UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 · LinuxCon Europe UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 Session 4...
Transcript of UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 · LinuxCon Europe UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 Session 4...
![Page 1: UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 · LinuxCon Europe UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 Session 4 –Goodbye PXE, Hello HTTP Boot Dong Wei, HP](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050504/5f95f84bcb75e706836d71a0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
LinuxCon EuropeUEFI Mini-Summit
7 October 2015
Session 4 – Goodbye PXE, Hello
HTTP Boot
Dong Wei, HP
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in
the Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 2LinuxCon EU 2015
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in the
Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 3LinuxCon EU 2015
![Page 4: UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 · LinuxCon Europe UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 Session 4 –Goodbye PXE, Hello HTTP Boot Dong Wei, HP](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050504/5f95f84bcb75e706836d71a0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Firmware Challenges In The
Data Center
www.uefi.org 4LinuxCon EU 2015
Bare Metal
Provisioning
Firmware
Updates
Firmware
Configuration
Security Eco-systemAutomation Scalability
Deployment
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The UEFI Solution
www.uefi.org 5LinuxCon EU 2015
Bare Metal
Provisioning
Firmware
Updates
Firmware
Configuration
• Pre-Boot networking
• IPv4, IPv6 TCP/UDP
• PXE, iSCSI, HTTP,
FTP
• Firmware
Management Protocol
• Capsule updates
• Human Interface Infrastructure (HII)
• Platform-To-Driver Configuration (CLP)
• REST Protocol
• Boot device selection
• Boot order control
• OS install & recovery
• UEFI Shell
• Scripting language
Automation
• New hardware abstraction with
UEFI protocols
• UEFI driver model
• UEFI device pathScalability
Deployment
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The UEFI Solution
www.uefi.org 6LinuxCon EU 2015
• Standards (UEFI Forum)
• Compliance: Self Certification Test (SCT), Linux* UEFI Validation (LUV)
• Open source code (EDK2 - http://tianocore.org)
• Ubiquitous vendor support (OEMs, ISVs, IHVs, OSVs)
Security
Eco-system
• Secure Boot and driver signing
• Security technologies (OpenSSL®, RNG, etc…)
• Encrypted disks and key management
• Interoperability with TCG standards
UEFI offers solutions to today’s data center firmware challenges
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Data Center Manageability
Interface Requirements
• Use security best practices
• Support modern architectures– Describe modern architectures (multi-node servers)
– UEFI-aware (boot order selection, Secure Boot)
• Scaling – Scale-out servers usage model drastically different
from traditional/enterprise servers
– Management complexities grow exponentially
• Interoperability for “OEM
extensions”
www.uefi.org 7LinuxCon EU 2015
Today’s Data Center Manageability Interfaces do not meet all of these needs
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in the
Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 8LinuxCon EU 2015
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PXE Boot Challenges
• Preboot eXecution Environment
• Security Issues
– Only physical. No encryption or authentication.
– Rouge DHCP servers, man-in-the-middle attacks
• Scaling issues
– Circa 1998
– TFTP timeouts / UDP packet loss
– Download time = deployment time = $$$
– Aggravated in density-optimized data centers
• OEMs and users workarounds
– Chain-load 3rd party boot loaders (iPXE, mini-OS)
www.uefi.org 9LinuxCon EU 2015
PXE is not keeping up with modern data center requirements
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iPXE (http://ipxe.org)
Before UEFI 2.5
• Open-source PXE client and bootloader
– Required chain loading (PXE boot to iPXE then run iPXE to
HTTP download)
• Adds support of HTTP Boot:
– Used to only work with traditional BIOS, users have to choose between
HTTP Boot and UEFI Secure Boot
– Used to only provides low-level SNP interface (no HTTP Boot) in UEFI
– Recently “the iPXE UEFI vision has mostly been implemented”
– Not part of the UEFI standard
• iPXE UEFI vision– “Provide the same advanced features within the UEFI environment as are currently
provided within the Traditional BIOS environment” - http://ipxe.org/efi/vision
www.uefi.org 10LinuxCon EU 2015
Why not solve the PXE boot challenges natively in a standard way in UEFI?
