Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency 5G Communication€¦ · Waveform – LTE to NR NR ›Conventional...

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Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency 5G Communication | EuCNC'16 | © Ericsson 2016 | 29.06.2016 | Page 1

Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency (urllc) 5G Communication

Presenter: Osman N. C. Yilmaz

Senior Researcher, Ericsson Research, Finland

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Industrial transformation and 5G USE CASES

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wireless access generations

The foundation of

mobile telephony

The foundation of

mobile broadband

Mobile telephony

for everyone

The evolution of

mobile broadband

Non-limiting access

anywhere, anytime,

anyone, anything

~1980 ~1990 ~2000 ~2010 ~2020

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Transformed

Industries Traditional Industries

Devices Applications

Network

Digitize & Mobilize

Cloud

Transformation

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5G – classes of use cases

LOW COST, LOW ENERGY

SMALL DATA VOLUMES

MASSIVE NUMBERS

ULTRA RELIABLE

VERY LOW LATENCY

VERY HIGH AVAILABILITY

Critical MTC

TRAFFIC SAFETY & CONTROL

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION

& CONTROL

REMOTE

MANUFACTURING,

TRAINING, SURGERY

Massive MTC

CAPILLARY NETWORKS

LOGISTICS, TRACKING AND FLEET MANAGEMENT

SMART

AGRICULTURE

SMART BUILDING

SMART

METER

Enhanced Broadband

SMARTPHONES

4K/8K UHD, BROADCASTING, VR/AR

HOME, ENTERPRISE, VENUES,

MOBILE/WIRELESS/FIXED

NON-SIM

DEVICES

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URLLC REQUIREMENTS

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› Latency, which refers to the time delay between data being

generated and transmitted from one device (e.g., a sensor),

and the same data being correctly received by another device

(e.g., an actuator),

Dimensions of Requirements

› Reliability, which refers to the capability of guaranteeing a

successful message transmission within a defined latency

budget, .

› Availability, which refers to the system endurance against

possible outage scenarios.

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Diversity of requirements

Factory Automation

≤ 1 ms

Motion Control

≤ 1 ms

Smart Grid

3-5 ms

Process Automation

100 ms

Intelligent Transportation Systems

5 ms

Tactile Internet

1 ms

Automated Guided Vehicle

15-20 ms

Numbers are examples, requirements vary within one application area

Remote Control

5-100 ms

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Transmitter

Sensor

Actuator

Controller 100 µs

transmission time

• 100 µs transmission time (i.e. 10th of the end-to-end delay budget) • Guarantee for successful in-time delivery (reliability)

1 ms total latency

Device processing Base station & controller processing

Receiver

Base Station

LATENCY Example: Factory Automation

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Latencies in 4G LTE today

› Best 10%: 21-43 ms

› Median: 33-75 ms

› Worst 10%: 47-200 ms

4G LTE Ping results in the world (Jan-14 to Apr-15)

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(Ultra-) reliability

› Providing with high level of certainty

that a message is correctly

delivered to the receiver within a

latency bound

› Failure if

– Message is lost

– Message is too late

– Message has residual errors

reliability

latency [ms] Guaranteed

CD

F [

%]

100-e

Focus on the 99.99..9 percentile

95

50

e can be 10-4 – 10-6

or even 10-9 (e.g. factory automation)

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Enabling URLLC

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LTE

› Conventional OFDM

› Fixed numerology

› Uplink DFT precoding for low PAR (enhanced PA efficiency / extended range)

Waveform – LTE to NR

NR

› Conventional OFDM is baseline

› Flexible/scalable numerology (sub-carrier spacing, CP, TTI)

› Windowing for enhanced spectral confinement for uplink and downlink

› Means for low-PAR transmission (e.g. DFT precoding) for uplink and downlink

LTE downlink LTE uplink

NX downlink and uplink

Scalable numerology

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Scalable numerology

Frequency domain

Time domain

Lower-frequency/wide-area

deployments

Higher-frequency deployments

with less time dispersion Millimeter wave

› Larger sub-carrier spacing at higher frequencies Robust to higher phase noise

› Larger CP for lower frequencies To handle larger time dispersion in wide-area deployments

on lower frequencies

› Shorter symbol time at higher frequencies Potential for even lower latency

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NR – Scalable numerology

Sub-carrier spacing 15 kHz 30 kHz 60 kHz 120 kHz

Cyclic prefix (s) 4.7 s 2.4 s 1.2 s 0.6 s

Subframe [ms] 500 s 250 s 125 s 67.5 s

Symbols per

subframe

7 7 7 7

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Cost of Guaranteeing high Reliability

High reliability (e.g. 10-5 – 10-9)

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10

-10

10 -8

10 -6

10 -4

10 -2

10 0

Fading Gain (dB)

CD

F

Rayleigh fading channel

90 dB

50-90 dB fading margin

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-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10

-10

10 -8

10 -6

10 -4

10 -2

10 0

Fading Gain (dB)

