UK Quantum Technology Hub for

Sensors and MetrologyProf. Kai Bongs

Workshop on Quantum Sensors for

Fundamental PhysicsOxford 16.10.2018

www.quantumsensors.org

The UK National Quantum TechnologyHub in Sensors and Metrology

12 University partners, NPL and over 200 industry

GOAL: Promote Science to Market

Building a QT Industry

Hub-Related UK QT Ecosystem

102 collaborative projects with industry

69 companies invested money

£75M project value

(in addition to initial £35.5M)

>9 patent applications

>142 Records of invention

50 jobs in industry

Transforming the Knowledge Economy

Impact Example 1: Infrastructure Productivity

Gravity pioneer ISCF project

Impact Example 2: Precision Agriculture

Impact Example 3: Healthcare

Impact Example 5: Corrosion

Our Hub is developing Quantum Sensors for

• Gravity

• Magnetic fields

• Rotation

• Time

• THz radiation

• Quantum light

We believe these open up disruptive market

opportunities with enormous economic potential

What we do

Roadmaps towards £4bn market opportunity

Atoms sensing

GRAVITY GRADIENTS

£1bn

Atoms sensing

TIME £500M

Atoms sensing

GRAVITY£300M

Atoms sensing

MAGNETIC FIELD£1bn

Atoms sensing

ROTATION£500M

Atoms making

QUANTUMLIGHT£100M

Atoms sensing

THz£400M

Atoms based QT platform

NDT

Emerging QT Sensors Ecosystem

TopGaN Quantum Technologies Ltd

Applications

Sensors

Components

Roadmap for Quantum Sensors

Activities and Links

Supply chain workpackages

WP1: Lasers/electronicsDoug Paul, GlasgowDouglas.Paul@glasgow.ac.uk

100 kHz diode laserSystem on a Chip

WP2: Atomics packageMark Fromhold, NottinghamMark.Fromhold@nottingham.ac.uk

Atom/ion chipsIntegrated opticsVacuum

WP3: Custom lasersJennifer Hastie, Strathclydejennifer.hastie@strath.ac.uk

Semiconductor disklasersFemtosecond comb

WP4: Systems packageMoataz Attallah, BirminghamM.M.Attallah@bham.ac.uk

Inertial stabilisationOverall package byadd. manufacturing

Anatomy of a quantum sensor

Lasersystems

Integrated optical components

Vacuumchamber

Electronics &computer control

Atom chip

Miniature Standardised Cold Atom Systems

Laser Systems Grating-MOT Miniature Vacuum

3D printed coils

3D printed magnetic shields

Quantum sensor demonstrators

WP5: Gravity sensorsKai Bongs, Birminghamk.bongs@bham.ac.uk

1 nano-g in 10l volumeTowards gravity imager

WP6: Magnetic field sensorsPeter Krüger, NottinghamMark.Fromhold@nottingham.ac.uk

Highest sensitivityFrom magnetic microscopeto large scale

WP7: Rotation sensorsTim Freegarde, Southamptontim.freegarde@soton.ac.uk

200 picoradian/s

WP8: ClocksErling Riis, Strathclydee.riis@strath.ac.uk

1 in 1013 in 1l volume1 in 1016 in 10l volume

WP9: Quantum ImagingVincent Boyer, Birminghamv.boyer@bham.ac.uk

Squeezed light source <20l

Demonstrator: Quantum Gravity Reference/

Transportable gravimeter

Apparatus performance during measurement campaign in Herstmonceux being assessed.

Performance: ~6.6ng in 44min

Able to follow tides

Demonstrator: Quantum Gravity gradiometer

Apparatus has performed initial surveys outside in inclement weather (near 0 degrees)

Performance: seeing the mass of a person next to the sensor head

Demonstrator: Thermal Atomic Cell Magnetometer

• 38 pT.Hz-1/2 sensitivity• 1.2 kHz unity-gain bandwidth (up to 200 kHz sampling rate)• 1.47 W sensor power draw• completely portable compact setup and the ability to actively cancel 50 Hz

mains noise pickup.• The only component in the device that is not currently close to being a

commodity is the atomic vapour cell, where we have unique access to know-how on large-scale production. This is being implemented under IUK support and will feed into the 2019 packaged sensor system.

The demonstrator has successfully been used to sense rf (10-20 MHz) and microwave (12.6 GHz) radiation.

