusha5
Tan6ania+
EUR#PEAN
C#N(ENTI#N#N HU"AN
RI!HTS
EUR#PEAN
C#URT #1
HU"AN
RI!HTS
*Stras$ourg5
1rance+
INTER-A"ERICAN
C#N(ENTI#N #1
HU"AN RI!HTS
INTER-A"ERICAN
C#""ISSI#N #1
HU"AN RI!HTS*)ashington5 'C'+
INTER-A"ERICAN
C#URT #1 HU"AN
RI!HTS *San 7os85
Costa Rica+
UHR
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1//3# ASEAN ore!'n &!n!stersagreed that ASEAN should
also consider the establishment of an appropriate regional
mechanism on human rights !n support o the ;!enna
# ASEAN Charter Art!cle 1# ASEAN hu&an r!'hts -o". Art!cle 17# Ent!t!es Assoc!ate" w!th ASEAN 6 Reco'n!:e"
as ?ther Sta8ehol"ers*
066/# ASEAN Pol!t!cal2Secur!t. an" Soc!o2Cultural Co&&un!t.
@luepr!nts an" T?Rs o the ASEAN Inter'o%ern&ental
Co&&!ss!on on Hu&an R!'hts (AICHR) an" ASEAN
Co&&!ss!on on o&en an" Ch!l"ren (ACC T?R 0616)
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AICHR2s T#R
Purose#To pro&ote B protect hu&an r!'htsan" un"a&ental ree"o&s
Princiles9Torespect nat!onal so%ere!'nt.non2!ntererence an" consensus
1unctioning9Consultat!%e Inter2'o%ern&ental@o".
Comosition9 16 representat!%es o ASEAN &e&-er state Three .ears ter& an" &a. -e re2appo!nte" or
onl. one &ore ter&$
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Stan%ar%-Setting Instruments
1ramewor, .or "onitoring
State Comliance- "ocu&entat!on an" "ata
'ather!n'- throu'h report!n'
(State an" N,?)
In%icators
Law reor&
State Pol!c!es
State Pro'ra&s
I&ple&entat!on (Pol!t!cal !ll)
Nat!onal Hu&an R!'hts S!tuat!on
Internat!onal!:e" HRs
Co"!!cat!on o HRs
on!tor!n' &echan!s&s
0 -roa" cate'or!es#
c!%!l B pol!t!cal r!'hts
an" econo&!c soc!al
an" cultural r!'hts
ICCPR1st ?P(1/47) 0n" ?P
(1//1)
ICESCR(1/47) #PIn"$
Co&&$ Proc$
(
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TREAT0-BASE RI!HTS
?CI(IL AN P#LITICAL RI!HTS?EC#N#"IC 5 S#CIAL AN CULTURAL RI!HTS
?RI!HTS A!AINST T#RTURE AN CRUEL AN
INHU"ANE TREAT"ENT AN PUNISH"ENT?RI!HT A!AINST RACIAL ISCRI"INATI#N
?RI!HTS #1 )#"EN
?RI!HTS #1 CHILREN?RI!HTS #1 "I!RANT )#R@ERS
?RI!HTS #1 PERS#NS )ITH ISABILITIES
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7hat are the e0isting mechanisms
and procedures under the ariousHuman Rights treaties8
TREAT0-BASE
"#NIT#RIN! "ECHANIS"S
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"reaties may proide for all or a combination ofthe following human rights mechanisms indealing with human rights iolations-
- #0amination of Country Reports (all treaties*
- %nter$state complaints (%CC,R C#R9 C!"
and M7C* :C#9!7interpretation/application;
- %n
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I"P#RTANT PRINCIPLES IN
HU"AN RI!HTS TREATIES
&' STATE #BLI!ATI#N
' N#N-ISCRI"INATI#N
' E11ECTI(E RE"E0
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I' STATE #BLI!ATI#N
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9erogations during statesof emergency-
C!%!l an" pol!t!cal r!'hts &a. -e
"ero'ate" ro& "ur!n' a state o
e&er'enc.$
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Criteria for lawful derogation
temporary derogations only= e0ceptional threat to the life of the
nation must e0ist= official proclamation of a state of
emergency must be made= notification to other states and/or
releant treaty$monitoring body=
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Criteria for lawful derogation cont
reasonable proportionality betweenmeans employed and end to berealized must e0ist=
other obligations underinternational law remainapplicable=
measures ta4en to derogate mustnot be discriminatory.
