UDT Europe 2002 Conference A Deep-Submergence, Very...
45
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 1 Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025 UDT Europe 2002 Conference A Deep-Submergence, Very Low-Frequency, Broadband, Multiport Transducer 19 June 2002 Alexander L. Butler and John L. Butler Image Acoustics, Inc. Cohasset, Massachusetts, 02025, USA
Transcript of UDT Europe 2002 Conference A Deep-Submergence, Very...
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 1
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
UDT Europe 2002 ConferenceA Deep-Submergence, Very Low-Frequency,
Broadband, Multiport Transducer
19 June 2002
Alexander L. Butler and John L. ButlerImage Acoustics, Inc.
Cohasset, Massachusetts, 02025, USA
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 2
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
_LF
+HF
f
-180
-90
Phas
e (d
eg)
0
90
180
f
1
Ampl
itude
Sum
f2
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Piezoelectric Ring
High FrequencyResonator
OutputAdded
ResonatorLow Frequency
F
Summed response (+/- on ring)
FL
Mass controlled, phase 180 deg
Leve
lFrequencyH
Stiffness controlled, phase 0 deg
J. L. Butler, Multiport Underwater Sound Transducer, U. S. Patent, 5,184,332 (1993)
Multiport Operation
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
2a
2L
aa up ,LL up ,
z
∫=
−−=
dzzpL
p
ukaciu
kLkzcizp
a
aL
)(1
2sincos)( ρρ
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Pa
va
1z
z 3PL
vL
2z
General “T” network
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
v
aPaC
a
a-C
vb
LP
za
βV
=aC kLaciza cot2πρ−
=
Resulting acoustical circuit
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 7
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
au
aF
av
aP
u
PL
vL
FL
L
2πaL : 1 1 : πa2
Mechanical to Acoustical Transformers
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
CaF
au uL
LF
-C z
1 : a/2L
2aLC
βπ= kLaciz cot2πρ−=
Mechanical Equivalent Circuit
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 9
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
i
I
V0
1 : N
C0
C
-C
uLz
M
uaCm
LLaCCi πβ4
12
2
=
=
LLL ZuF =
Combined Ring and Fluid Tube Equivalent Circuit
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
V
Electro-mechanicaltransformer
Ring AreaTransformer
Inner
InputVoltage
PiezoelectricRing Driver
Ring AreaTransformer
Outer
Inner tubetransmissionline
Self and mutual
impedanceradiation
transmission line
Outer tube
Weightedsum mixer
Equivalent Circuit
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 11
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
600 Hz DesignOne-third Scale Model to 200 Hz
Design
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Transducer DimensionsLength 32 in (813 mm)Diameter 15 in (381 mm)2 Ring Array-33-mode - 60 PZT-8 wedges / ring- Diameter 9.8 in (250 mm)- Height 8.6 in (220 mm)
600 Hz Multiport Finite Element Model
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
1 2 47
1 2 43
5 65 76
810
11
1915 1614 17
159 10
14
11 1213
19
16 1726
18
25
18
8
12 13 20
21 22
2324
27
600 Hz Multiport Equivalent Circuit
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Frequency (kHz)
TVR
(dB
re 1
uPa
@ 1
m)
Circuit AnalysisFEA
600 Hz Multiport FEA and Equivalent Circuit TVR
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Transducer DimensionsLength 32 in (813 mm)Diameter 15 in (381 mm)2 Ring Array-33-mode - 60 PZT-8 wedges / ring- Diameter 9.8 in (250 mm)- Height 8.6 in (220 mm)
600 Hz Multiport Transducer
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 16
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
600 Hz Multiport at Test Facility
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
600 Hz Multiport Transducer
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Frequency (kHz)
TVR
(dB
re 1
uPa
@ 1
m)
MeasuredCircuit AnalysisFEA
Measured Transmitting Voltage Response for 600 Hz Multiport Transducer
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 19
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Frequency (kHz)
TVR-
TCR
(dB
re 1
uPa/
1A @
1m
)
fr1=615 Hz
fa1=645 Hz
fr2=1000 Hz
fa2=1020 Hz
Tube Coupling CoefficientLow Frequency TubeK=0.3High Frequency TubeK=0.2
600 Hz Multiport Measured transmitting current response and TVR showing tube coupling coefficient
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 20
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
210
215
220
225
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Frequency (kHz)
SPL
(dB
re 1
uPA
@ 1
m)
600 Hz Mulitport measured at 2000 volts
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Measured Transmitting Power Response for 600 Hz Multiport Transducer
150
155
160
165
170
175
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Frequency (kHz)
TPR
(dB
re 1
uPa/
1w @
1m
)
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Frequency (kHz)
uMHO
S
600 Hz Multiport Conductance
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2Frequency (kHz)
uMH
OS
600 Hz Multiport Susceptance
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
600 Hz Multiport Measured beam patterns at 615 Hz and 995 Hz
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
200 Hz DesignFull Size Model
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Steel Low Frequency Tube
Steel High Frequency Tube
PZT-8 Ring Array
Transducer DimensionsLength 97 in (2464 mm)Diameter 29 in (737 mm)Weight 2400 Lbs (1088 Kg)
200 Hz Multiport Finite Element Model
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
1 2 47
1 2 43
5 65 76
810
11
1915 1614 17
159 10
14
11 1213
19
16 1726
18
25
18
8
12 13 20
21 22
2324
27
200 Hz Multiport Equivalent Circuit
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 28
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
100105110115120125130135140145150155160
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Frequency (Hz)
TVR
(dB
re 1
uPa
@ 1
m)
Finite Element
Circuit Analysis
Finite element and equivalent circuit transmitting response
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 29
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
8 Ring Array-33-mode - 124 PZT-8 wedges / ring- Diameter 20 in (508 mm)- Height 28 in (711 mm)
Assembled Ring Array before Potting
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 30
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Ring array after polyurethane potting. Array was rubber booted for longevity
Assembled Ring Array after Potting and Rubber Molding
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 31
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Ring array is seated at the center of the high frequency tube.
