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On the Road to UMTSOn the Road to UMTS

Manish DasManish Das

(Universal Mobile Telecommunications Service)

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Evolution from 1st generation towards beyond 3-GEvolution from 1st generation towards beyond 3-G

First Generation

Analogue Circuit

switched Basic voice

telephony Low capacity Limited local

and regional

coverage

Second Generation

Digital Circuit switched Voice plus basic

data applications Low data speed Enhancements

towards packet

switching higher data

rates

Trans-national

and globalroaming

Digital Packet and circuit switched

Data andmultimedia

applications Medium data

rates Global coverage Global roaming

Third Generation Beyond 3-G

Digital Packet switched All IP based

(IPv6) More advanced

multimedia

applications User in control Flexible platform

of

complementary

access systems High speed data Improved QoS Global coverage Global roaming

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Trend : Bandwidth - Personal WirelessTrend : Bandwidth - Personal Wireless

100

1,000

10,000

100,000

1,000,000

10,000,000

100,000,000

1,000,000,000

10,000,000,000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

bps

GPRS

3G

4G

2G

3.5G

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Network & Technology EvolutionNetwork & Technology Evolution

CircuitCircuit

Voice

R99 R4 R5 R5+2003 2004 2005 2006

2007

Subscribers

New Services &Cost Savings PacketizedPacketized

BroadbandBroadband

Richer Service

Revenue

Broadban

d

ConvergencConvergencBusinessExtensio

n

Present

network

INTRODUCEUMTSAnd R4 core

INTRODUCE IMSHSDPA, HSUPA

FIXED + Wireless

+ Broadcastetc

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Manish Das

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTSBTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

PSTN

VLR

TRAUHLR

EIR

OMC

SMSC

BC

AUC

VMSC

MSC

Abis

A

OML

GSM NetworkGSM Network

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GPRS NetworkGPRS Network

SGSN GGSN

(MAP)

Gr (MAP)Gb

A

Gp (IP)

Gs

Gn

Gi (IP)

MSC/VLR

Gb - Interface between SGSN and BSC(Frame Relay)Gi - Reference point between GPRS

and external packet data networkGs - Interface between SGSN andMSCGr - Interface between SGSN and HLRGd - Interface between SGSN and SMSCGn - Interface between two GSNwithinthe same PLMNGp - Interface between two GSN in

different PLMN

Gn

SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSCGd

(MAP)

IPNetwork

OtherPLMN

BackboneNetwork

BTSAbis

HLRBSC

PCU

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Manish Das

EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution)EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution)

EDGE is theevolutionary stepafter GPRS that

offers 3G dataservices in theexisting GSMspectrum;

essentially 3G dataspeeds in 2Gspectrum.

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Comparison between EDGE and GPRSComparison between EDGE and GPRS

473.6 kb/s160 kb/sUser data rate (8 timeslots)

59.2kb/s20 kb/sUser data rate per time

slot (max)

810kb/s270kb/sModulation bit rate

270ksym/s270ksym/sSymbol rate

8-PSKGMSKModulationEDGEGPRS

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EDGE Coding schemesEDGE Coding schemes

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Scenario for Migration from 2G to 3GScenario for Migration from 2G to 3G

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Vision for 3 G (IMT 2000)Vision for 3 G (IMT 2000)

Well specified system with major interfaces open and

standardised. The specifications generated should be validworld-wide.

Added value to the GSM. However, in the beginning thesystem must be backward compatible at least with GSM andISDN.

Multimedia and all of its components must be supportedthroughout the system.

The services for end-users must be independent from radioaccess technology

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3G technical requirements3G technical requirements

Bit Rate:Rural outdoor 144 kbps (500 km/h).

Suburban outdoor 384 kbps (120 km/h) .

Indoor 2 Mbps (10 km/h).

Variable bit rate capability: granularity, circuit and packetbearers.

Varying delay and quality of service requirements.(priorities of traffic).

Handover: seamless between the cells and different

operators. Co-existence with and handover to 2Gsystems.

Support of asymmetric traffic.