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Network Stack In UEFI v2.4
www.uefi.org 11LinuxCon EU 2015
www.uefi.org
MNP
SNP
UNDI / NII
IP4Config
TCP4
UDP4
ARP
IP4
iSCSI4IPv4 PXE IPv6 PXE
Ping IfConfig
TCP6
UDP6
IP6
IP6Config
Ping6 IfConfig6
DHCP4 DHCP6MTFTP4 MTFTP6FTP4
IPSec
iSCSI6
EAPVLAN
VLANConfig
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Network Stack In UEFI v2.5
•Builds on top of UEFI 2.4
•DNS (IPv4 / IPv6)
•HTTP (IPv4 / IPv6)
•TLS (for HTTPs)
•HTTP Boot Wire Protocol
•Bluetooth® technology
•Wi-Fi*
www.uefi.org 12LinuxCon EU 2015
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UEFI Native HTTP Boot
www.uefi.org 13LinuxCon EU 2015
HTTP Boot Wire Protocol• Boot from a URL
• Target can be:
1. EFI Network Boot Program (NBP)
2. Shrink-wrapped ISO image
• URL pre-configured or auto-discovered (DHCP)
Addresses PXE issues• HTTPs addresses security
• TCP reliability
• HTTP load balancing
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HTTP Boot DHCP Discovery
• HTTP Boot DHCP Discovery
– New HTTP Boot “Architectural Types” to distinguish from PXE
– Client sends DHCP Discover request
– DHCP Server responds with offer that includes the boot file URL
– Clients resolves URL server name from DNS
– Client downloads boot image from HTTP server using HTTP(s)
www.uefi.org 14LinuxCon EU 2015
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RAM Disk Standard
• UEFI 2.5 defined RAM Disk device path nodes
- Standard access to a RAM Disk in UEFI
- Supports Virtual Disk and Virtual CD (ISO image) in persistent or
volatile memory
• ACPI 6.0 NVDIMM Firmware Interface Table (NFIT)
- Describe the RAM Disks to the OS
- Runtime access of the ISO boot image in memory
www.uefi.org 15LinuxCon EU 2015
HTTP Boot is the emerging solution for modern data centers.
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iPXE After UEFI 2.5
• Open-source HTTP client and bootloader
– Still requires chain loading (HTTP boot to iPXE then
run iPXE to HTTP download)
• Application note on using UEFI HTTP Boot to
chain load into iPXE (courtesy of Michael
Brown)
– http://ipxe.org/appnote/uefihttp
www.uefi.org 16LinuxCon EU 2015
Options to address the PXE challenges:
Native UEFI HTTP Boot , iPXE using UEFI HTTP
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in the
Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 17LinuxCon EU 2015
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UEFI Shell
• UEFI Pre-boot command line interface (CLI)
– Much like DOS* or Linux*/Unix* Shell environment
• Interactive prompt and scriptable
• Built-in commands
– Standard Commands: File manipulations, driver management,
device access, scripting control, system information, basic network
operations
– Extensible: OEMs can provide value-add commands
• Can be embedded as a boot option or bootable from storage
• Fully documented
– Latest UEFI Shell Specification v2.1
www.uefi.org 18LinuxCon EU 2015
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UEFI Shell Standard
Commands
www.uefi.org 19LinuxCon EU 2015
Scripting
File
Operations
Debug
and Test
• echo, stall, set, shift, pause, parse, if / else /
endif, for/endfor, reset, exit, cls
• startup.nsh auto-start script
• Parsable comma-separated output (-sfo)
• dir cd, md, rd, mv, copy, del, type, edit,
touch, attrib, setsize, comp, compress
• Read/Write files (FAT/FAT32)
• Console/file redirection and piping
• UEFI Drivers Debug: load, unload,
connect, disconnect, drivers, devices,
devtree, dh, openinfo
• System debug: memmap, dmem,
smbiosview, pci, dblk
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in the
Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 20LinuxCon EU 2015
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Data Center Manageability
Interface Requirements
• Use security best practices
• Support modern architectures
• Scaling
• Interoperability for “OEM extensions”
www.uefi.org 21LinuxCon EU 2015
Today’s Data Center Manageability Interfaces do not meet all of these needs
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Redfish
Architectural successor to previous
manageability interfaces (e.g., IPMI)
• Industry Standard– DMTF* Scalable Platforms Management Forum (SPMF)
– www.dmtf.org/standards/redfish
– Specification, schema, mockup, whitepaper, FAQ, resource browser
• RESTful interface over HTTPs– JSON format
– Secure (HTTPs)
– Multi-node and aggregated rack-level servers capable
– Schema-backed, human readable output
www.uefi.org 22LinuxCon EU 2015
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Redfish Data Model
• Root of service
“/redfish/v1”
• Each resource has a type
– Versioned schema
– Meta-data
– OEM extensions
• Collections to describe
versatile server hardware
architectures
– Stand-alone
– Multi-node
– Rack-level
aggregated
www.uefi.org 23LinuxCon EU 2015
/redfish/v1
Service Root
/redfish/v1/Systems
Collection of Systems(Logical view)
/redfish/v1/Chassis
Collection of Chassis(Physical view)
/redfish/v1/Systems/<id>
Server Information
/redfish/v1/Chassis/<id>
Chassis Information
Power
Thermal
Processor
Session
NICs
/redfish/v1/Managers
Collection of Managers(BMC)
/redfish/v1/Managers/<id>
BMC Information
Log Services
Virtual Media Boot Order
Accounts
Schema
Events
Serial Console
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UEFI REST Protocol
• New in UEFI v2.5
• Standard pre-boot in-band access to a RESTful API, like Redfish
• Abstracts BMC-specific access methods (proprietary)
www.uefi.org 24LinuxCon EU 2015
RESTful resources
EFI_REST_PROTOCOL
BMC specific in-band access
REST service
In-b
an
d a
cce
ss
Ou
t-o
f-b
an
d a
cce
ss
UEFI EnvironmentBMC
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in the
Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 25LinuxCon EU 2015
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UEFI Deployment Solution
On HP* ProLiant* Servers
www.uefi.org 26LinuxCon EU 2015
• UEFI Network Stack Extensions- HTTP, FTP, DNS
- “Boot from URL” to EFI file or ISO image
- UEFI iSCSI Software Initiator
• HP RESTful API - Accessible in-band (from OS) or out-of-band
(iLO4* HTTPs)
- HP* OEM extensions including support for
UEFI BIOS configuration
• Embedded UEFI Shell- Built into the system firmware
- HP value-add commands for bare-
metal deployment
- Startup script loading from media
or network location
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UEFI Deployment Solution
On HP* ProLiant* Servers
www.uefi.org 27LinuxCon EU 2015
LAN / WAN / Cloud
DHCP Server DNS Server
HTTP Server
FTP ServerHP Embedded UEFI Shell
HP UEFI Pre-Boot UI
Management Network
iLO4*
HTTP
FTP
Out-of-band
RESTful API
(HTTPs)
HP* ProLiant* Gen9 Servers
with UEFI Network Deployment
UID
ProLiant
DL380
Gen9
UID
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
SIDUID1
ProLiant
DL360
Gen9
UID
ProLiant
DL380
Gen9
UID
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 2 3 4 5 6 7 81 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
ProLiant
DL180
Gen9
UID
UEFI network
stack
HTTPs
Console and Virtual Media
(USB*, Keyboard, Mouse)In-band
RESTful API
Boot ISO
Tools &
Scripts
RAM Disk RAM Disk RAM Disk
Deployment Assets
Tools &
Scripts
UEFI Shell
startup
script
Boot ISO
Config
Management Clients
(Remote Console, RESTful tools, etc...)