Transducer Being Assembled
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Fully Assembled 200 Hz Multiport Transducer
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
200 Hz Mulitport Transducer
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Frequency (Hz)
TVR
(dB
re 1
uPa
@ 1
m)
Finite ElementCircuit AnalysisMeasured without Equalizer
200 Hz Multiport Measured transmitting voltage response
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 35
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Frequency (Hz)
TVR
(dB
re 1
uPa
@ 1
m)
Measured without EqualizerMeasured with Equalizer
200 Hz Multiport Measured transmitting (with and without equalizer)
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 36
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350
Frequency (Hz)
TVR
-TC
R (d
B re
1uP
a @
1m
)
TCRTVR
fr1=212 Hz
fa1=222Hz
fr2=333 Hz
fa2=324 Hz
Tube Coupling CoefficientLow Frequency TubeK=0.3High Frequency TubeK=0.2
200 Hz Multiport Measured transmitting current response and TVR showing tube coupling coefficient
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 37
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
175180185190195200205210215220225
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360Frequency (Hz)
SPL
(dB
re/1
uPa
@ 1
m)
200 Hz Multiport measured at 3000 volts
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 38
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350
Frequency (Hz)
TPR
(dB
re 1
uPa
@ 1
m)
200 Hz Multiport Measured transmitting power response
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360Frequency (Hz)
G (u
Mho
s)
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
200 Hz Multiport Conductance
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
-2000
-1000
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360Frequency (Hz)
B (u
Mho
s)
200 Hz Multiport Susceptance
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 41
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Endfire
Broadside
Measured beam patterns at 200 Hz and 250 Hz
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Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
Endfire
Broadside
Measured beam patterns at 300 Hz and 350 Hz
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 43
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Frequency (kHz)
TVR
(dB
re
1uP
a @
1m
)
600 Hz Muliport TVR
QLF=20 QHF=13
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Frequency (Hz)
TVR
(dB
re
1uP
a @
1m
)
200 Hz Muliport TVR
QHF=23QLF=26
150
160
170
180
190
200
180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 360
Frequency (Hz)
TPR
(dB
re 1
uPa/
1w @
1m
)
200 Hz Muliport TPR
150
160
170
180
190
200
0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Frequency (kHz)
TPR
(dB
re 1
uPa/
1w @
1m
)
600 Hz Muliport TPR
Measurement Summary
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 44
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
SummaryTwo Low-frequency transducer operating at 200 Hz and 600 HzBroadband frequency range (approx. one-octave )Free-flooded (can withstand very high pressure)Utilizes inside and outside of piezoelectric cylinder surfacesMeasured up to 197 dB at 6.5 volts/mil (Limit 204 dB) Measured up to 196 dB at 4 volts/mil (Limit 204 dB)
ApplicationDeep submergence, low-frequency, broadband acoustic sourcee.g. Underwater Tomography
6/4/2005 UDT Europe 2002 45
Image Acoustics, Inc., 97 Elm Street, Cohasset, Massachusetts 02025
AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by Jan Lindberg of Office of Naval Research through an SBIR Phase II contract.
Transducer fabrication was performed by Massa Products Corp., Hingham, MA, USA and Peterson Steel, Stoughton, MA, USA.
Also we would like to thank Stephen Butler of Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA and George Cavanagh, MassaProducts for their help with transducer measurements.