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THE FOLLOWING RIGHTS ARENON-DEROGABLE:
the right to life= freedom from torture=
freedom from slaery= freedom frompost facto legislation
and other 5udicial guarantees=
right to recognition before the law= freedom of thought conscience and
religion.
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+ 0 0 0 the Committee beliees that the term>discrimination? as used in the Coenantshould be understood to imply any distinctione0clusion restriction or preference which is
based on any ground such as race colour se0language religion political or other opinionnational or social origin property birth or otherstatus and which has the purpose or effect of
nullifying or impairing the recognitionen5oyment or e0ercise by all persons on ane
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#
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"hose who are disadantaged hae to catch upin order to achiee real e
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Non$9iscrimination is articulated in the#
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III. EFFECTI(E REMED)
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The Co&&!ttee cons!"ers that the 8!ll!n' o theauthors9 son on -oar" a sh!p o the State
part.9s Na%. warrante" a spee". !n"epen"ent
!n%est!'at!on on the poss!-le !n%ol%e&ent othe Na%. !n the cr!&e$ The Co&&!ttee recalls
that the "epr!%at!on o l!e -. the author!t!es o
the State !s a &atter o ut&ost 'ra%!t. an" that
the author!t!es ha%e the "ut. to !n%est!'ate !n
'oo" a!th all alle'at!ons o %!olat!ons o the
Co%enant &a"e a'a!nst !t an" !ts author!t!es$
Fel!pe an" E%el.n PestaGo %$ The Ph!l!pp!nes
CCPRC/>
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To s!&pl. state that there was no "!rect
part!c!pat!on o the State part. !n the %!olat!on
o the %!ct!&9s r!'ht to l!e alls short o ul!ll!n'such pos!t!%e o-l!'at!on un"er the Co%enant$
h!le close to15 .ears elapse" s!nce the
"eath o the %!ct!& the authors are st!ll
!'norant o the c!rcu&stances surroun"!n' the!r
son9s "eath an" the State part.9s author!t!es
ha%e .et to !n!t!ate an !n"epen"ent
!n%est!'at!on$ The Co&&!ttee has '!%en "uecons!"erat!on to the authors9 cla!& un"er
art!cle 7 that the "eath o the!r son !s "!rectl.
attr!-uta-le to the State$
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hen a person "!es !n c!rcu&stances that
&!'ht !n%ol%e a %!olat!on o the r!'ht to l!e
the State part. !s -oun" to con"uct an!n%est!'at!on an" ensure that there !s no
!&pun!t.$ The State part. &ust accor"!n'l.
-e hel" to -e !n -reach o !ts o-l!'at!onun"er art!cle 7 rea" !n conJunct!on w!th
art!cle 0 para'raph 3 to properl.
!n%est!'ate the "eath o the authors9 sonprosecute the perpetrators an" ensure
re"ress$
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Art *+' Each State Part. to the present Co%enant un"erta8es#
(a) To ensure that an. person whose r!'hts or ree"o&s are
%!olate" shall ha%e an eect!%e re&e". notw!thstan"!n' that the
%!olat!on has -een co&&!tte" -. persons act!n' !n an o!c!alcapac!t.K
(-) To ensure that an. person cla!&!n' such a re&e". shall
ha%e h!s r!'ht thereto "eter&!ne" -. co&petent Ju"!c!al
a"&!n!strat!%e or le'!slat!%e author!t!es or -. an. otherco&petent author!t. pro%!"e" or -. the le'al s.ste& o the
State an" to "e%elop the poss!-!l!t!es o Ju"!c!al re&e".K
(c) To ensure that the co&petent author!t!es shall enorce such
re&e"!es when 'rante"$
Article
1$ E%er. hu&an -e!n' has the !nherent r!'ht to l!e$ Th!s r!'ht
shall -e protecte" -. law$ No one shall -e ar-!trar!l. "epr!%e" o
h!s l!e$
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(i$o on Trat* Bo$is