UEFI Shell
startup
script
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Embedded UEFI Shell HP*
Commands• HP* value-add commands for bare-metal
deployment• ramdisk : Provision memory disks and mount ISO files
• webclient and ftp : Scriptable network download/upload
• restclient: In-band client for the HP RESTful API
• sysconfig : Configuration CLI (integrates with HP* RESTful API)
• secboot : Secure Boot management (physical presence)
• boot : Transition to OS/boot targets without rebooting
• sysinfo : System hardware/firmware inventory
• fwupdate : Firmware updates
• compress : ZIP/UNZIP archives
• ifconfig : UEFI network stack configuration
• Commands to collect server service/troubleshooting logs
www.uefi.org 28LinuxCon EU 2015
webclient
ftp
ramdisk
boot compress
sysconfig
sysinfo
fwupdate
secboot
ifconfig
restclient
Logs download
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HP* RESTful API
• HP* RESTful API in iLO4*
–Modern management API for HP
ProLiant* and Moonshot servers
–Comprehensive inventory and
server configuration
–Conformance with Redfish 1.0
• Integrated with UEFI
–UEFI BIOS settings configuration
–UEFI Boot Order and Secure Boot
configuration
–UEFI iSCSI Software Initiator
configuration
www.uefi.org 29LinuxCon EU 2015
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HP* RESTful API Example:
UEFI BIOS Settings
www.uefi.org 30LinuxCon EU 2015
GET @ /rest/v1/systems/1/bios
• Get a list of all UEFI BIOS settings (name/values)
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HP* RESTful API Example:
Secure Boot
www.uefi.org 31LinuxCon EU 2015
GET @ /rest/v1/systems/1/secureboot
• Enable/Disable Secure Boot• Reset all Secure Boot variables
to defaults• Clear all keys (Setup Mode)
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Sample Configuration
Script Using HPREST Tool
www.uefi.org 32LinuxCon EU 2015
# Login to iLO
hprest login https://clientilo.domain.com -u username -p password
# Configure UEFI network settings (Use Auto and DHCP defaults)
hprest set PreBootNetwork=Auto --selector HpBios.
hprest set Dhcpv4=Enabled
# Configure UEFI Shell startup script from URL
hprest set UefiShellStartup=Enabled
hprest set UefiShellStartupLocation=NetworkLocation
hprest set UefiShellStartupUrl=http://192.168.1.1/deploy/startup.nsh
# Set one-time-boot to Embedded UEFI Shell
hprest set Boot/BootSourceOverrideEnabled=Once --selector ComputerSystem.
hprest set Boot/BootSourceOverrideTarget=UefiShell
# Save and reboot server
hprest commit --reboot=ON
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Sample UEFI Shell
Deployment Script (startup)
www.uefi.org 33LinuxCon EU 2015
# Create FAT32 RAM Disk
ramdisk -c -s 512 -v MYRAMDISK -t F32
FS0:
# Download provisioning OS files from HTTP to RAM Disk
webclient -g http://repo.hp.com/deploy/efilinux.efi
webclient -g http://repo.hp.com/deploy/deploy.kernel
webclient -g http://repo.hp.com/deploy/deploy.ramdisk
# Start provisioning OS
efilinux.efi -f deploy.kernel initrd=deploy.ramdisk
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Agenda
• Challenges of Firmware in the
Data Center
• PXE and HTTP Boot
• UEFI Shell Scripting
• Data Center Manageability:
Redfish and REST APIs
• Putting it all together: HP*
ProLiant* Servers
• Summary and Q&A
www.uefi.org 34LinuxCon EU 2015
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Summary
www.uefi.org 35LinuxCon EU 2015
• UEFI 2.5 HTTP Boot bridges the gaps of
network boot in the data center
• Redfish is emerging RESTful management API
to address modern data center requirements
• HP* ProLiant* Servers showcase of a bare-metal
UEFI deployment solution using HTTP Boot,
Embedded UEFI Shell, and RESTful APIs
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Next Steps/Call to Action
• Adopt UEFI 2.5 implementations with HTTP
Boot
• Adopt Redfish implementations in servers and
management software
• Transition data centers to use HTTP Boot and
Redfish REST APIs
www.uefi.org 36LinuxCon EU 2015
![Page 37: UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 · LinuxCon Europe UEFI Mini-Summit 7 October 2015 Session 4 –Goodbye PXE, Hello HTTP Boot Dong Wei, HP](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022050504/5f95f84bcb75e706836d71a0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Interested In Joining?www.uefi.org/membership
UEFI FW/OS Forum:
uefi.org/FWOSForum
A free public forum focused on firmware and O/S
integration
USRT Security Issue Reporting:
uefi.org/security
A safe reporting site to inform the UEFI
of any security issue or vulnerability
based on firmware