The portable device has been carefully designed in collaboration with a number of industry partners with a number of subsystems currently being developed and it compares favourably in its predicted capabilities to other magnetometers such as vapour cell or NV center devices.

Demonstrator: Ion Array Gradient Magnetometer

Demonstrator: Cold atom magnetic microscopeAchieved:• UHV at room temperature.• 700 pT minimum detectable magnetic field variation• 290 pT/√Hz/μm sensitivity (with averaging)• Spatial resolution of 2.8 μm, • Resolve 7nA current variation transverse to current flow • Dynamic range of ± 70 nT (homogeneous offset field)• Field of view is 1.3mm by 0.1 μm in 1 dimension. • 500 measurements simultaneously. • System weight is 100kg and consumes <1kW.• Unrivalled by any other technique for on silver nanowire

array touch screens.

Demonstrator: MIT imaging system OAMs

- Magnetic field sensitivity of 130fT/\sqrt{Hz} in unshielded environments

- Sensitive detection from 3.5 kHz to 2 MHz (limited by electronics)

- MIT conductivity imaging resolution of 1mm

Demonstrator: Cold atom microwave clock

• A Ramsey line-width of 40 Hz

• A repetition rate of up to 10 Hz

• Code to “lock” microwave source to atomic resonance created

Demonstrator: Portable optical frequency reference: Calcium

- Electronics package and laser system for cooling, detection and generation of ions is on track. But optical shutter missing to achieve target accuracy.- Initial tests of physics package and clock laser delayed

Demonstrator: Miniature optical lattice clock

Trial with Strathclyde lasers in progress

Demonstrator: Compact source for multimode squeezed light

Physical implementation of beam deflection quantum measurement being implemented to build upon simulation results.

Demonstrator Name Current Status Nov.19 Expected

Quantum Gravity Reference / Transportable

gravimeter

Completed 200 µGal/√Hz

Quantum Gravity gradiometer Built/being built <200eotvos/√Hz

Thermal Atomic Cell Magnetometer 3.09 pT/√Hz 1 pT/√Hz

Ion Array Gradient Magnetometer Being built MW: ~10pT/√Hz

Cold atom magnetic microscope 100pT Sensitive to 100pA

MEG demonstrator Built Smaller, more sensitive

MIT imaging system OAMs 102 fT/√Hz 10 fT/√Hz

Cold atom microwave clock Built 3x10-13 /√Hz

Portable optical frequency reference: Ca+ Being built 1x10-14

Miniature optical lattice clock Being built 5×10−16

Compact source for multimode squeezed

light

-3dB -6dB (intensity difference)

Cold atom sourceComponent

development

Packaged source and

grating MOT

Rotation Not applicable Not applicable

Market Building

UK network

Foster Dialogue

Knowledge Transfer

Demonstration activities

WP10: Market BuildingCostas Constantinou, BirminghamC.Constantinou@bham.ac.uk

Martin Dawson, Fraunhofer UKm.dawson@strath.ac.uk

WP11: Gravity in Civil Eng.Nicole Metje, Birminghamn.metje@bham.ac.uk

First wearable brain scanner

A wearable brain scanner that can be fitted on moving people was developed by

colleagues at the University of Nottingham and University College London as part of

a research project funded by Wellcome. The scanner allows researchers to measure

brain activity in people doing normal tasks, helping to detect and monitor diseases.

This project built on research undertaken by the

Quantum Technology Hub for Sensors and

Metrology’s Magnetometry work package, and

has been allocated a portion of the Hub’s

Partnership Resource Fund.

Paul John (e2V): “Do not throw your research over the wall”

Challenge: Systems Innovation

Sensor Navigation

SystemVehicle Regulatory

Framework

Hub Strategy“Disruptive Innovation Triangle”

Technology

Research User Challenges

Research to

Demonstrate

Benefits

Systems Engineering / Thinking

ChallengeEconomic &

Social Impact

Systems Engineering / Thinking

Embedded within the Hub

Fundamental and Quantum Physics in Birmingham

Particle

Physics

Gravitational

WavesCold

Atoms

Quantum

Sensors

“Quantum expertise” @ UoB

Our School is active in developing quantum sensing techniques combining expertise from EPSRC- and

STFC-related projects:

Optical clocks

2 setups, 10 staff

Atom interferometers

7 setups, 20 staff

Magnetometers

2 setups, 3 staff

Optical cavitiesOptical

interferometersOpto-mechanics

Quantum light

2 setups, 3 staff

Quantum simulation

4 setups, 5 staff

Quantum state engineering

Particle Physics in Birmingham

… wide ranging activities integrating fundamental

physics objectives with instrumentation development

and knowldedge exchange opportunities

- Long heritage. Alumni include Peierls,

Skyrme, Mandelstam, Dalitz

- Major roles in international collaborations,

including Nobel-prize recognized

discoveries - UA1 (W, Z), ATLAS (Higgs)

- Other past & present experiments include:

H1, OPAL, BaBar, LHCb, NA62, DUNE, RD50,

ILC/CLIC, LHeC, FCC-hh and eh …

60” Nuffield

Cyclotron [1948-1999]

39

- Current group is ~50 people including PhD students

- Recent ATLAS spokesperson (Dave Charlton 2013-2017)

- Incomoing NA62 spokesperson (Cristina Lazzeroni 2019-21)

- Many other prominent roles

Current interests with relevance to Quantum Tech physics

targets:

- Energy frontier (including Dark Matter & Dark Energy

searches at ATLAS / future colliders)

- Flavour physics (including dark photon searches at LHCb and

NA62)

- Direct light Dark Matter searches (Small-scale NEWS-G

experiment).

Particle Physics in Birmingham

Birmingham Instrumentation

Laboratory for Particle physics

and Applications (BILPA)

- 200m2 suite of clean rooms (ISO5 and ISO7)

with extensive wire bonding and metrology

equipment, currently devoted primarily to

silicon detector manufacture and sensor R&D

- Unique radiation hardness characterization

capability through proximity to local MC40

cyclotron (dedicated beamline)

Institute for Gravitational Wave AstronomyTechnology development, instrument research and development, complemented by a broad programme on observations (LIGO, LISA, Pulsar Timing), compact object astrophysics and general relativity.

Instrumentation for LIGO– construction partners in Advanced LIGO– work package lead in ‘A+’ upgrades– core equipment and novel technologies

Instrumentation for LISA Pathfinder– long heritage of building space instrumentation– provided flight phase meter and support for optical bench

Optical design of large facilities– work package lead for Advanced Virgo optical design– work package lead for Einstein Telescope interferometer design– optical design support for MIGA (Matter wave interferometric GW antenna)

Technology development– Table-top scale experiments, demonstration of new technologies, two

examples on next slides

Development for a variety of applications

– Gravitational-wave detection

– Precision metrology

– Inertial sensing

Ultra-Stable Platforms

Transferring quantum-noise limited

measurement to mechanical stability

– Compact interferometers for

displacement and inertial sensing

– Ground-based “drag-free” control around

a single proof-mass

– Optimising active isolation with sensor

fusion and MIMO control

Experiment to reach the

Standard Quantum Limit (SQL)

Quantum Limit of Interferometry

Beyond the SQL: A unified theoretical framework of different

quantum techniques based upon the fundamental quantum

limit (FQL) and numerical simulation of realistic

interferometers using FINESSE.

SQL FQLHeisenberg

limit

optical loss

limit

output

filtering

input

filtering

intra-cavity

filtering

with

optical lo

ss

Einstein Telescope (ET)

• 2010 ET conceptual design completed

• 2018 Forming the ET collaboration

• 2019 ESFRI roadmap

• 2021-2022 Site Selection

• 2023 Full Technical Design

• 2025 Infrastructure realisation start (excavation, ….)

• 2032+: installation / commissioning / operation

The Einstein Telescope is the vision for a European GW Observatory, a large

underground facility with a 50+ years lifespan, expected to host a number of

different experiment/technologies.

Recent investment (10+ M€) for pathfinder projects near the two main site

candidates (Italy, Netherlands), the roadmap:

Quantum Sensor enabled Fundamental Physics

Our range of expertise in quantum sensing enables new opportunities:

Clocks Magnetometers

Atom interferometers

Opto-Mechanics

Optical cavities

Optical interferometers

Quantum simulation

Spatial variation of fundamental constants

X

Tests of QED X X X

Exotic spin dependent interactions

X X X

Dark Matter (including axion, dark photons)

X X X X X

General relativity and gravitation

X X X

Lorentz symmetry tests X X

OtherQuantum enhanced metrology

Entangled statesSqueezing generation

Hawking radiationString breaking in QCD

We are fully supportive of the Quantum Sensors for Fundamental Physics Initiative

- Sensors- Technologies- Space

Please talk to us