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UMTS QoS ClassesUMTS QoS Classes

Traffic class Conversational

class

Real Time

Streaming

class

Real Time

Interactive class

Best Effort

Background

class

Best Effort

Fundamentalcharacteristics

- Preserve timerelation (variation)

betweeninformation entitiesof the stream

- Conversationalpattern (stringentand low delay )

- Preserve timerelation

(variation)betweeninformationentities of thestream

- Requestresponse pattern

-Preservepayload content

-Destination is notexpecting the

data within acertain time

-Preservepayload content

Example ofthe application

voice streamingvideo

web browsing telemetry, emails

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UMTSUMTS

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UMTS Network architectureUMTS Network architecture

A UMTS network consist of three interacting domains: Core Network (CN)

UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN)

User Equipment (UE)

The main function of the core network is to provide switching,routing and transit for user traffic. Core network also containsthe databases and network management functions.

The basic Core Network architecture for UMTS is based on GSMnetwork with GPRS. All equipment has to be modified for UMTS

operation and services.

The UTRAN provides the air interface access method for UserEquipment. Base Station is referred as Node-B and controlequipment for Node-B's is called Radio Network Controller(RNC).

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UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 99UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 99

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UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 4UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 4

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UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 5UMTS Network architecture: Rel. 5

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UMTS Release 6 Network (All IP network)UMTS Release 6 Network (All IP network)

BSSBSC

RNSRNC

CN

Node B

Node B

IuCS IuPSIur

Iub

USIM

ME

MS

Cu

Uu

MSC server SGSNGs

GGSNGMSCserver

GnHSS(HLR,AuC)Gr

GcC

D

E

EIRF Gf

GiPSTN

IuCSIuPS

VLRB

Gp

VLR G

BTS

BTS

Um

RNCAbis

SIMSIM-ME i/f or

MSC serverB

PSTN

cell

CS-MGWCS-MGW

CS-MGW

Nb

Mc McNb

PSTNPSTN

Nc

Mc

A Gb

Nc

PDFGo

Gq Go*

Bold lines:interfaces supporting user traffic;

Dashed lines: interfaces supporting signalling.

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UMTS Rel 6UMTS Rel 6

NodeB

NodeB

RNC EIR

SGSN GGSN

DHCPDNS

P-CSCF

S-CSCF

BGCF MGCF

MGW

MRF

I-CSCF

HSSIu-PS

UTRAN

Signaling

Speech path

Internet Protocol MultimediaSubsystem Core Network

(IMS CN)

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Core NetworkCore Network

CS Domain

The CS domain refers to the set of all the CN entities

offering "CS type of connection" for user traffic as well

as all the entities supporting the related signalling.

The entities specific to the CS domain are: MSC,

GMSC, VLR.

PS Domain

The PS domain refers to the set of all the CN entities

offering "PS type of connection" for user traffic as wellas all the entities supporting the related signalling. The

entities specific to the PS domain are the GPRS

specific entities, i.e. SGSN and GGSN.

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Core Network: MSC Server and Media GatewayCore Network: MSC Server and Media Gateway

MSC functionality is split into two logical functions:

Media Gateway (MGW) MSC Server

The call control function of MSC is provided by MSC Server.

The bearer switching functions of the MSC are provided by MGW.

CallControlfunctions

VLR

ISUP ISUP

Bearerfunctions

64kbpsPCM

64kbpsPCM

Integrated MSC Functionality

MSCSERVERControlfunctions

VLR

ISUP ISUP

MediaGateway

H.248

Physically separated Functionality

Bearer U-Plane

Bearer U-Plane

Mc

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Manish Das

Core NetworkCore Network

Home Subscriber Server (HSS)

The HSS is the master database for a given user. It is the entity containing thesubscription-related information to support the network entities actually

handling calls/sessions.

The HSS consists of the following functionalities:

-IP multimedia functionality to provide support to control functions of theIM subsystem such as the CSCF. It is needed to enable subscriber usage

of the IM CN subsystem services. This IP multimedia functionality is

independent of the access network used to access the IM CN subsystem.

-The subset of the HLR/AUC functionality required by the PS Domain.

