UMG8900-TDM-Guide for Troubleshooting Faults Related to Cascading

UMG8900 All Versions

UMG8900-TDM-Guide for Troubleshooting Faults Related to Cascading

Issue 01

Date 2010-09-20

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Issue 01 (2010-09-20) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd

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Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved.

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Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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About This Document

Author

Prepared by Wu Lianxiang (ID: 47307) Date 2007-07-23

Reviewed by Zhang Hai (ID: 39642), Li Aihua (ID: 50262), and Gong Chunli (ID: 00108093)

Date 2007-07-23

Approved by Date

Summary

This document describes the knowledge of TDM cascading and the related troubleshooting of

the UMG8900.

This document includes:

Guide for Reading

Related Configuration

Troubleshooting

Acronyms and Abbreviations

History

Issue Details Date Prepared by Approved by

1.00 Initial release 2007-07-23 Wu Lianxiang

(ID: 47307)



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Contents

About This Document ..................................................................................................................... 2

1 Guide for Reading ........................................................................................................................ 5

1.1 Basic Concepts of TDM Cascading ................................................................................................................. 5

1.2 Master and Slave States of TDM Cascading Modules ..................................................................................... 5

1.3 TDM Cascading Switchover Mechanism ......................................................................................................... 6

1.4 TDM Cascading Networking and Hardware Connection ................................................................................. 7

2 Related Configuration ................................................................................................................ 11

2.1 Configuration for TDM Cascading ................................................................................................................ 11

3 Troubleshooting .......................................................................................................................... 13

A Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................. 16



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Figures

Figure 1-1 SSM-256 self-cascading ...................................................................................................................... 7

Figure 1-2 SSM-32 self-cascading ........................................................................................................................ 8

Figure 1-3 SSM-256 and SSM-32 mixed cascading ............................................................................................. 9

Figure 1-4 SSM-160 self-cascading .................................................................................................................... 10



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1 Guide for Reading The UMG8900 realizes large capacity networking in the cascading way. The service channel

and control channel of the device are separated. The TDM services between frames are

transmitted in the TDM cascading way.

1.1 Basic Concepts of TDM Cascading

At present, an SSM-32 frame of Huawei UMG8900 provides 32 K TDM service switching

capability and an SSM-256 frame provides 256 K TDM service switching capability. TDM

cascading can realize the TDM service switching between frames and thus enhance the TDM

switching capacity of the UMG8900.

The TDM cascading capabilities of the TNU boards are listed as follows:

The TDM cascading capability of a 4-optical interface TNB is 32 K.

The TDM cascading capability of a 3-optical interface TNU is 24 K.

The TDM cascading capability of a 2-optical interface TNC is 16 K.

The TDM cascading capability of a 1-optical interface TNC is 8 K.

The TDM cascading capability of a 2-optical interface TND is 32 K.

1.2 Master and Slave States of TDM Cascading Modules

The cascading function of the system is realized through the cascading modules on the boards.

The cascading modules on the TNB and TNC/TND are relatively independent. That is, the

switchover of cascading modules does not affect the states of the boards.

The BLU provides the cascading function. When the cascading module is switched, the board

is also switched. Similarly, when the BLU is switched, the corresponding cascading module is

also switched.

The FLU provides the cascading channel for the back BLU cascading board. The system

prefers the FLU inserted in the even-numbered slot as the master board. When the board

performs the master/slave switchover, the cascading module on the BLU is not affected.

When the master/slave states of the cascading ports of the two cascaded frames are different,

the system performs the master/slave switchover to keep the port states consistent.



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In the system, the master/slave state of the BLU depends on the master/slave state of the

cascading interface of the cascaded TNB, TNC, or TNU/TND. If the master/slave state of the

BLU is inconsistent with that of the cascading interface of the TNB, TNU, or TNC/TND after

the BLU is started, the BLU is automatically reset when the switchover is enabled for the state

consistency.

The cascading module of the TNU is placed on the mother board. The three cascading

interfaces must be in the same state. They all need to be connected to the cascading fiber

simultaneously. Dual-node failure, that is, failure of both master and slave nodes, must be

avoided. Otherwise, the switchover will be performed once and again.

The cascading module of the TNB is on the cascading subboard. The four cascading

interfaces must be in the same state. Dual-node failure must be avoided. Otherwise, the

switchover will be performed once and again.

The cascading module of the TNC is on the cascading subboard. The master/slave state of

each cascading interface is independent.

The cascading module of the TND is on the cascading subboard. The master/slave state of

each cascading interface is independent.