CD

F

› Diversity may be obtained through

– spatial diversity, and

– frequency diversity

› Time diversity difficult due to latency

constraint

› Coding needed to fully exploit frequency

and transmit diversity

Redundancy through diversity

Diversity is key for ultra-reliable communications

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 10

-10

10 -8

10 -6

10 -4

10 -2

10 0

Fading Gain (dB)

CD

F

Div Order = 1

Div Order = 2

Div Order = 4

Div Order = 8

Div Order = 16

18 dB

90 dB

Rayleigh fading channel

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› Coding scheme

– Block code for packets < 10 bits

– Convolutional code for packets up to a few hundred bits

› Code rate

– Rate 1/2 – 1/3 good for performance-bandwidth tradeoff

– Minimum distance needs to be greater than diversity order

› Higher order modulation

– For devices with good SNR for bandwidth efficiency

– Maximum order limited by transmitter and receiver impairments (EVM)

Coding & Modulation

0 1 2 3 4 5 -105

-100

-95

-90

-85

-80

-75

Minimum bandwidth (MHz)

Re

qu

ire

d r

ece

ive

d s

ign

al p

ow

er

(dB

m)

100 bit packet in 0.1 ms, 1x8 antennas

BPSK

QPSK

16QAM

64QAM

256QAM

rate 1

rate 1/2

rate 1/3

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› Latency: access slots ≤0.1 ms

– Frame structure enabling low scheduling latency

– Slot formatting enabling low processing delay and on-the-fly decoding

– No computationally intensive receiver operation

› Traffic handling: support both periodic and sporadic traffic types

– Persistent scheduling for periodic traffic

– Dynamic scheduling or contention-based access for sporadic traffic

– All with high reliability and low latency

Frame Structure

access slot access slot access slot access slot

data arrival

access delay

Ctr

l

Data RS

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› Robust connectivity via coordinated multipoint communication

– via multiple sites

– across multiple frequency layers

› Fallback to other RATs (e.g. LTE)

Multi-Connectivity for high Reliability

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› ICT is an enabler for industry transformation based on digitized processes

– Cellular communications provides ubiquitous connectivity and broad capabilities

– One area is ultra-reliable and low latency communication (or critical machine-type communication)

› Technology components for ultra-reliable and low latency communication

– Diversity in space and frequency and robust coding for reliability

– Frame format for short delay and on-the-fly processing

– Flexible network architecture for service-optimized network design and deployment

– Ultra-reliable wireless transmission within 1 ms latency is possible

› 5G standardization in 3GPP has started

Summary

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› E. Dahlman, G. Mildh, S. Parkvall, J. Peisa, J. Sachs, Y. Selén and J. Sköld, "5G Wireless Access: Requirements and Realization," IEEE Communications

Magazine, vol. 52, no. 12, Dec. 2014.

› Ericsson, “5G - key component of the Networked Society,“ RWS-150009, 3GPP RAN Workshop on 5G Phoenix, AZ, USA, September 17 – 18, 2015 http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/workshop/2015-09-17_18_RAN_5G/Docs/RWS-150009.zip

› O. N. C. Yilmaz, Y.-P. E. Wang, N. A. Johansson, N. Brahmi, S. A. Ashraf and J. Sachs, “Analysis of Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency 5G Communication for a

Factory Automation Use Case,” in IEEE ICC, London, Jun. 2015.

› N. A. Johansson, Y.-P. E. Wang, E. Eriksson and M. Hessler, “Radio Access for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency 5G Communications,” in IEEE ICC, London, Jun.

2015.

› J. Sachs, P. Popovski, A. Höglund, D. Gozalvez-Serrano and P. Fertl, “Machine-Type Communications,” book chapter in “5G Mobile and Wireless Communications

Technology,” ISBN 9781107130098, 2016, www.cambridge.org/9781107130098

› S. A. Ashraf, F. Lindqvist, B. Lindoff, R. Baldemair, "Control Channel Design Trade-offs for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication System", IEEE

Globecom Workshop on Ultra-Low Latency and Ultra-High Reliability in Wireless Communication, San Diego, USA, December, 2015.

› N. Brahmi, O. N. C. Yilmaz, K. W. Helmersson, S. A. Ashraf, J. Torsner, "Deployment Strategies for Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communication in Factory

Automation", IEEE Globecom Workshop on Ultra-Low Latency and Ultra-High Reliability in Wireless Communication, San Diego, USA, December, 2015.

› A. Osseiran, J. Sachs, M. Puleri, ”Manufacturing Rengineered: robots, 5G and the industrial internet, Ericsson Business Review, no. 4, 2015,

https://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/business-review/2015/ebr-issue4-2015-industrial-iot.pdf

› J. Torsner, K. Dovstam, G.Miklós, B. Skubic, G. Mildh, T. Mecklin, J. Sandberg, J. Nyqvist, J. Neander, C. Martinez, B. Zhang, J. Wan, “Industrial RemoteOperation:

5G rises to the challenge,” Ericsson Technology Review, vol. 92, http://www.ericsson.com/res/thecompany/docs/publications/ericsson_review/2015/etr-5g-remote-control.pdf

REferences

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