-The subset of the HLR/AUC functionality required by the CS Domain, if it

is desired to enable subscriber access to the CS Domain or to support

roaming to legacy GSM/UMTS CS Domain networks.

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Core Network: HSSCore Network: HSS

IM CN subsystem

CxC ShGr GcD

MSC / VLRGMSC

CS Domain

SGSN

GGSN

PS Domain

SIP ApplicationServer

CSCF

HSSMobility Management

User security info. generation

User security support

Service Provisioning support

Identification handling

Service authorization support

Access authorization

Call / Session establishment support

Si

IM-SSF

OSA-SCS

Application Services Support

gsmSCF

CAMEL Services Support

Wx

3GPP

AAA

Server

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IMS ArchitectureIMS Architecture

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IMS ArchitectureIMS Architecture

MGCF, MGW:The Media Gateway Control Function (MGCF) terminates SIPsessions and provides ISUP (or equivalent) signalling to the PSTN.The Media Gateway (MGW) provides inter working and transcodingfrom IP bearer to TDM (or potentially VoIP or VoATM).

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UTRANUTRAN

WCDMA radio is the main difference

between UMTS and GSM BSS.

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Node BNode B

The functions of Node-B are:

Air interface Transmission / Reception Modulation / Demodulation CDMA Physical Channel coding

Error Handing Closed loop power control

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RNCRNC

The functions of RNC are:The functions of RNC are:

Radio Resource Control Admission Control Channel Allocation Power Control Settings Handover Control Ciphering

Segmentation / Reassembly Broadcast Signalling Open Loop Power Control

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Manish Das

UTRA Air Interface StandardUTRA Air Interface Standard

Uses WCDMA Channel bandwidth: 5 MHz Chip rate: 3.84 Mcps Spreading factor (SF): 4 to 512 512 Orthogonal codes

Maximum data rate per channel: 960 kbps (uncoded) Maximum allowed parallel channels: 6

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InterfacesInterfaces

IIubub

This is equivalent to A-bis interface in GSM, but unlike A-bis this isan open interface. It uses ATM for transmission.

IIuu-CS-CS

This is equivalent to A interface in GSM. Main signalling protocol is

RANAP.

IIuu-PS-PS

This is equivalent to Gb interface in GPRS. It carries data traffic andsignaling between UTRAN and the core data GPRS network.

IIururThis interface connects two RNCs. There is no equivalent interfacein GSM/ GPRS. When a mobile user moves between areas servedby different RNCs, the mobile users data is transferred to new RNCvia IIurur.. The original RNC isknown as serving RNC and the new RNCis known as the Drift RNC.

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Coverage of different bit rateCoverage of different bit rate

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Coverage of different bit rateCoverage of different bit rate

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Coverage of different bit rateCoverage of different bit rate

1.01.52.3Cell radius [km]

129.9135.7141.9Allowed propagation

loss [dB]

384 kbps

data

144 kbps

data

12.2 kbps

Voice

Service

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Data Transfer time for different applicationsData Transfer time for different applications

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3G and Beyond Data Throughput3G and Beyond Data Throughput

40 Mbps10 Mbps1 Mbps320 kbpsTypical maxThroughput

per cell

>1004097#users (**)

60 ms

HSDPA

HSUPA2005-06

20 ms120 ms260 ms*Latency

(Ping 32bytes)

HSOPA

(MIMO-OFDM)2007-08

UMTSEDGEin 5 MHz

(*) subsequent Ping

(**) number of simultaneous users of 128kbps streaming in 5 MHz

HSDPA delivers the cost, capacity and performance

required for True Mobile Broadband

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UMTS Release 6 NetworkUMTS Release 6 Network

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HSDPAHSDPA

xDSL data rate on Wireless?

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) promise 10 Mbps speedin downlink.

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HAPS

Services

Content

GSM

UMTS

WLAN

Bluetooth

Satellite

Wireline or Wireless

Networks

(Internet)

Direct Sequence

Frequency

Hopping

WCDMA

TD-CDMA

TDMA

FDD

OFDM

TDDOFDM Unspecified

ADSL

The mobile networks beyond 3 GThe mobile networks beyond 3 G