1.3 TDM Cascading Switchover Mechanism

When detecting failure in the master TDM cascading channel between frames, the system

starts the TDM cascading switchover mechanism. The switchover complies with the

following principles:

If the master TDM cascading channel fails, but the slave TDM cascading channel is

normal, the latter is changed into a master channel. The TDM cascading switchover does

not affect the services.

If both the master and slave TDM cascading channels fail, the master/slave states of the

TDM cascading channels remain unchanged and no switchover is performed.

To facilitate manual control of the cascading state, the system provides the command for

manual cascading switchover. This operation has the highest priority. That is, whether

the slave TDM cascading fails or not (failure of the key chip simulated by the slave

cascading excluded), the system responds to the manual operation. Therefore, you must

be cautious during manual control of the TDM cascading state.



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1.4 TDM Cascading Networking and Hardware Connection

Figure 1-1 SSM-256 self-cascading

For the SSM-256 self-cascading, up to eight frames are available for the TDM service

cascading.

Pay attention to the following for the TDM cascading:

The TNU inserted in the slot with a large number must connect to the TNU or the BLU

inserted in the slot with a large number through TDM cascading optical fibers, while the

TNU inserted in the slot with a small number must connect to the TNU or the BLU

inserted in the slot with a small number through TDM cascading optical fibers.

The cascading module of the TNB must be made into a subboard. The orientation of the

optical interface is different from that of the TNU and BLU. You must pay attention to

the label on the front panel. The Tx interface must connect to the Rx interface of the peer

board and the Rx interface to the Tx interface of the peer board.

The optical interface numbers must correspond to the optical interfaces. If a wrong slot

or optical interface is connected with the cascading fiber, the TDM cascading service

fails. The switchover of TDM cascading frames or switching network may even occur,

which affects the normal operation of the UMG8900 greatly. In the case of TDM

cascading with the SSM-256 frame through the BLU, restrictions are set down for the

specifications of the TNU and BLU. That is, the 4-optical interface TNB can only be

cascaded with the UG02BLU and UG02FLU, while the 3-optical interface TNU can

only be cascaded with the UG01BLU and UG01FLU. The cascading capability of the

3-optical interface TNU is 24 K and that of the 4-optical interface TNB is 32 K.

The TNB can be used with the UG02E32, UG02SPF, and VPD, but the system requires

that the UG02E32, UG02SPF, and VPD cannot add up to more than 15.



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The SSM-256 frame number ranges from 0 to 15. The TNU and TNB numbers must be

consistent with the frame numbers. The board number can be only 015. Therefore, the TNU and TNB can be installed only in the frames numbered between 0 and 15.


The TDM cascading of the SSM-32 frames is realized on the TNC. In the first SSM-32 frame,

the TNC has two TDM cascading interfaces that can be cascaded with two frames at most.

During the SSM-32 self-cascading, the central switching frame is the main control frame.

Similar to the SSM-256 self-cascading, pay attention to the following during the SSM-32

self-cascading:

The TNC inserted in the slot with a large number must connect to the TNC inserted in

the slot with a large number through TDM cascading optical fibers, while the TNC

inserted in the slot with a small number must connect to the TNC inserted in the slot with

a small number through TDM cascading optical fibers.

The optical interface numbers must also correspond to the optical interfaces. In the case

of any error, the TDM cascading service fails. The switchover of TDM cascading frames

or switching network may even occur, which affects the normal operation of the

UMG8900 greatly.



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Figure 1-3 SSM-256 and SSM-32 mixed cascading

For the SSM-256 and SSM-32 mixed cascading, up to 29 frames can be cascaded for the

TDM services.

Pay attention to the following for the TDM cascading:

The TNU/TNB/TNC inserted in the slots with large numbers must connect to the

TNU/TNB/TNC or the BLU inserted in the slots with large numbers through TDM

cascading optical fibers, while the TNU/TNB/TNC inserted in the slots with small

numbers must connect to the TNU/TNB/TNC or the BLU inserted in the slots with small

numbers through TDM cascading optical fibers.

The optical interface numbers must correspond to the optical interfaces. If a wrong slot

or optical interface is connected with the cascading fiber, the TDM cascading service

fails. The switchover of TDM cascading frames or switching network may even occur,

which affects the normal operation of the devices greatly.

In the case of TDM cascading with the SSM-256 frame through the BLU, restrictions are

set down for the specifications of the TNU and BLU. That is, the 4-optical interface TNB

can only be cascaded with the UG02BLU/FLU or with the TNB/TNC, while the

3-optical interface TNU can only be cascaded to the UG01BLU/FLU or the TNU.

The TNC can be cascaded with only the TNB or the UG02BLU.

The SSM-256 frame number ranges from 0 to 15. The TNU and TNB numbers must be

consistent with the frame numbers. The board number can be only 0 to15. Therefore, the TNU

and TNB can be installed only in the frames numbered between 0 and 15.



