Ukraine
description
Transcript of Ukraine
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Ukraine
- Means the border- AKA “Little Russia”- Nearly four centuries of
Russian rule developed strong links between the nations
- In 1991 Communism collapsed and Ukraine gained its own independence
- Breadbasket of Eastern Europe
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Fallout from Chernobyl
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400 million people exposed in 20 countries
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Chernobyl’s political fallout
• Stimulated Gorbachev’s glasnost (openness)
• Stimulated nationalism in Ukraine, Belarus, and other republics that lost clean-up workers.
• Growth of environmental opposition
• Questioning of the heart of technocratic power– Soviet leaders were engineers, not lawyers– USSR collapsed within 5 years.
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Radiation and Health
• Health effects as a result of radiation exposure:-increased likelihood of cancer-birth defects including long limbs, brain damage, conjoined stillborn twins-reduced immunity-genetic damage
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3.5 million sick, one/third of them children
8,000 deaths in 14 years
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My grandmother, by Luda
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Death of my life, by Marina
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Chernobyl is war, by Irena
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Beauty and the beast, by Helena
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Nothing escapes radiation, by Irena
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Chernobyl, our hell, by Eugenia
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“It Can’t Happen Here”
• U.S. reaction to Chernobyl, 1986– Blamed on Communism, graphite reactor
• Also Soviet reaction to Three-Mile Island, 1979– Blamed on Capitalism, pressurized-water reactor
• No technology 100% safe– Three-Mile Island bubble almost burst
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Three-Mile Island, PA 1979
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Health around TMI
• In 1979, hundreds of people reported nausea, vomiting, hair loss, and skin rashes. Many pets were reported dead or showed signs of radiation
• Lung cancer, and leukemia rates increased 2 to 10 times in areas within 10 miles downwind
• Farmers received severe monetary losses due to deformities in livestock and crops after the disaster that are still occurring today.
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Plants near TMI
-lack of chlorophyll -deformed leaf patterns -thick, flat, hollow stems -missing reproductive parts -abnormally large
TMI dandelion leaf at right
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Nuclear reaction
• Chain reaction occurs when a Uranium atom splits
• Different reactions– Atomic Bomb in a split second– Nuclear Power Reactor more controlled, cannot
explode like a bomb
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States with nuclear power plant(s)
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Nuclear power around the globe
• 17% of world’s electricity from nuclear power – U.S. about 20% (2nd largest source)
• 431 nuclear plants in 31 countries – 103 of them in the U.S.– Built none since 1970s (Wisconsin as leader). – U.S. firms have exported nukes.– Push from Bush/Cheney for new nukes.
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Technology depends on operators
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Other reactor accidents (besides TMI and Chernobyl)
• 1952 Chalk River, Ontario– Partial core meltdown
• 1957 Windscale, England– Graphite reactor fire contaminates 200 square miles.
• 1975 Browns Ferry, Alabama– Plant caught fire
• 1976 Lubmin, East Germany– Near meltdown of reactor core .
• 1999 Tokaimura, Japan– Nuclear fuel plant spewed high levels of radioactive gas
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Risk of terrorism(new challenge to industry)
9/11 jetpassed nearIndian Point
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• Nuclear energy has no typical pollutants or greenhouse gasses
• Nuclear waste contains high levels of radioactive waste, which are active for hundreds of thousands of years.
Summary Positives and Negatives