University of Continue Training Djelfa Centre

First English Exam 1st Year Management stream, Tuesday February 29th 2011.

Activity one   : f ill in the gaps using the suitable article or pronoun :

Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, …1... legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. Gradual liberalization since …2…. mid-1990s has opened up more of the economy, but in recent years Algeria has imposed new restrictions on foreign involvement in …3..…. economy and largely halted the privatization of state-owned industries.

Hydrocarbons have long been the backbone of the economy, accounting for roughly 60% of budget revenues, 30% of GDP, and over 95% of export earnings. Algeria has the eighth-largest reserves of natural gas in …4…. world and is …5…. fourth-largest gas exporter. It ranks 16th in oil reserves. Thanks to strong hydrocarbon revenues, Algeria has …6..… cushion of $150 billion in foreign currency reserves and …7..… large hydrocarbon stabilization fund. In addition, Algeria's external debt is extremely low at about 1% of GDP.

Algeria has struggled to develop industries outside of hydrocarbons in part because of high costs and …8..…. inert state bureaucracy. The government's efforts to diversify …9…. economy by attracting foreign and domestic investment outside the energy sector have done little to reduce high poverty and youth unemployment rates.

In 2010, Algeria began …10.... five-year, $286 billion development program to update the country's infrastructure and provide jobs. The costly program will boost Algeria's economy in 2011 but worsen …11..… country's budget deficit. Long-term economic challenges include diversification from hydrocarbons, relaxing state control of …12….. economy, and providing adequate jobs for younger Algerians.

Activity two :1-What tenses are used in the underlined phrases ?

2- Give a suitable title to the text .

Good Luck

mtselt@hotmail.com

University of Continue Training Djelfa Centre

First English Exam 1st Year Accounting +3rd year Management, Sunday February 27th 2011.

Activity one   : f ill in the gaps using the suitable article or pronoun :

Algeria obtained ...1.... independence in 1962. Before this time the economy of Algeria was largely based on agriculture. During ...2.... 1960s and 1970s oil revenues began to rise dramatically and thus the government shifted its economic sights to the oil industry. Extensive industrialization took place and the economy flourished. Unfortunately oil prices dropped in ...3.... 1980s, negatively impacting on Algeria's economy which had become almost completely dependent on oil.

Today ...4... hydrocarbons sector remains the principle industry of Algeria's economy. Algeria is currently the world's second biggest exporter of gas and it possesses the world's fifth largest natural gas reserves. The hydrocarbons sector makes up approximately 52% of budget revenues, 95% of the country's export earnings and 25% of the GDP (gross domestic product). Despite efforts to diversify ...5... Algerian economy, the government has not been able to do much about unemployment or raise the population's living standards.

Although agriculture doesn't play as large ..6.... role in Algeria's economy as it did in the past, ....7.... is still an important sector for the country. Around ....8.... quarter of Algeria's population is involved in this sector. Over 30,000kms of Algeria's land is used in cereal grain farming, which takes place chiefly in the Tell region. ...9..... main crops are wheat, oats and barley whilst many citrus fruits are also exported. Fishing forms ...10.... small percentage of the economy. Fresh fish such as bonito, sprat and smelt are sent to France whilst preserved fish are exported to Italy and Spain.

The government is working hard to improve Algeria's economy and, at ....11... same time, the situation of its people. With increased foreign interest and investment ....12.... country can look forward to growth in the future, particularly as the economy becomes more diversified.

Activity two: 1-What tenses are used in the underlined phrases?

2- Give a suitable title to the text.

Activity Three: (For the 3 rd year Management):

How can the web search engine Google help you in your studies? Write a paragraph.

Good Luck

mtselt@hotmail.com