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Similar to SSM-32 self-cascading, pay attention to the following in SSM-160 self-cascading:

The TND inserted in the slot with a large number must connect to the TND inserted in

the slot with a large number through TDM cascading optical fibers; the TND inserted in

the slot with a small number must connect to the TND inserted in the slot with a small

number through TDM cascading optical fibers.

The optical interface numbers must also correspond to the optical interfaces. In the case

of any error, the TDM cascading service fails. The switchover of TDM cascading frames

or switching networks may even occur, which affects the normal operation of the

UMG8900 greatly.



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2 Related Configuration 2.1 Configuration for TDM Cascading

The TDM cascading can be set during adding the frames by running the ADD FRM

command. The TDM cascading configuration can be modified by running the MOD FRM

command after the frames are added. For the SSM-160 frame, only ADD FRM can be used to

modify the TDM cascading configuration.

Note the following during the configuration:

Frame 1 is the default main control frame, which cannot be added or deleted.

Frame 0 and frame 1 can both serve as the central switching frame, but not concurrently.

In the case of a single frame configuration by default, frame 1 serves as the main control

frame and the central switching frame; after frame 0 is added as the central switching

frame, frame 1 and frame 0 are directly cascaded with each other by default.

Note that the GE cascading needs to be configured by running the MOD FRM command

if frame 1 is an SSM-32 frame. For example:

ADD FRM: FN=0, FV=SSM256, FT=SWITCH, SHF=0, LOC=BOTTOM, FNM="Central Switching

Frame", FD="Central Switching Frame";

MOD FRM: FN=1, CN=DIRECT, GECAS=YES, GELSN=NLU4, TDMCAS=YES, TDMPORT0=0, SHF=0,

LOC=MIDDLE;

Cascading Board No. can be a BLU board number or DIRECT. Only the service

frames have the cascading board numbers. When the service frames are cascaded

through the BLU, the cascading board number is the board number of the BLU

connecting the service frame to the central switching frame in the case of multi-frame

cascading. If the cascading is not realized through the BLU, direct connection is selected

for the cascading board number.

When the service frames are cascaded through the BLU, a pair of BLUs can only link

four SSM-32 frames or one SSM-256 frame. These two kinds of frames cannot be

connected to the same pair of BLUs simultaneously.

When the service frames are directly cascaded, a pair of TNUs can only be connected to

one SSM-256 frame; a pair of TNBs can only be connected to four SSM-32 frames or

one SSM-256 frame. In the case of SSM-32 self-cascading, a pair of 2-optical interface

TNCs can be connected to two SSM-32 subframes; in the case of direct connection, a

pair of BLUs or NETs can only be connected to one frame with the GE cascading.

The extended control frame must be and can only be configured in frame 8.

An SSM-32 frame cannot be configured as the central switching frame.



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When an SSM-256 frame is cascaded as a subframe, you cannot set the TDM cascading

capacity. That is, you cannot set the parameters of TDM cascading optical interface 0 or

1.

In the SSM-160 self-networking, the TDM cascading capability between the SSM-160

frames can only be specified though ADD FRM. For example, if two frames are added,

the TDM cascading capability between the SSM-160 frames is 32 K.

ADD FRM: FN=2, FV=SSM160, CN=DIRECT, BAND=GE2TDM32, SHF=0,

LOC=BOTTOM;

For details, refer to online help of MML commands.



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3 Troubleshooting The faults related to cascading are about the cascading channel failure. After the cascading

channel failure is detected by a certain detection mechanism, related alarms are reported. In

case of a fault on the master channel, the system starts the switchover mechanism to switch

the slave channel to the master one to ensure normal operation of the master channel.

Fault Symptom

In the case of the cascading channel failure, the alarm subsystem may report "ALM-0807

Cascading optical interface failure", "ALM-0821 Cascading optical check data failure",

"ALM-0814 Fault of Switch CHIP", "ALM-0815 Cascading control logic failure",

"ALM-0817 Cascading configuration inconsistent or improper", "ALM-0818 Cascading link

connection not matching", "ALM-0819 Cascading link connection error", "ALM-0822 TNU

SERDES abnormal", "ALM-0824 No cascading subboard in position", "ALM-0825

Cascading 98M clock signal abnormal", "ALM-0826 Backplane clock status abnormal",

"ALM-0827 TNU 388915 phase-lock status abnormal", "ALM-0829 Board 8611 chip failure",

"ALM-0831 ILC lost synchronization failure", or "ALM-0842 Severe bit error of TDM

switching network board."

