Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects
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Transcript of Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects
Gennadi MilinevskyGennadi MilinevskyNational Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv National Antarctic Scientific Center of Ukraine, Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, UkraineNational Taras Shevchenko University of Kyiv, Ukraine
[email protected]@uac.gov.ua
Ukraine Antarctic research at Vernadsky station: results and prospects
This work was partly supported by grant INTAS-2001- 0571
Where and what research Ukraine provides in Antarctica?
Task 1. Climate change at Antarctic Peninsula
Task 2. Antarctic ozone hole
Task 3. Sun-Earth energy transfer, space weather
Other research (GPS, GIS, Biology, Medicine)
Priorities of research
Structure:
Task 1:
Climate change at Antarctic Peninsula
Annual mean temperature in 1947-2000 raised up to 2.5С
-9 ,0
-8,0
-7,0
-6,0
-5,0
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
-9,0
-8,0
-7,0
-6,0
-5,0
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Tem
pera
ture
, Co
Air temperature, 1947-2001
Warming in Antarctic Peninsula region
Faraday/Vernadsky temperature, 1947-2001
- temperaturetemperature- pressurepressure- wind speed and directionwind speed and direction- precipitation precipitation - humidityhumidity- snow levelsnow level
Meteorology and climate
Modular Automatic Meteo Station – MAWS:Modular Automatic Meteo Station – MAWS:
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100
111
122
133
144
155
166
177
188
199
210
221
232
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254
265
276
287
298
309
320
331
342
353
364
- 4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
1 12 23 34 45 56 67 78 89 100
111
122
133
144
155
166
177
188
199
210
221
232
243
254
265
276
287
298
309
320
331
342
353
364
S ea w ater tem p era tu re , 2001Te
mpe
ratu
re,
Co
D ays
Sea water temperature anomaly
+4.2 C
Antarctic Peninsula climate changes –
impact on ecosystem
Met Records• Minimum temperature
- 43.3 C 1958• Maximum temperature
+11.8 C 1985 • Maximum gust
78 knots 1991
Deschampcia Antarctica
UV-A and UV-B measurements
The tide gauge for sea level measurements – climate warming
Sea Water Temperature 2003
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
01.0
1.20
03
15.0
1.20
03
29.0
1.20
03
12.0
2.20
03
26.0
2.20
03
12.0
3.20
03
26.0
3.20
03
09.0
4.20
03
23.0
4.20
03
07.0
5.20
03
21.0
5.20
03
04.0
6.20
03
18.0
6.20
03
02.0
7.20
03
16.0
7.20
03
30.0
7.20
03
13.0
8.20
03
27.0
8.20
03
Salinity 2003
29,530
30,531
31,532
32,533
33,534
01.0
1.20
03
15.0
1.20
03
29.0
1.20
03
12.0
2.20
03
26.0
2.20
03
12.0
3.20
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26.0
3.20
03
09.0
4.20
03
23.0
4.20
03
07.0
5.20
03
21.0
5.20
03
04.0
6.20
03
18.0
6.20
03
02.0
7.20
03
16.0
7.20
03
30.0
7.20
03
13.0
8.20
03
27.0
8.20
03
Sea water and salinity measurements atBarchans Islandshydrology site
Galindez Island aerial photograph, December 1956
(BAS, R.Thomas, 1963 )
Ice caps dynamics in Antarctic Peninsula climate change conditions
Galindez ice cap boundaries: Dec 1956 and Jan 2004
Since 1956 the Galindez ice cap area has decreased significantly
1956
2004
West part of
Galindez ice cap
changes
2002
2003
2004
2005
23000 м3
28000 м3
17000 м3
Argentina Islands ice caps: prognosis for the future
If the temperature trend left constant that the ice cap could be discharging within century
This process could be increased due to unique water temperature anomaly observed last years (up to + 4°C)
Task 2:
Antarctic Ozone Hole
Ozone measurements 2002-2003 season
1979 1988 2003
Longitude asymmetry in 1979-2003 is rising
Planetary wave in ozone layer
Displacement to East from 55°W to 0°
Consequence: redistribution of UV radiation at sea level