The main alarms relating to the cascading channel failure are:

ALM-0807 Cascading optical interface failure: possible fault of the cascading optical

interface

ALM-0814 Fault of Switch CHIP and ALM-0829 Board 8611 chip failure: possible fault

of the switching chip

ALM-0817 Cascading configuration inconsistent or improper, ALM-0818 Cascading

link connection not matching, and ALM-0819 Cascading link connection error: possible

inconsistency of the cascading link connection with the configuration

ALM-0821 Cascading optical check data failure: possible fault of the cascading optical

interface data

ALM-0822 TNU SERDES abnormal: possible failure in the serial-to-parallel conversion

of the TDM cascading data on the TNC

ALM-0824 No cascading subboard in position: TDM cascading subboard possibly not in

position

ALM-0842 Severe bit error of TDM switching network board: possible error code on the

TDM cascading path



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ALM-0825 Cascading 98M clock signal abnormal, ALM-0826 Backplane clock status

abnormal, and ALM-0827 TNU 388915 phase-lock status abnormal: possible fault of the

clock relating to the TDM cascading

Fault Analysis

There are many possible causes for the cascading channel failure. The causes include resetting

of the peer cascading board of the TDM cascading channel, the TDM fiber aging or fiber

breaking or loosening, TDM cascading error code, an unmatched TDM optical module, and

failure in related components for the TDM cascading service. The causes must be identified

according to the actual conditions on the site. You can solve the problems as per the steps

described as follows.

Troubleshooting

1. When the peer cascading board is reset, the local end may report "ALM-0807 Cascading optical interface failure", "ALM-0842 Severe bit error of TDM switching network board", or

"ALM-0822 TNU SERDES abnormal" on the failure in the cascading channel. If the local

end runs normally, the cause for the resetting of the peer cascading board needs to be

identified. If the problem cannot be solved, proceed to the next step.

2. Check whether the fiber is connected properly to the right board. If not, "ALM-0819 Cascading link connection error" is reported. This problem is caused by wrong physical

connection. That is, one end of the fiber is connected to a board inserted in the slot with a

small number, while the other end is connected to a board inserted in the slot with a large

number. In this case, you need to re-connect the cascading fiber. The two ends of the fiber

must be connected to the boards inserted in the same kind of slots. If the problem cannot be

solved, proceed to the next step.

3. Replace the TDM cascading fiber in case the TDM cascading fiber breaks down. If the problem cannot be solved, proceed to the next step.

4. Check whether the TDM optical modules match with each other. You can check whether the information about the optical modules on both ends of the fiber is consistent by running the

LST OPTINFO command. If the information is inconsistent, you need to replace the optical

modules or board; if it is consistent, proceed to the next step for further identification of the

causes.

5. Insert the cascading subboard firmly in case the cascading subboard may be loose. If the problem cannot be solved, proceed to the next step.

6. Check whether the clock in the system fails. For this purpose, you can refer to the documents relating to identification of the system clock problems. If the problem cannot be solved,

proceed to the next step.

In the case of "ALM-0807 Cascading optical interface failure", "ALM-0821 Cascading

optical check data failure", "ALM-0822 TNU SERDES abnormal" (the "Serdes number" in

the alarm parameters is 0), or "ALM-0842 Severe bit error of TDM switching network board"

(the "detected position" in the alarm parameters is error code counter), the optical interface of

the failed end is detected through fiber loopback as these alarms detect the signals received

from the cascading fiber. Check whether the fault can be cleared. If the fault can be cleared,

the failure is caused by the fault at the peer end and then you can handle the fault in the same

way as described previously; if not, the failure is caused by the fault at the local end and thus

you need to replace the board or cascading subboard at the local end. If the problem cannot be

solved, proceed to the next step.



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7. In the case of "ALM-0814 Fault of Switch Chip", "ALM-0829 Board 8611 chip failure", "ALM-0817 Cascading configuration inconsistent or improper", "ALM-0815 Cascading

control logic failure", "ALM-0825 Cascading 98M clock signal abnormal", "ALM-0818

Cascading link connection not matching", "ALM-0826 Backplane clock status abnormal",

"ALM-0827 TNU 388915 phase-lock status abnormal", "ALM-0822 TNU SERDES

abnormal" (the "Serdes number" in the alarm parameters is not 0), "ALM-0824 No cascading

subboard in position", "ALM-0831 ILC lost synchronization failure", or "ALM-0842 Severe

bit error of TDM switching network board" (the "detected position" in the alarm parameters is

not error code counter), check whether the fault can be solved through board resetting as the

data flow on the failure detection point depends on the chip rather than the signals from the

fiber. If the fault cannot be cleared, you need to replace the board.

----End



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A Acronyms and Abbreviations TIM Trace identifier mismatch



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UMG8900-TDM-Guide for Troubleshooting Faults Related to Cascading

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