This changes may influence on regional climate and ecosystem
During 30 years the asymmetry in ozone max and min positions enhanced
Task 3:
Sun-Earth and troposphere-ionosphere
energy transfer,
space weatherprocesses of energy distribution from the Earth
surface to ionosphere height
• Need to understand how solar energy affect the atmosphere and climate
•Solar effects are focused in polar regions
Ionosonde ISP-42 - radar for impulse ionosphere soundings
Height: 0-800 km
Frequency: 1.0-22.6
MHz
Ionosphere soundings
Vernadsky
Boston area
Geomagnetic conjugate regions: Vernadsky – USA East Coast
Channel forenergy transferfrom S-hemisphere toN-hemisphere
Magnetometer LEMI-008 Measurement range Resolution Range I 100 000 nT 10 nT Range II 3 200 nT 0.1 nT
Bandwidth DC 1 Hz
Time of sampling 1s, 2s, 5s, 10 s, 60 s
Extremely low noise level – less than 5 pT at 1 Hz
The geomagnetic micropulsations Pc3 observed simultaneously
at Vernadsky and Boston area
Troposphere Weather –
Space Weather
Drake Passage and Antarctic Peninsula –place for cyclones ~ 50 powerful cyclones annually
Energy propagationfrom surface toionosphere
CyclonCyclonApril 1, 1998April 1, 1998
00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00
-0,2
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Pre
ssu
re, m
Ba
r
UT 4 March 1998
00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00
-20
-10
0
10
20
Hx,
nT
00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00
-30-20-10
01020
Hy,
nT
00:00 01:00 02:00 03:00 04:00 05:00 06:00-8-6-4-20246
4 March 1998"Academic Vernadski"
Filtered from 3h to 30m
Hz,
nT
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150-0,8
-0,6
-0,4
-0,2
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,84 March 199800:00 - 06:00
Corre
lation
Time lag, min
P-Hx
P-Hy
P-Hz
Magnetic field and pressure at Vernadsky
CorrelationAG wavesAG waves
Idea:
1. The severe weather fronts is “projected” on ionosphere 120 km height
2. The delay of magnetic field response - 15-30 minutes (corresponded velocity 10-30 m / s)
3. «Projection» of weather fronts to North hemisphere!
Possible carrier? Atmosphere gravity waves AGW:
Severe troposphere weather front “pull” the AGW
Search of planetary wave propagation to ionosphere heights: E-layer (120 km)
LEMI-112a induction magnetometer
-ELF receiver: two orthogonal search-coil magnetometers
-frequency band 0,1 - 300 Hz
-low noise level – less than 0,03 pT/ at 10 Hz.
F2 layer height long-term changes :
+ - Faraday data, х – Vernadsky data
Greenhouse effect cooling in mesosphere (90 km),
“drop down” of ionosphere layers
in Vernadsky region and adjacent territory of Antarctic Peninsula
Other research: Geodesy survey,
GIS - GPS – gravimetric measurements
Permanent dual-frequency GPS receiver antenna installation at Vernadsky, Antarctica, April 2005
- tectonics
- total electron content
- troposphere humidity
Biology, human biology and medicineBiology, human biology and medicine
HUMAN HUMAN ADAPTATIONADAPTATION
The toxicant XRF-analysis of gentoo penguin feather of Petermann Island colony, Antarctic
Peninsula
“clean” hair
“dirty” hairNi, Cu, Pb, Se, Hg
Cleaning of human bodyCleaning of human bodyduring winterduring winter
XRF-analysis of the metals in the winterers hair
200 400 600 800
K-40
E
Cs-137
M an R ad io nuc lid D inam ic
After w interingBefore w intering
I
After winter the Cs amount in body essentially decreased
Ukrainian winterers have usually increased amount of R/A Cs in body
Conclusion: Priorities of research
• Climate variability study ( ice cap )• Ozone hole (Oz and UV measurements)• Upper atmosphere – Space Weather
GIS of the Vernadsky regionCreation of UA National Antarctic DatabaseProviding the environmental monitoringGeodetic network – neotectonicsResearch equipment development